Explain the processes involved in the lique-
faction of gases. What substances that are gases
under normal room conditions are typically
used in the liquid form? Why?

System B is in a liquid phase since it is at the same temperature as System A, but has a lower pressure.

When a substance is heated, the pressure of the vapour increases, and eventually the pressure of the vapour and the liquid become equal at the substance's boiling point. This is known as the saturated vapour point. If the pressure of the vapour is lowered, then the vapour will condense into a liquid, as is the case with System B. As a result, System B is in a liquid phase due to the lower pressure.

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According to the  stoichiometry, 0.621 g  of nitrogen can be made when 5.3 grams of CuO are consumed.

It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.In the given chemical equation, 238.62 g copper oxide gives 28 g nitrogen thus, 5.3 g will give 5.3×28/238.62=0.621 g.

Thus, 0.621 g  of nitrogen can be made when 5.3 grams of CuO are consumed.

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8.  The pressure of the gas in the container is 369.7 mmHg.

9. The new pressure of the gas in atmospheres is 1.47 atm

10. The temperature in Kelvin will 0. 1243 moles of fluorine exert a pressure of 2. 02 atm at a volume of 0. 625 L is 124 K.

The ideal gas equation is expressed as :

P V = n R T

8. The gas law is :

P₁ V₁ = P₂ V₂

P₂ =  P₁ V₁ / V₂

P₂ = ( 256.4 × 362 ) / 251

     = 369.7 mmHg

9. P₁ V₁ / T₁ = P₂ V₂ / T₂

P₂ = P₁ V₁ T₂ V₂T₁

P₂ = ( 1 × 32.4 × 352) / 28.4 × 273

    = 1.47 atm

The pressure is 1.47 atm

10. P V = n R T

T = P V / n R

T = ( 2.02 × 625 ) / 0.1243 × 0.082

T = 124 K

Thus, the temperature is 124 K.

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when 0.982 g of mercury oxide are heated until all oxygen is expelled, 0.909g of mercury remain then the formula of the oxide will be HgO.

The formula of the oxide can be determined by using the mass loss during heating as a clue to the number of moles of oxygen that was present in the original sample.

First, we'll calculate the mass of oxygen that was expelled:

0.982 g - 0.909 g = 0.073 g

Next, we'll convert the mass of oxygen to moles:

0.073 g / (16.00 g/mol) = 0.00456 mol

Next, we'll convert the mass of mercury to moles:

0.909 g / (200.59 g/mol) = 0.00453 mol

The ratio of moles of mercury to moles of oxygen in the original sample is approximately 1:1, which means that the formula of the oxide is HgO.

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The response is untrue, thus no. Methane (CH4) and oxygen combine to produce water and carbon dioxide. Since there are different numbers of hydrogen atoms on either side.

Methane (CH4) and oxygen combine to generate water and carbon dioxide. Since there are different numbers of hydrogen atoms on either side, we can see that the process is not balanced in this instance. The quantity of oxygen atoms is the same.

Natural gas mostly consists of methane. Methane is released into the atmosphere where it ultimately mixes with oxygen to create additional carbon dioxide (CO2). This straightforward chemical process turns methane into carbon dioxide.

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If the density of the ruby is 4.02 g/cm³, the volume of a 1.00 carat ruby is  0.049 cm³.

The density of the ruby = 4.02 g/cm³

The mass of the ruby = 1 carat

1 carat = 200 mg = 0.200 g

The mass of the ruby 0.200 g

The density is expressed as :

Density = mass / volume

The volume = mass / density

Volume = 0.200 / 4.02

Volume = 0.049 cm³

The volume of the ruby in mL = 0.049 mL.

Thus, the volume of the ruby is 0.049 mL in the 1 carat of the ruby.

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In the given chemical reaction, 87.4 g of carbon dioxide gas is produced if 29.4 g of ethene and 95.3 g of oxygen is used in a reaction. The correct choice is option e.

Combustion is a chemical process that occurs in the presence of oxygen between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, creating heat and light.

We need to find the limiting reagent by calculating the moles of each reactant and comparing them to the stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation.

Moles of [tex]\rm C_2H_4[/tex]= 29.4 g / 28.05 g/mol = 1.045 mol

Moles of [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] = 95.3 g / 32 g/mol = 2.978 mol

The stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation is 1 mol [tex]\rm C_2H_4[/tex]: 3 mol  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex]. Therefore,  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] is the limiting reagent because we have less moles of  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio.

Now we can use the moles of  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] to determine the moles of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]produced.

Moles of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]= 2.978 mol  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] [tex]\times[/tex] (2 mol  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]/ 3 mol  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex]) = 1.985 mol  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]

Finally, we can use the moles of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] to determine the mass of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]produced.

Mass of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]= 1.985 mol  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex][tex]\times[/tex] 44.01 g/mol = 87.4 g  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]

Therefore, option e. 87.4 g is the correct choice.

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Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was,

The following balanced equation describes the combustion of ethene

([tex]\rm C_2H_4[/tex]). How many grams of carbon dioxide, [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex], are produced if 29.4 g of ethene and 95.3 g of oxygen, [tex]\rm O_2[/tex], are used for the reaction? [tex]\rm 1C_2H_4+3O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]

(a) 133 g

(b) 92.3 g

(c) 46.1 g

(d) 131 g

(e) 87.4 g

Sodium and potassium are s-block alkali metals. Because potassium and sodium are metals, they each lose one electron.

Reactivity is indeed a measure of how easily a material conducts a chemical reaction in chemistry. The reaction might include the chemical alone or in combination with those other atoms or molecules, and it is usually followed by the release of energy. The most reactive components and elements have the potential to spontaneously or explosively ignite.

Because potassium and sodium are metals, they each lose one electron. They create cations and react with nonmetals to generate salt. Sodium and potassium are s-block alkali metals.

Therefore, because potassium and sodium are metals, they each lose one electron.

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The molecular formula of the compound with an empirical formula of CH and a molecular molar mass of 78 g/mol is, [tex]C_6H_6[/tex].

An Empirical formula is the chemical formula of a compound that gives the proportions (ratios) of the elements present in the compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms. This would be the lowest whole number ratio of the elements in the compound.

Given,

Empirical formula = CH

The molar mass of empirical is 12+1 = 13 g

The molar mass of molecular formula = 78 g

To find the number of empirical units divide the molecular mass + empirical mass

No. of units = 78÷13 = 6

So, the molecular formula is 6×(CH)

[tex]C_6H_6[/tex]

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Explanation:

burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide, and photosynthesis removes it

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide form sodium chloride and water

Silver nitrate and potassium iodide.

A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are converted into one or a different substance and produce a new product. A substance is a chemical element or compound. Chemical reactions rearrange reactant atoms to make different substances.

Writing the chemical formulas of the reactants and the products of the reaction must be correct. The number of various atoms before the reaction (left arrow) and after the reaction (right arrow) must be the same. The states of the substances involved in a chemical reaction equation are written in parentheses after the chemical formula.

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Sample A was from a gunshot while sample B is from a blow. Option C

In forensics, the blood pattern has to do with the way that the blood is arranged or the way that the blood flows among a particular target. It is common to see that when a person is shot, the blood would splatter on the wall behind the victim.

The pattern of the splatter of the blood can be used to tell if the would from a high velocity impact of if the would was just from a medium velocity impact as are shown by the images.

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Answer:

Avogadro's law is an ideal gas law that states that, at a constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. This law assumes that the gas is an ideal gas, which is a theoretical gas that follows a set of idealized assumptions, such as having no intermolecular forces and occupying no volume.

In reality, gases are not always ideal and can deviate from the ideal gas behavior at high pressures and low temperatures. In these conditions, the volume of a gas is no longer directly proportional to the number of moles of gas due to the intermolecular forces between gas particles. Real gases can also have different molar volumes, which means that the identity of the gas does matter when considering the relationship between volume and number of moles.

Therefore, while Avogadro's law is a useful approximation in many situations, it is not always accurate for real gases.

Elements were arranged by atomic number and properties of the elements varied periodically with atomic number.

What is Mendeleev's period Table?

Mendeleev's initial periodic table, which stated that "Element characteristics are a periodic function of their atomic weight," was first published in 1869.

The Periodic table of Mendeleev is a table in which Mendeleev listed elements in the order of their atomic masses.

Mendeleev made an effort to link the atomic masses to their chemical and physical characteristics.

Hence, the properties of the elements varied periodically with atomic number, and the elements were ordered according to their atomic numbers.

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If a molecule has an uneven distribution of electrons then it is polar molecule and it will not be dissolved in water because the distribution of electrons around the molecule is no longer symmetrical.

This is referred to as a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons and so the sharing is unequal. In a polar covalent bond, sometimes simply called a polar bond, the distribution of electrons around the molecule is no longer symmetrical.

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Answer:

Why can some substances be reused while others can't?

Explanation:

we can only reuse some substances because they are very stable. while the other substsances are unstable and can hurt you.

The offered sentence describes the exothermic change in energy as "freezing."

A reaction is deemed to be exothermic if it produces heat while also undergoing a net decrease in standard ∆h. Examples provide any type of flame, iron rusting, and water freezes. Exothermic processes are those that discharge heat and energy into the surrounding environment.

Exothermic refers to chemical reactions which release energy. When bonds are created in the products of exothermic processes, more energy is produced than is required to break bonds between the reactants. Endothermic refers to chemical reactions that either use or absorb photons.

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The relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas can be described by the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins.

We can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for volume:

V = (nRT) / P

We know the initial volume of the gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure of 0 °C and 1 atm):

V1 = 3.2 m^3

We also know the initial temperature and pressure:

T1 = 273.15 K (0 °C converted to kelvins)

P1 = 1 atm

And we know the final temperature and pressure:

T2 = 38.0 + 273.15 = 311.15 K

P2 = 3.1 atm

Assuming the number of moles of gas stays constant, we can substitute the known values into the equation and solve for the final volume:

V2 = (nRT2) / P2

V2 = (n * R * 311.15) / 3.1

V2 = (n * 8.31 * 311.15) / 3.1

Since the number of moles n cancels out, we can simplify the equation:

V2 = (8.31 * 311.15) / 3.1

V2 = 936.76 / 3.1

V2 = 301.31 m^3

So the final volume of the gas under the specified conditions is 301.31 m^3 to two decimal places.

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the formal charge on carbon in the Lewis structure for COCl2 is 0.n the molecule cocl2, carbon is the central atom

The Lewis structure for COCl2 can be drawn as follows:

O=C=Cl

In this structure, the carbon atom is bonded to one oxygen atom and two chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom is bonded to the central carbon atom by a single bond, and the oxygen atom is bonded to the carbon atom by a double bond.

To calculate the formal charge on carbon, we can use the following formula:

Formal charge = (# of valence electrons) - (nonbonding electrons + 1/2 bonding electrons)

In this case, carbon has 4 valence electrons and shares 2 electrons in the double bond with oxygen, and 1 electron with each of the two chlorine atoms, for a total of 4 electrons. Thus, the formal charge on carbon is:

Formal charge = (4) - (0 + 1/2 * 4) = 0

Therefore, the formal charge on carbon in the Lewis structure for COCl2 is 0.

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The concentration of the diluted solution be 100 ppm.

Chemistry uses the term PPM, or parts per million, to describe extremely low concentrations of solution. One liter of solution containing milligrams of the chemical is what is meant by this term. Technically speaking, it is a dimensionless quantity that can be used to measure lower concentrations in a solution.There are numerous scientific uses for this conversion.

It refers to how many of the one million parts that make up the entire solution a specific substance or molecule occupies. It is used to describe substance concentrations that are typically dissolved in a solvent. When there are two solutions, and one of them has a known ppm concentration, the ppm concentration can be calculated by:

ppm1 x volume = ppm2 volume

500 ppm x 2 mL = ppm2 x 10 mL

ppm 2 = 500 ppm x 2 mL/ 10 mL

ppm 2 = 100 ppm

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1). The most shielded is c while the least shielded is a.

2). The most shielded is b while the least shielded is a.

In part 1 Since CH₃ has the most electrically rich carbon atom, it is also the most shielded, hence the answer to the question is c.

As oxygen is the electronegative radical and makes up the least protected carbon in the carbonyl group, the solution for the most shielded carbon atom is a.

In part 2 Since CH₃ has the most electrically rich carbon atom, it is also the most insulated, hence the correct response is b.

Due to the existence of the pi electrons, the carbon in a ring is least protected, hence the answer for the most shielded carbon atom is a.

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Answer:

Light vs electron

Explanation:

Light Microscope vs Electron Microscope. Light microscopes and electron microscopes both use radiation - in the form of either light or electron beams, to form larger and more detailed images of objects (e.g. biological specimens, materials, crystal structures, etc.) than the human eye can produce unaided.

The pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 50.0 ml of 0.300 M CH₃COOH with 0.3 M NaOH is approximately 4.68.

To calculate the pH at the equivalence point, we need to determine the concentration of acetate ion (CH₃COO⁻) and hydronium ion (H³O⁺) at this point.

At the start of the titration, the initial concentration of acetic acid is 0.300 M and the initial concentration of hydronium ion is the same.

Let's say that x moles of NaOH are added to the solution. This will lead to the formation of x moles of acetate ion (CH³COO⁻) and x moles of hydroxide ion (OH⁻).

The final concentration of acetic acid will be (0.300 M - x M) and the final concentration of hydronium ion will be (x M).

The ionization constant (Ka) for acetic acid can be used to determine the concentration of acetate ion and hydronium ion in the solution. The equation for the ionization of acetic acid is:

CH₃COOH + H₂O ↔ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺

Ka = [CH₃COO⁻][H₃O⁺] / [CH₃COOH]

At the equivalence point, [CH₃COOH] = (0.300 M - x M), [CH₃COO⁻] = x M, and [H₃O⁺] = x M. Substituting these values into the equation for Ka, we get:

1.8 x 10⁻⁵ = (x)(x) / (0.300 - x)

Solving for x, we get:

x = 2.1 x 10⁻⁵ M

The pH at the equivalence point is equal to the negative log of the hydronium ion concentration:

pH = -log[H₃O⁺] = -log(2.1 x 10⁻⁵) = 4.68

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when mtbe (shown) is reacted with hbr, carbons a and b will undergo nucleophilic substitution to yield two alkyl halides then by SN2 mechanism each c-o bonds will be cleaved.

When MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) is reacted with hydrogen bromide (HBr), the two C-O bonds in the molecule are expected to undergo an S N 2 substitution mechanism. This is because the reaction conditions are favorable for a bimolecular, concerted mechanism, where the nucleophilic (HBr) and substrate (MTBE) interact with each other to produce the products.

In the S N 2 mechanism, the C-O bonds in MTBE are cleaved via backside attack by the nucleophile, HBr. This involves the simultaneous formation of a new C-Br bond and breaking of the existing C-O bond. The attack takes place in a stereospecific manner, so that the orientation of the substrate and nucleophile determines the stereochemistry of the products. The S N 2 mechanism is typically favored under conditions where the substrate is a good leaving group and the nucleophile is a strong base.

In summary, both of the C-O bonds in MTBE are expected to be cleaved via an S N 2 mechanism when reacting with HBr.

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The kinetic energy of a 100kg cart moving at a speed of 6 m/s is 1800 J.

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy that an object has because of its motion. If you want to accelerate an object, then you must apply a force. Force can be applied when work is done by us. After work has been done, the energy will get transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed.

K.E = 1/2 mv²

m = 100 kg

v = 6 m/s

Substituting the values we get,

K.E = 1/2 × 100 × 6 × 6

⇒ K.E = 1800 J

Hence, The kinetic energy of a 100kg cart moving at a speed of 6 m/s is 1800 J.

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During radioactive decay Unstable isotopes can occur by releasing particles.

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons. They differ in mass, which affects their physical characteristics even if they have nearly identical chemical properties. There are unstable isotopes that emit radiation as well as stable isotopes that do not. These are referred to as radioisotopes.

Unstable isotopes undergo radioactive decay.The unstable isotope can release particles like alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays during radioactive decay. By emitting particles, the isotope transforms into a different element or isotope and becomes stable.

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A 0.026 M KOH solution has [tex][OH-] = 0.026 M, [H3O+] = 10^(-13) M[/tex], and a pH of 12.97.

A potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is a strong base and dissociates completely in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-). The molar concentration of KOH can be used to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions.

[OH-] = 0.026 M

The hydroxide ions will react with water to produce hydronium ions (H3O+), according to the equation:

[tex]OH- + H2O - > H3O+ + OH-[/tex]

The concentration of hydronium ions can be calculated using the equation:

[tex][H3O+] = Kw/[OH-] = 10^(-14)/[OH-] = 10^(-14)/0.026 = 10^(-13) M[/tex]

The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation:

[tex]pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(10^(-13)) = 13.[/tex]

Therefore, the pH of the 0.026 M KOH solution is 12.97.

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Oyster populations are primarily, if not exclusively, composed of Adults (option B.).

Oysters are found in coastal areas that are either salty or brackish, and they tend to congregate on older shells, rocks, piers, or any other submerged surface that is hard. They eventually build rock-like reefs by fusing together as they grow, which provides a habitat for a variety of other marine animals and plants.

The word "oyster" refers to a number of different families of bivalve mollusks that live in marine or brackish environments and are known together by the name "oyster." In other species, the valves are extremely calcified, and the shape of several of them is rather asymmetrical. The superfamily Ostreoidea contains a significant number of oysters, although not all of them.

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According to the question, the molar mass of C₆H₆ is 60.5%.

What is molar mass?

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams per mole. It is calculated by summing the atomic masses of the atoms in the molecular formula of the substance. Molar mass can be used to calculate the mass of a given amount of a substance, or to determine the amount of a substance needed to obtain a particular mass. Molar mass is an important concept in chemistry as it is used to calculate the amount of energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction, as well as the amount of products formed.

Molar mass of C₆H₆ = 78.11 g/mol

Moles of C₆H₆ = 39.0 g / 78.11 g/mol = 0.500 mol

Molar mass of C₆H₅Cl = 92.56 g/mol

Moles of C₆H₅Cl = 28.0 g / 92.56 g/mol = 0.301 mol

Theoretical yield of C₆H₅Cl = 0.500 mol x 92.56 g/mol = 46.28 g

Actual yield of C₆H₅Cl = 28.0 g

Percent yield of C₆H₅Cl = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) x 100%

= (28.0 g / 46.28 g) x 100%

= 60.5%

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According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical reaction, the  reaction of 2.0 mole of O₂ will produce 1.6 mole of H₂O.

It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.In the given reaction, 5 moles of oxygen gives 4 moles of water, thus 2 mole of oxygen will give 2×4/5=1.6 moles of water.

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