Explain the application of biology epecially the role of microbilogy and biotechnology for the growing public and global health need
A, in the development of effective diagnotic ,prevention and treatment meaure including production of novel drug and recombnant vaccine
B, in the production of nutritionally enriched genetically modified crop and animal to alloviate food inecurity which i a common dilemma particularly in underdeveloped countrie

Each of the following would cause an increase in blood pressure except inhibitor of angiotensin II. So option c is correct.

Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, which means it causes the walls of the arteries to narrow, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Inhibitors of this hormone, such as ACE inhibitors and ARBs, work by blocking its action and preventing it from constricting the arteries, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.

Blood pressure is a measure of the amount of force exerted against the walls of the arteries as blood flows through them. It is an important indicator of cardiovascular health as it can affect the function of various organs in the body. The most common causes of an increase in blood pressure include an increase in aldosterone, increase in peripheral resistance, inhibition of angiotensin II, and increase in blood volume.

One of the factors that would cause an increase in blood pressure is an increase in aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate the balance of fluids in the body. It acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium. This causes an increase in blood volume, which in turn leads to an increase in blood pressure, specifically in the systolic pressure.

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When two alleles in a genotype are the same, the genotype is said to be homozygous; when the two alleles are different, the genotype is said to be heterozygous. Genotyping is the term for the process of identifying a genotype.

A person's genotype is made up of all the alleles they have for a certain gene. The sum of a person's attributes or observable characteristics is their phenotype. The phenotype of an organism is only impacted by its genotype, which is directly inherited from its parents. It is possible for a child to have genotype "ii" because parents with type B will have either BB or Bi. A father with type "O" can have a child with genotype "ii" because type "O" is determined by allele I.

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The first factor is temperature; normally, a reaction is sped up or slowed down depending on the temperature. The second factor is pH; each enzyme has a preferred pH range. these two factors affect the active site and enzyme function.

The average kinetic energy of a system is measured by its temperature. The kinetic energy of a system starts to rise as the particle's velocity increases, which raises the system's temperature. The energy that is transferred when two bodies with different surface temperatures come in touch is referred to as heat.

Proteins called enzymes serve as biological catalysts by quickening chemical reactions. Substrates are the molecules that enzymes can interact with, and the enzyme changes the substrates into other molecules known as products.

The area of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction is known as the active site. The amino acid residues that make up the active site are those that catalyze the reaction of the substrate and those that temporarily binds with the substrate.

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It lends credibility to the theory that all species descended from a common ancestor. The term "homology" refers to the belief that all living things have a common ancestry.

This is because homology asserts that many individuals have the same embryological origin as specific organ structures. This structure is functional in some, but not in others, indicating that it was handed down from a common ancestor to subsequent generations.

Natural selection, as we know, is an evolutionary process in which certain members of a species had characteristics in their bodies that were advantageous to the environment in which they lived.

These organisms survived and passed these structures on to their descendants. For this reason, we can say that the presence of homology supports the standard component of the theory of evolution by natural selection because it supports the hypothesis that species descend from a common ancestor.

These creatures survived and passed on these structures to their offspring. As a result, the presence of homology supports the standard component of natural selection theory since it supports the premise that species descend from a common ancestor.

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Answer:

The law of segregation, the law of dominance, and the law of independent assortment

Explanation:

He formulated several basic genetic laws, including the law of segregation, the law of dominance, and the law of independent assortment

The total risk can be calculated by the sum of market risk with diversifiable risk. By managing a portfolio's risk, an investor can increase profits from a portfolio over a certain length of time and reduce the negative consequences.

Market risk plus diversifiable risk equals total risk. By managing a portfolio's risk, an investor can increase profits from a portfolio over a certain length of time and reduce the negative consequences of unforeseeable future occurrences on the business or investment. Market risk and diversifiable risk are added to determine total risk. When examining the potential risks connected with a securities portfolio, systematic risk, sometimes referred to as market risk, can be distinguished from unsystematic risk. Systematic risk is the intrinsic risk of the portfolio. By evaluating the standard deviation of the volatility of the portfolio's actual returns over time, the risk associated with the portfolio is identified. The relationship between return volatility and portfolio risk is linear. By computing the Standard Deviation of this variability, this risk can be quantified.

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Answer: All living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing.

Gases

In a gas, particles are in continual straight-line motion. The kinetic energy of the molecule is greater than the attractive force between them, thus they are much farther apart and move freely of each other.

Teenagers may date outside of their parents' unions for a number of reasons, including as their self-perception, religious beliefs, financial status, media exposure, parental views, societal pressure, and cultural background.

Teenagers are more prone to turn to a sexual relationship for solace if they feel incomplete, inadequate, or underappreciated. However, those who lead happy lives, full of cherished family traditions, enjoyable pastimes, and, most importantly, unshakable love and acceptance, are less likely to act inappropriately during sexual encounters as a result of a preoccupation with fulfilment. Others who have a strong, increasing faith in God are more likely to have inherent tendencies to value and protect sex as a gift and to respect people rather than exploit them. Take note of these specific teen risk factors.

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The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The CNS is responsible for receiving and interpreting information from the body and the environment.

The central nervous system is responsible for integrating information from various sources, such as the senses, and for coordinating responses to that information. The central nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating the actions and movements of the body, such as muscle movement and balance. The central nervous system is responsible for higher functions such as perception, thought, memory, and emotion, The brain is protected spinal cord by the skull and the spinal cord is protected by the vertebral column, which helps to protect the CNS from physical trauma. The central nervous system uses electrical and chemical signaling to communicate with the body and other spinal cord systems. The central nervous system has the ability to change and adapt in response to new experiences, a property known as neural plasticity.

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Explanation:

The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V=Bh or V=πr2h . The radius of the cylinder is 8 cm and the height is 15 cm. Substitute 8 for r and 15 for h in the formula V=πr2h .

Mullerian mimicry is a type of mimicry found in nature in which two or more species of animals have evolved to share similar warning signals to potential predators.

What is mimicry?

Mimicry is a behavior in which an animal or person imitates the behavior or appearance of another animal or person. Mimicry can be used for protection, deception, or to attract members of the same species. Examples of mimicry include a bird imitating the call of another species, or a person imitating the behavior of someone else to fit in.

This type of mimicry is named after the German biologist Johann Friedrich Theodor Muller who first described it in 1878. The purpose of this type of mimicry is to increase the effectiveness of the warning signal by making it more likely that predators will recognize it and avoid the mimicking species.

Chemical toxins

Chemical toxins are chemical substances that are toxic to living organisms. They can be naturally occurring, such as toxic metals or plant toxins, or artificially created, such as pesticides or industrial chemicals. Chemical toxins can have a variety of effects on organisms, ranging from mild irritation to death.

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No, Observation of anatomical similarities should not be used alone to group organisms, and DNA and/or amino acid comparisons should also be taken into account when establishing evolutionary relationships. Molecular biology, especially DNA and protein sequence analysis, are considered to be the most effective methods for establishing evolutionary relationships.

DNA and amino acid comparisons, on the other hand, provide information about the genetic makeup and molecular structure of organisms, which can be used to infer evolutionary relationships. For example, the more similar the DNA sequences of two organisms are, the more closely related they are likely to be. Similarly, the more similar the amino acid sequences of proteins in two organisms are, the more closely related they are likely to be.

A combination of anatomical, DNA and amino acid comparisons can provide a more comprehensive understanding of evolutionary relationships among organisms. However, molecular biology, especially DNA and protein sequence analysis, have become the most powerful and accurate method for determining evolutionary relationships. The reason for this is that these molecular data are passed down from one generation to another and are less subject to change than morphological features. This allows for a more direct comparison of evolutionary relationships, particularly at the level of phylogeny.

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the answer to your question is yes

If Delta is displayed on the surface of adjacent cells, and when Notch is activated by its ligand, the intracellular tail of the Notch protein becomes separated from the rest of the protein and allows the intracellular tail to move to the cell’s nucleus and alter the expression of specific genes, then  C. Delta restricts cell communication to short distances within a developing embryo best explains Delta’s role in regulating cell communication through the Notch signaling pathway.

The expression cell communication in a signaling pathway makes reference to the molecular cascade activated by the interaction of biomolecules synthesized by two or more cells

Therefore, with this data, we can see that cell communication in a signaling pathway depends on the biomolecules of the cells.

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A stiff limb structure that performs specific tasks The following characteristics are not used to classify the primate order.

The primates are distinct from less developed animals in that they show distinctive characteristics. They include huge brains, superior eyesight, arboreal adaptation, opposable thumbs, and greater shoulder range of motion. The primates which are most commonly seen include gorillas, monkeys, and apes.

The ability to sit for extended periods of time inside an upright position without relying on the upper limbs for rebalancing, dependence on vision, and diminished sense of smell are all traits that are derived from primates. Other traits include the prehensile finger and big toe, proboscis legs and hands, nails rather than claws just on digits, and the ability to walk upright.

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The majority of ATP created during cellular respiration is used in the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation).

Cellular respiration is the mechanism by which glucose molecules are broken down into [tex]CO_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex] to provide energy from Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, cellular respiration often occurs in an organism's cells by turning the metabolic energy contained in foods into adenosine triphosphate. Additionally, it occurs in three steps, which are the TCA cycle, electron transport, and glycolysis (Oxidative phosphorylation). As a result, the stage of aerobic cellular respiration that produces the most ATPs is called oxidative phosphorylation.

Normally, ATP releases energy by dismantling any weak phosphate cells that may be present. The energy that is released as the phosphate cell disintegrates is then put to use. ADP is created after ATP.

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The ratio is 0.89, and the cells are less efficient at transferring oxygen.

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a red blood cell condition that causes the cells to be smaller and spherical rather than the normal flattened, biconcave form. Normal red blood cells have an average diameter of 7.2μm, while red blood cells in people with HS have an average diameter of 6.7μm. The typical surface area of a normal red blood cell is 136μm^2 and its volume is 91μm^3.

Hereditary spherocytosis is a blood condition that runs in families. It occurs as a result of an issue with the red blood cells (RBCs). The cells are not formed like a disc, but rather like a spherical. These red blood cells (known as spherocytes) are more delicate than disk-shaped RBCs.

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Fungi can be incredibly sophisticated multicellular organisms or single-celled critters.

They can be found in almost any location, but the majority of them prefer to dwell on land, primarily in soil or on plant matter, as opposed to the sea or fresh water.

The decomposers are a group that thrives in the soil or on dead plant matter and is crucial to the cycling of carbon and other elements. Some are parasites of plants that spread illnesses like canker, rust, scabs, and mildew.

Fungal diseases in crops can cause the farmer to lose a lot of money. A very small percentage of fungi can make animals sick. These include skin conditions that affect humans including athletes foot, ringworm, and thrush.

Therefore, Fungi can be incredibly sophisticated multicellular organisms or single-celled critters.

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The complete question is :

1.has positive and negative mating strands, 2. has erect fruiting body and 3.the first fungi to evolve, 4.lives in a varied habitat and exhibits all forms of nutrition. A. chytrid---------------------- and B. common mold-----------, C. sac fungi-------------------, D. club fungi------------------

Answer: True

Explanation:

It makes sense, I took a deep breath of fresh air. There's nothing.

By the way, you put at instead of "a". "I took at deep". It's supposed to be a instead of at

Answer:

Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time and Adaptation.

Explanation:

A snake has scaly skin to keep from drying out in the desert. A cactus has sharp spines and a thick stem that keep water in .Adaptations term describes such traits that help organisms survive.

In biology, there are three related definitions of adaptation. First, natural selection, a dynamic evolutionary process, adapts organisms to their environments, improving their evolutionary fitness. Second, it is a state that the populace has attained along that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic characteristic or adaptive trait that has been preserved and has evolved via natural selection and has a functional purpose in each individual organism.

History has recorded descriptions of adaptation going back to the time of the ancient Greek philosophers Empedocles and Aristotle. Natural theology of the 18th and 19th centuries saw adaptation as proof of the presence of a deity. Charles Darwin suggested that natural selection should be used as the explanation instead.

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Full Question: A snake has scaly skin to keep from drying out in the desert. A cactus has sharp spines and a thick stem that keep water in. Which term describes such traits that help organisms survive ?

Recessive traits

genes

instincts

Adaptations

An ecosystem that has experienced a disruptive event, such as a volcanic eruption, will take time to recover from the effects of the disruption. The recovery process of an ecosystem is a complex, interconnected process between the biotic and abiotic components of a system. The recovery process that follows a disturbance varies depending on the type of disruption and the environment in which it occurs.

When a volcanic eruption occurs, it can release a great deal of ash and debris into the environment, and the effects can be devastating. The ash and debris can severely damage the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the surrounding area, resulting in a loss of habitat, food sources, and other important resources. Additionally, the ash and debris can block sunlight and reduce photosynthesis, which can lead to a decrease in plant growth and a disruption of the food web.

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The number of each ecological term's right definition is as follows: Ecosystem (4, Biotic Components (6), Decomposer (5). These are the terms that are defined in the query.

Omnivores are several types of animals that consume both plants and other animals. They regularly eat a variety of substances, including plants, animals, algae, and fungi. They have the animal kingdom's most adaptable diet. Humans and crows are two examples of omnivorous creatures.

Eagle, owl, and kingfishers hunt for their prey rather than eating dead animals. As scavengers, crows, vultures, and kites consume dead animals. Animals known as scavengers eat rotting and dead vegetation and animals.

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When doing activities that fall under USDA pain categories B, C, or D on the same animal, the animals utilized in the experiment should be placed in USDA category D.

The level of pain that an animal employed in testing and research may experience is categorized using the USDA pain categories. These are the categories:

USDA B: The animal won't experience any type of suffering.

USDA C: The animal may experience sporadic little pain.

USDA D: Excruciating processes that medication will lessen.

USDA E: Excruciating processes that cannot be eased.

According to Category B, the animal won't experience pain. These animals are frequently utilized for breeding, which is a natural procedure that doesn't harm the animals.

In contrast to animals in category E, animals in category D undergo unpleasant or stressful operations and are given anaesthetics and other pharmacological agents to lessen or totally relieve the discomfort.

There is a rigid rule for these categories. Because the experiment will include USDA B, C, and D procedures, the animals must be classified according to the USDA category that will involve the most painful technique.

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The term "monohybrid cross" refers to the mating of organisms with various identical alleles for the same characteristic of a single trait. Thus the correct answer is (A). Monohybrid cross.

Two organisms that have different variations at the same genetic locus are combined to form a monohybrid cross. In a monohybrid cross, two or more mutations at a single gene locus control the character(s) under examination. To carry out such a cross, each parent is chosen to be homozygous or true breeding for a specific trait (locus). The monohybrid ratio, also known as the distribution of second-generation (F2) offspring, is often used to determine if a cross qualifies as a monohybrid cross. It shows a cross between two separate parents, each of whom possesses distinct features and different alleles of the same set of genes. In this creature, two identical genes occur in several forms. A monohybrid cross is created when different organisms with varied identical pair genes for the same trait mate.

The complete question is:

What describes the meeting of organisms that have different homozygous alleles for a single trait?

(a). monohybrid cross

(b). dihybrid cross

(c). homozygous cross

(d). heterozygous cross

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The difference in diversity of species which are present in two different sites cannot be determined just be looking at the number of species.

The diversity of species or species diversity can be defined as the number of different species which are present in an ecosystem and also the abundance of those species. Species diversity changes with change in location.

There are several factors which determine the species diversity. These factors include competition amongst the species, genetic diversity, diversity in habitat etc. These factors can help us determine the difference in species diversity of different locations. We cannot conclude regarding diversity just by looking at the number of species.

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The respiratory system is structured to efficiently deliver clean, moist air into close contact with the blood with the help of alveoli.

Alveoli are tiny air sacs that are found at the ends of bronchioles, and they are responsible for the gas exchange that occurs between the air and the blood. They increase the total surface area and contact between the air we breathe and the blood. Their presence is important for the efficiency of the respiratory system.

The system is also designed to filter and remove any foreign particles present in the inhaled air. This is done through the presence of cilia, mucus, and other mechanisms that help keep the airways clean, the humidification of the air, and the warmth of the air.

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In the ocean, For respiration, marine organisms use oxygen, which converts carbohydrates into energy and produces carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

For marine life, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide are essential. Through the process of photosynthesis, marine plants utilize dissolved carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to produce carbohydrates. The water gets oxygen from this process. All marine organisms respire with oxygen, which breaks down carbohydrates into energy and produces carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. These organs are utilized by fish and other marine animals with gills to extract oxygen from seawater.

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