Explain the historical and contemporary significance of
science in shaping understandings about race. What were the
consequence(s) of science relative to the construction of racial
categories and the human condition (i.e., life outcomes and
access to opportunities) of African Americans and other
people of color within the United States? (provide appropriate
cites where necessary).

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

huh

Explanation:

Donald Trump’s election as the 45th President of the United States has been marked by the brewing storms of racial conflicts. A rise in racial incidents ensued in the immediate aftermath of Trump’s victory in November 2016. Since the beginning of 2017, over 100 bomb threats have been made against Jewish community centers and schools. Trump’s travel ban, signed in late January 2017, initially affected about 90,000 people from seven Middle Eastern countries; 87,000 of those banned were Muslims. Minorities such as American Muslims and black Americans have expressed fears over racial relations under Trump. Undeniably, the topic of race—and racism—has gripped America and the world throughout.

Over the last decade, there have been hopes that the US has become a post-racial society, free of racial prejudice and discrimination. However, the most recent months indicate the contrary: race remains an incendiary issue. Race and racism are not new issues, but in today’s 21st century Trump-era, discussions about race are distinct from those of the past in that they possess an entirely new dimension: that of genetics and DNA.

Race in the new era of human genetics research

In 2003, scientists completed the Human Genome Project, making it finally possible to examine human ancestry with genetics. Scientists have since tackled topics such as human migrations out of Africa and around the world. And it’s not just scientists who are excited about human genetics: widely affordable at-home ancestry test kits are now readily available from companies like 23andMe, Family Tree DNA, and Ancestry. For $99—around the price of a romantic dinner or a pair of Nikes—a customer can receive an analysis from 23andMe indicating that they are, for instance, 18.0% Native American, 65.1% European and 6.2% African.

The soaring popularity of ancestry testing bespeaks a widespread perception that we can use these tests to dissect, delineate, and define our ancestral composition. Indeed, social media is teeming with blog posts, and even livestream videos, from excited customers bursting to broadcast their test results and their reactions. Ancestry test kits are the new “it” item—and with their success is the tacit admission of our belief that our DNA can sort us into categories like the “five races:” African, European, Asian, Oceania, and Native American (Figure 1A).

Figure 1. ‘Race’ cannot be biologically defined due to genetic variation among human individuals and populations. (A) The old concept of the “five races:” African, Asian, European, Native American, and Oceanian. According to this view, variation between the races is large, and thus, the each race is a separate category. Additionally, individual races are thought to have a relatively uniform genetic identity. (B) Actual genetic variation in humans. Human populations do roughly cluster into geographical regions. However, variation between different regions is small, thus blurring the lines between populations. Furthermore, variation within a single region is large, and there is no uniform identity.  

Figure 1: ‘Race’ cannot be biologically defined due to genetic variation among human individuals and populations. (A) The old concept of the “five races:” African, Asian, European, Native American, and Oceanian. According to this view, variation between the races is large, and thus, the each race is a separate category. Additionally, individual races are thought to have a relatively uniform genetic identity. (B) Actual genetic variation in humans. Human populations do roughly cluster into geographical regions. However, variation between different regions is small, thus blurring the lines between populations. Furthermore, variation within a single region is large, and there is no uniform identity.

New findings in genetics tear down old ideas about race

Estimating our ancestral composition down to 0.1% seem to suggest that there are exact, categorical divisions between human populations. But reality is far less simple. Compared to the general public’s enthusiasm for ancestry testing, the reaction from scientists has been considerably more lukewarm. Research indicates that the concept of “five races” does, to an extent, describe the way human populations are distributed among the continents—but the lines between races are much more blurred than ancestry testing companies would have us believe (Figure 1B).

A landmark 2002 study by Stanford scientists examined the question of human diversity by looking at the distribution across seven major geographical regions of 4,000 alleles. Alleles are the different “flavors” of a gene. For instance, all humans have the same genes that code for hair: the different alleles are why hair comes in all types of colors and textures.

Answer 2
They all want it to there self

Related Questions

baket ang ghunthe aq??

Answers

Answer:

urgently required by you to you babu kcha Armani chu

What was the most important compromise made during the Constitutional Convention?

Answers

Yes my baby is muy Good
No se lo que digo por k no se inglés.
Sorry

Role of theodussus to expansion of Christianity

Answers

Answer:

in 350 ce he made nicene Christianity the official roman empire religion

Which of the following groups was treated badly because of its religious beliefs?
a.federalist
b.mormons
c.abolitionist
d. democrstic republican

Answers

Answer:

Mormons

Explanation:

The group in the early United States that was treated badly because of their religious beliefs were the b. Mormons.

Were the Mormons treated badly?

When the Mormons first came to the United States, they were treated badly because their version of Christianity was a bit different from those of the main denominations.

They persevered however to become one of the most populous churches in the current age.

Find out more on the Mormons at https://brainly.com/question/9463057.

#SPJ2

The characteristics of this political system are individualism, equality, fraternity, and liberty.


Monarchy

Oligarchy

Democracy

Totalitaianism

Answers

Answer:

Democracy

Explanation:

the monarchy is a Terrible way of governing especially the British version which just constantly oppressed people (the Irish and most of the world)

The goal of the Tariff of Abominations, passed in 1828, was to protect the industries in the North by increasing tax on the goods imported from foreign nations. Which statement best shows the effect of this tariff on American history?
A. The Tariff of Abominations widened income inequality because it favored the rich upper class while burdening the lower class.
B. The Tariff of Abominations upset American Indians because it did nothing productive for their development.
C. The Tariff of Abominations caused conflicts between the North and the South regarding their sectional interests.
D. The Tariff of Abominations upset common working class Americans because it provided special privileges to the upper class.

Answers

Answer:

C. The Tariff of Abominations caused conflicts between the North and the South regarding their sectional interests.

According to public opinion data, Congress’ approval rating

a.
is irrelevant to American politics.

b.
has never exceeded 50%.

c.
has recently increased from historical lows.

d.
is presently at historical highs.

Answers

Explanation:

djdjjdndndshjsjshzjzj

¿La estructura de un acta es variable? ¿Por qué?

Answers

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

A record is a basic information structure in data science. Rows are the units of data in the database or spreadsheets. A record is a set of fields, perhaps of multiple data kinds, that are generally in a specific order and quantity.

A record is a basic information structure in computer science. In a data definition language, there are records. A data type that specifies values and variables is known as a record type.

Why did the Founding Fathers include a bill of rights in the U.S Constitution?

Answers

It allowed people to choose who they want for president and government which caused them to have reduced power compared to Britain also they had natural rights which meant they weren’t forced to obey the leader of the country

Why did human communities develop government?


To provide order and divide economic resources.

To please the gods.

To guarantee that the wealthy would control all wealth.

To guarantee that the poor would control all wealth

Answers

Answer:

To provide order and develop government

Explanation:

To provide people to control rules and make sure that a country/region is surviving as a whole

Which of the buildings below can be found on the Acropolis?

Answers

Answer: Hellenistic

Explanation:

Astronauts and scientists conduct research studies aboard the International Space Station, a satellite that was built by

Answers

Answer:

NASA

Explanation:

it was mainly NASA but others have added to it, hence international.

Answer:

Built by sixteen nations

Explanation:

Sixteen nations formed a global partnership to build the ISS. The United States and Russia have taken the lead, but the completion of the ISS will draw upon the scientific and technological resources of all sixteen countries. The other fourteen countries are: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. This cooperative agreement represents one of the largest non-military joint efforts in history.

Edge 2023

Do religion and philosophy conflict with each other?

Answers

Answer:

it depends on a certain phrase and sonnet also depends on rhe history.

Explanation:

Simply yes

it really depends you know but of course they conflict with each other on some other things

What is the cause of the Haitian revolution

Answers

Answer:

The vast majority of the population of Haiti, then the extremely financially successful French colony of Saint-Domingue, consisted of African slaves. ... The causes of the Haitian Revolution included the affranchis' frustrated aspirations, the brutality of slave owners, and inspiration from the French Revolution.

Explanation:

Answer:

The vast majority of the population of Haiti, then the extremely financially successful French colony of Saint-Domingue, consisted of African slaves. ... The causes of the Haitian Revolution included the affranchis' frustrated aspirations, the brutality of slave owners, and inspiration from the French Revolution.

Explanation:

Who do you think the audience was for the Japanese relocation newsreel?

Answers

Answer:

All-American news were the first newsreels produced for a black audience.

Match the leaders with their goals at the Yalta Conference of 1945.

Answers

Answer:

Here are your matches:

Explanation:

JOSEPH STALIN = wanted to prevent future threats from Germany

WINSTON CHURCHILL = wanted free elections in Eastern Europe

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT = wanted Soviet help against Japan

Context/explanation:

US president Franklin Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, the leaders of the Allies in World War II, met at Yalta in February, 1945.  

Roosevelt wanted to get Stalin to agree to Russia's entry into the war against Japan -- and Stalin agreed to that (in exchange for the promise of territory returned to Soviet control that had been lost to Japan in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05).   Stalin kept that promise.  In August 1945, Soviet troops invaded Manchuria to battle occupying Japanese forces there.  The Soviets also took control of northern Korea away from the Japanese.

Churchill in particular (along with Roosevelt) pushed strongly for Stalin to allow free elections to take place in the nations of Europe after the war. At that time Stalin agreed, but there was a strong feeling by the other leaders that he might renege on that promise. The Soviets never did allow those free elections to occur. Later, Winston Churchill wrote, ""Our hopeful assumptions were soon to be falsified." Stalin and the Soviets felt they needed the Eastern European nations as satellites to protect their own interests.

he Virginia House of Burgesses was the first ?
A. Democratic assembly established by the Mayflower Compact.

B.First British religious institutions in the colonies.

C.Assembly established by the king to supervise the Virginia Colonies.

D.First democratic assembly in North America

Answers

Answer:

C. Assembly established by the king to supervise the Virginia Colonies.

Explanation:

Tge Virginia House of Burgesses was the first assembly established by the king to supervise the Virginia Colonies.

Whch region on the map is known as the birthplace of human beings?

Answers

Answer:

Johennsburg in South Africa

According to existing archaeological and fossil evidence, however, the Cradle of Humankind (originally known as Cradle of Mankind) is the Afar Triangle in East Africa, which is often referred to as the Cradle of Humanity.

which is th main cereal crop of hill region? in nepal​

Answers

Although rice and maize are the two major staple crops of the region, wheat, millet, barley, potato, mustard and some other minor crops also make important contributions to hill agriculture. Rice can be grown virtually everywhere below 1800m on irrigated land, and maize on rainfed land up to an altitude of 2500m.

What were the origins of slavery ​

Answers

Answer:

Sumer and ancient civilizations.

Explanation:

The origins of slavery ​were Sumer and ancient civilizations. Slavery occurred in civilizations of Sumer, as well as in almost every ancient civilization, such as ancient Egypt, ancient China, the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, ancient Greece, ancient India, the Roman Empire, the Arab Islamic Caliphate and Sultanate and the pre-Columbian etc. The slavery was started because there is need for it in every society and civilization for the purpose of work.

Muslim rule in India Group of answer choices reserved most of the high posts in the central government and the provinces for Muslims. never made use of Hindus on any level of government. employed many Hindus in powerful positions within the government. was totally assimilated into Hindu culture. maintained a close alliance with Baghdad.

Answers

Answer:

reserved most of the high posts in the central government and the provinces for Muslims.

Explanation:

According to historical records, Muslim rule in India is "reserved to most of the high posts in the central government and the provinces for Muslims."

This is based on the religious conflict going underneath between the Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus in India. Each of the religions tends to favor its associates over the others when it comes to political situations and socioeconomic circumstances.

Give me a summary of John Locke's philosophy and beliefs.

Answers

In political theory, or political philosophy, John Locke refuted the theory of the divine right of kings and argued that all persons are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property and that rulers who fail to protect those rights may be removed by the people, by force if necessary.
John locke believed in the “intrinsic” meaning natural, rights of all people and that these rights were inalienable, this way of thinking massively contributed to americas constitution, he also believed that there was no divine right, that no one had, or at least shouldn’t have, absolute power, and was also not chosen by god for their absolute rule.

After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, we're the church officials any better at running and administering things than the Roman Politicians?

Answers

Answer:

Due to their abilities and relation to church.

Explanation:

After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, the church officials are better at running and administering things than the Roman Politicians because the roman politician has no ability of administrating the country while on the other hand,  church officials were able in administrating the government. The people also faithful and obey the sayings of the church officials because the  church officials were the leaders of their religion.

1. Was the Battle of Saratoga the result of American skill or British failures?
2. Why was the battle a significant turning point in the Revolutionary War?

Answers

I think Saratoga was the result of British failures (poor coordination/planning) but was significant as it fueled the Americans with power and morale, meaning the Americans had a chance to win

Why is the state of the union address speech fact checked

Answers

Answer: To ensure the President is not lying to the people.

Explanation:

The State of the Union is a very important speech by the President and acts as an official update on the affairs of the country. As a democracy, it is important that ordinary Americans know what is going on in their country.

This is why it is important that whatever the President says is fact-checked to ensure that they are not misleading the nation on how the United States is doing. The people deserve to know the truth so that they may decide whether to keep going with the current administration or whether a change is needed.

Fact-checking the State of the Union can even be said to be a patriotic act as it ensures that the country is being fed the facts.

The_____ aimed to help educate former enslaved persons.

Answers

Answer:

The Freedmen's Bureau

Explanation:

Founded in 1865, it aided in the establishment of schools for former slaves. During the Reconstruction era, the federal government established this bureau with the goal of assisting former slaves.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

because

What did the farmers include in the constitution to prevent Congress from having i enumerated powers over individual states?

Answers

Answer:

Federalism is the system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units. It is based upon democratic rules and institutions in which the power to govern is shared between national and state governments, creating a federation. Dual federalism is a political arrangement in which power is divided between national and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the national government. Dual federalism is defined in contrast to cooperative federalism, in which national and state governments collaborate on policy. Dual and cooperative federalism are also known as ‘layer-cake’ and ‘marble cake’ federalism, respectively, due to the distinct layers of layer cake and the more muddled appearance of marble cake.

Federalism was the most influential political movement arising out of discontent with the Articles of Confederation, which focused on limiting the authority of the federal government. The movement was greatly strengthened by the reaction to Shays’ Rebellion of 1786-1787, which was an armed uprising of farmers in western Massachusetts. The rebellion was fueled by a poor economy that was created, in part, by the inability of the federal government to deal effectively with the debt from the American Revolution. Moreover, the federal government had proven incapable of raising an army to quell the rebellion, so Massachusetts was forced to raise its own.

The most forceful defense of the new Constitution was The Federalist Papers , a compilation of 85 anonymous essays published in New York City to convince the people of the state to vote for ratification. These articles, written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, examined the benefits of the new Constitution and analyzed the political theory and function behind the various articles of the Constitution. Those opposed to the new Constitution became known as the Anti-Federalists. They were generally local, rather than cosmopolitan, in perspective, oriented toward plantations and farms rather than commerce or finance, and wanted strong state governments with a weaker national government. The Anti-Federalists believed that the legislative branch had too much unchecked power, that the executive branch had too much power, and that there was no check on the chief executive. They also believed that a Bill of Rights should be coupled with the Constitution to prevent a dictator from exploiting citizens. The Federalists argued that it was impossible to list all the rights and that those not listed could be easily overlooked because they were not in the official bill of rights.

Explanation:

Choose the sentence that has correct parallel structure,
A. The kids who got the sickness first were the kids who had the
sickness the longest,
B. Misery, sickness, and exhaustion entered my house,
C. My housed was invaded by some strange illness, followed by
misery, and in the end, we were all exhausted,
D. None of the above are correct
Help ????

Answers

Answer:B

The answer is B “Misery, sickness, and exhaustion entered my house.

Answer:

C.

im sure it is if im wrong can someone tell me cause i need to know if my answer is wrong or right thank you

Why did Spain create missions in the colonies?

Answers

Answer:

Spain created missions in the colonies so that they could change and appease the native populations, help them to convert to Catholic faith. Later on it was a trick so the people could exploit their native resources and force the American Indians to do their labor such as growing sugar working in the mines and also it was to help assimilate these Indians.

Explanation:

What changes were made to automobiles after World War II

Answers

After 1945, the government green-lighted commercial production, and carmakers debuted their 1946 models to a public that was eager to get back on the road. Borrowing some of the design trends of warplanes, the post-war cars introduced massive tail fins and large expanses of chrome.
Other Questions
The rapid diversification of species seen in the fossil record followed by long periods of stasis is part of the ________ model of evolution. Is this right?? If not please tell me the answers Which audience lends itself best to an informal style?Your boss's bossYour best friendYour congressional representativeAn older relative you don't know very well Under certain conditions, the substance mercury(II) oxide can be broken down to form mercury and oxygen. If 32.2 grams of mercury(II) oxide react to form 29.8 grams of mercury, how many grams of oxygen must simultaneously be formed While in high school, you need to complete a specific number of ___ to be accepted into a four-year college explain how native advertisements might represent a conflict of interest in some cases Entering 38.00 into the Price of Sneakers field Entering 6.00 into the Price field Entering 3.00 into the Price of Leather field True or False: You will no Martina arrives for her first day at a new job. The hiring manager, Francisco, takes her on a tour of the building, introducing her to her new co-workers and showing her where the kitchen, meeting rooms, and her cubicle are located. After the tour, Francisco leaves Martina in her cubicle with the company's employee handbook, so she can read about the organization's policies and benefits. All these activities are part of if the volume of cylinder is 1000 cm with 14cm height. Then find the radius of cylinder how can a speaker ensure that an audience remembers the most important point of a speech?A. by putting the point at the beginning of the speech so the audience hears it first lB. by providing as many details as possible so that facts stay in listeners mindsC. by using note cards to carefully organize the speech and keep it from running too longD. by putting the point at the end of the speech so the point remains in the audience's minds in a chemical equation, where do the products appear Which propaganda technique is being used in the following statement? "My opponent is much younger than I, and has not learned to be responsible enough to do this job." cuantas molculas de oxigeno se producen por la descomposicin de 28.5 g de H2O2 (masa molecular = 34.0g/mol) de acuerdo a la ecuacin 2H2O2(l) 2H2O(l)+O2(g) Trends in the periodic table indicate that the element with the greatest ionization energy is in which of the following periods and groups? aPeriod 2, Group 1 bPeriod 7, Group 2 cPeriod 6, Group 17 dPeriod 1, Group 18 If the market rate of interest is 7%, the price of 6% bonds paying interest semiannually with a face value of $500,000 will be Which statement is about population density PLEASE I NEED THIS NOW 50 POINTS Write your answer as a functionAndy is wrapping gifts for his family. He ties 25 inches of ribbon around each gift. Which function gives the relationship between the number ofgifts (g) and the length of ribbon used (9)?The function representing the relationship between the length of ribbon and the number of gifts is ? write seven million six hundred twenty thousand six hundred fifty in standard form? someone help me for this algebra task please Which of the following is correct?Select one:a. Industry and agriculture both overuse surface water resources.b. Industry and agriculture both overuse groundwater resources.c. Industry overuses surface water and agriculture overusesgroundwater.O d. Industry overuses groundwater and agriculture overusessurface water