Even with numerical weather prediction, meteorologists have a difficult time predicting the path of a hurricane more than a day or two into the future because a hurricane's intensity, velocity, and path (or direction) can be affected by a wide range of variables.
Storms of the hurricane variety, as opposed to larger systems like mid-latitude depressions, are more sensitive to these variations in starting circumstances. This makes them substantially harder to predict. When it comes to hurricanes, not only is it more challenging to collect precise input data, but even slight variations in the output can have significant effects.
In order to make an accurate prediction, it is necessary to take precise measurements of the oceanic and atmospheric conditions that feed into the model. Reports from ships and buoys, as well as satellite data and first-hand accounts from aircraft that have flown into a tropical cyclone, all contribute to the body of knowledge we have. These, however, can be hard to come by and are not always sufficient.
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what is the primary geologic process occuring along the san andreas fault
Transform movement is the major geologic procedure occurring along the san andreas fault.
According to the theory of plate tectonics, the San Andreas Fault represents the radically change (strike-slip) boundary between two primary plates of the Earth's crust: the Northern Pacific to the south and west and the North American to the north and east.
Why is San Andreas fault so famous?The San Andreas Fault is the most famous fault in the world. Its notoriety comes partly from the disastrous 1906 San Francisco earthquake, however alternatively extra importantly because it passes thru California, a highly-populated nation that is often in the news.
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Convergent plate boundaries are the kind of plate boundaries that created the thick continental lithosphere beneath the Himalayan ranges.
The Himalayan Mountains are a best example of a continental-continental convergent plate boundary, where two layers of continental crust impacted, compressing and raising the accretionary wedge material to create the mountains.
Mountain ranges that are produced when two continental plates collide or come together. This specific convergent plate boundary which has produced the magnificent Himalaya Mountains.
The Himalayas represent a barrier between two converging continents. Since the continental crust is free to migrate eastward (a process known as "tectonic extrusion") and there are subduction zones all along Asia's east coast, they are still forming.
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the moon’s apparent diameter in the sky is approximately ½°. how long does the moon take to move 360°? about how long does the moon take to move a distance equal to its own diameter across the sky?
The moon will take 24 hours to to move 360°. The moon takes 59 minutes to move a distance equal to its own diameter across the sky.
The moon is an astronomical body that orbits around the Earth and can be observed in the sky. The moon's apparent diameter in the sky is approximately ½°. This means that, as the moon moves across the sky, it appears to be about ½° in size.
To understand how long the moon takes to move 360°, we need to consider the moon's orbital period. The moon's orbital period is the time it takes for the moon to complete one full orbit around the Earth. This period is approximately 27.3 days.
So, if the moon moves 360° in 27.3 days, then it would take the moon approximately 1 day (24 hours) to move 360°/27.3 = 13.2°.
Regarding how long the moon takes to move a distance equal to its own diameter across the sky, we can use the formula:
distance = speed x time
The moon's average speed as it orbits the Earth is approximately 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h).
So, if the moon's diameter is approximately ½° and the moon's average speed is 1,000 mph, then we can calculate the time it takes for the moon to move a distance equal to its diameter as:
time = distance ÷ speed = ½° ÷ (13.2°/day) ÷ (24 hours/day) = approximately 59 minutes.
In conclusion, it takes the moon approximately 59 minutes to move a distance equal to its own diameter across the sky.
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two planets both have the same semimajor axis and orbit around the sun. one planets is the mass of earth, one is the mass of jupiter. which one has a longer orbital period?
Two planets both have the same semimajor axis and orbit around the sun. one planets is the mass of earth, one is the mass of jupiter. Jupiter has a longer orbital period.
The orbital period is proportional to r^(3/2) and does not depend on the satellite's mass. Any object at Jupiter's position will have the same orbital period regardless of mass. The correct answer is 11.9 yr.In an elliptical orbit that takes about 365 and a half days to complete, the Earth rotates on its axis, creating day and night. The orbital plane is tilted in relation to the Earth's rotation axis. This brings about seasons.
Earth's orbit would have been more elliptical had the throw's momentum been greater, and it might have been completely ejected from the solar system forever. The Ecliptic is a two-dimensional plane that is defined by the Earth's orbit. The earth's rotation around the sun takes about 365 days.
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what's the weather like living in tennessee?
Answer:
Really bad.
Explanation:
The summers are hot and muggy, the winters are very cold and wet, and it is partly cloudy year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 31°F to 90°F and is rarely below 16°F or above 96°F.
Moderate weather is the weather like living in tennessee.Tennessee has neither blistering summers nor frigid winters.
The weather of Tennessee, the summers are hot and muggy, the winters are very cold and wet, and it is partly cloudy year round. Yearly average temperatures in tennessee come in at 40 degrees for winters and around 83 degrees during summers.
Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Nashville Tennessee, United States. In Nashville, the summers are hot and muggy, the winters are very cold and wet, and it is partly cloudy year round.
Tennessee has a moderate climate featuring cool, but not cold, winters and warm summers. The drop in elevation causes temperatures to rise significantly from east to west.
Here are the five little winters and when they occur in Tennessee:
Redbud Winter: early April.
Dogwood Winter: late April.
Locust Winter: early May.
Blackberry Winter: mid May.
Britches Winter: late May.
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how is the thickness of the lithosphere going to change as it moves away from a divergent plate boundary?
The thickness of the lithosphere increases as it moves away from a divergent plate boundary due to the solidification of new crust formed by the upwelling of magma from the mantle.
The lithosphere, which is composed of the Earth's crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, increases in thickness as it moves away from a divergent plate boundary. This is because of the solidification of new crust that is formed by the upwelling of magma from the mantle below.
This process occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing a gap in the Earth's crust which allows the molten magma to move upward and create new lithosphere. This process, known as seafloor spreading, helps to build the lithosphere, making it thicker and more resilient over time.
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the north american interior experiences continental climate, which has little seasonal variation in its temperature range.
The North American interior experiences a continental climate, which is characterized by a lack of significant seasonal variation in temperature range. In this type of climate, the temperature range remains relatively stable throughout the year, resulting in moderate to cold temperatures.
The temperature range in a continental climate is primarily influenced by the large landmass and the distance from large bodies of water. In contrast to coastal regions, which are moderated by the ocean, the interior of North America experiences greater temperature extremes due to its distance from the moderating influence of the ocean. During the winter months, the interior experiences colder temperatures due to the cold air masses that move southward from the polar regions. During the summer months, the interior experiences warm temperatures as warm air masses move northward from the tropics.
However, despite these seasonal temperature fluctuations, the temperature range in the North American interior remains relatively stable throughout the year. This is because the interior is located far from the moderating influence of the ocean, and the large landmass acts as a heat sink, absorbing and retaining heat. This results in a more gradual transition of temperatures, leading to a smaller seasonal variation in temperature range compared to coastal regions.
In conclusion, the North American interior experiences a continental climate, which is characterized by a relatively stable temperature range throughout the year. The temperature range in this region is influenced by the large landmass, distance from large bodies of water, and the movement of air masses.
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Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies used to prevent desertification.
Evaluate the
Use Figure 3 and your own understanding.
Answer:KJHGFD
Explanation:kjhgfddds
What did Wegener's continental drift theory proposed in 1915?
Wegener's continental drift theory proposed in 1915 is continental landmasses were “drifting” across the Earth, sometimes plowing through oceans and into each other.
In that time Wegener wrote a paper outlining his notion that the continents were "drifting" across the Earth, occasionally crashing through oceans and into one another, in the early 20th century. He referred to it as continental drift.
The Wegener's theory was largely rejected since he offered no explanation for how the continents might move. He believed that the spin of the Earth might move continents, but geologists know that rocks are too strong for this to be true.
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the distance from the center of the earth to the center of the moon is known as...
A semi major axis generally can be defined as the distance from the center of the earth to the center of the moon. The distance from the center of earth to the center of the moon is predicted about 384,399 km or 238,854 mi.
In the term of geology and mathematics, The Semi-Major Axis also can be called as SMA. Semi major axis generally can be defined as the distance from the center of an ellipse to the longer end of the ellipse. But in the term of geology, semi major axis or known as SMA can be defined as he distance from the center of the earth to the center of the moon. The value of semi major axis is predicted about 384,399 km or 238,854 mi.
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Why are floodplains some of the most heavily populated areas on earth?
Floodplains are some of the most heavily populated areas on Earth for a variety of reasons.
First, they often provide fertile land for agriculture, which is important for sustaining a large population. Additionally, floodplains are often located near rivers, which can provide a source of transportation, as well as a source of clean drinking water. Additionally, the low elevation of floodplains makes them more prone to flooding, which can create a natural defense against enemies and help protect the population. Finally, floodplains are often located near other important resources, such as minerals and timber, which can help support and sustain a large population.Learn more about Floodplains at: https://brainly.com/question/1000851
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Most of what is known about the Earth's early planetary history comes from _____________? a. the sparse geologic record from 3.5 billion years ago
b. computer models of atmospheres changing with time
c. comparing Earth to its planetary neighbors, Venus and Mars
d. all of the above answers are correct
e. none of the above answers are correct
Answer:
The correct answer is d. All of the above answers are correct. Most of what is known about the Earth's early planetary history comes from the sparse geologic record from 3.5 billion years ago, computer models of atmospheres changing with time, and comparing Earth to its planetary neighbors, Venus and Mars. By studying the compositions and structures of planets, scientists can gain valuable insight into how they formed and how they have changed throughout the history of the Solar System
Answer choice (d) can be considered correct because all of the options presented could provide insights into the Earth's early planetary history.
What is planetary history?Planetary history refers to the study of the formation, evolution, and geologic processes of planets, including the Earth. It involves the investigation of the physical and chemical changes that have occurred over billions of years, as well as the exploration of the various geological features and events that have shaped the planet.
The sparse geologic record from 3.5 billion years ago can provide direct evidence of the types of rocks and minerals that existed on the early Earth, as well as any processes that may have shaped them. Computer models of atmospheres changing with time can simulate the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere, including changes in temperature, chemical composition, and atmospheric pressure, providing insights into how these factors may have affected the Earth's early history. Comparing Earth to its planetary neighbors, Venus and Mars, can also provide insights into the Earth's early history. For example, similarities or differences in the composition or structure of these planets can provide clues about the early solar system and how different planets evolved.
Therefore, answer choice (d) can be considered correct because all of the options presented could provide insights into the Earth's early planetary history.
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During Richard Lee’s ethnographic research in the Kalahari, he was surpriseto learn that:One event of generosity can erase long-term inequalityChristmas was an important celebration among the Kalahari BushmenCorrect!Ridiculing and making fun of someone can be a leveling mechanismOne of the best qualities of hunters is their arrogance
Richard Lee was an anthropologist who conducted field research among the Kalahari Bushmen in Africa. During his research, he made several interesting observations about the social dynamics and cultural practices of this indigenous group. Here's a closer look at some of the findings he mentioned in his work.
One event of generosity can erase long-term inequality: Lee found that among the Kalahari Bushmen, generosity was highly valued and considered to be an important aspect of social relationships. He observed that even a single act of generosity could help to repair damaged relationships and erase long-term inequalities between individuals.
Christmas was an important celebration among the Kalahari Bushmen: Despite the fact that the Kalahari Bushmen were not Christian, Lee found that Christmas was an important celebration for them. They would gather together to sing, dance, and exchange gifts with one another, a tradition that demonstrated their sense of community and solidarity.
One of the best qualities of hunters is their arrogance: Lee's research showed that among the Kalahari Bushmen, hunters were considered to be some of the most respected and admired members of the community. He found that their confidence and arrogance was seen as a positive trait, reflecting their hunting skills and the respect they commanded from others.
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which type of haze is most common on a hot humid day in july here in central pennsylvania?
On a hot, muggy day in central Pennsylvania in July, atmospheric or air pollution haze is most likely to be present. This form of haze is brought on by air pollutants like industrial emissions and automobile exhaust.
The term "summer haze" or "atmospheric instability haze" refers to the particular kind of haze that is most prevalent in central Pennsylvania in July on a hot and muggy day. Heat, humidity, and air pollution all contribute to the formation of this kind of haze, which is brought on by rising air currents that mix the contaminants in the lower atmosphere. Reduced vision and a hazy look in the sky are characteristics of the summer haze. Pennsylvania, often known as the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state in the Northeastern, Appalachian, Great Lakes, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.
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What similarity measure (defined on two time series) would you use if you want to know whichcities have a similar temperature profile as your current city?
If you want to know which cities have a similar temperature profile to your current city, you might use a similarity measure defined on two time series.
One commonly used similarity measure is Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). DTW is a method for comparing two time series and finding the optimal alignment between them, based on the minimum cumulative distance between their points.
In the context of temperature profiles, DTW could be used to compare the temperature time series of your current city to the temperature time series of other cities, in order to determine which cities have a similar temperature profile.
DTW is particularly useful when the time series have different lengths or non-uniform time intervals, and when there are shifts or non-linear changes in the series. DTW can handle these issues by warping or stretching the time axis to align the two series, which makes it a flexible and robust method for time series comparison.
In conclusion, if you want to compare the temperature profiles of different cities, using the Dynamic Time Warping similarity measure would be a good choice.
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Why all lines of longitude converge or meet at the two poles?
Longitude lines converge. This is due to the spherical nature of the earth and the use of lines of longitude to indicate to mariners which direction was true north as determined by the location of the north star.
Why do longitudes at polar points converge?Because North and South are essentially constant and absolute, longitude is convergent. When you approach a north or south "pole," you are unable to move further in that direction.
All latitudinal lines, therefore, come together at the poles. Mercator longitude axes, often known as great circles, are longitude lines. Unlike lines of latitude, which are of the same length, circles of longitude are not parallel and instead converge as they approach the poles.
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which of the following is not one of the zones in burgess’s concentric zone hypothesis?
According to Burgess' concentric zone theory, the zone of urban villages is not one of the zones. Concentric zone, sector, and many nuclei are the three main models of the geometry of city structure that ecological experts have discovered over time.
Burgess put forth a descriptive urban land use model in 1925 that segmented cities into circles that grew outward from the centre to the suburbs. Burgess based this picture on his observations of various American cities, particularly Chicago, for which he offered empirical support.
The bid rent curve was produced with the aid of Burgess' work. According to this hypothesis, the concentric circles represent what people are willing to pay for the land. Based on the profits that can be made by continuing to operate a business on the land, this value has been determined.
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which of the following is the characteristic profile shape of a valley carved by alpine glaciers?
Valley glaciers sculpt U-shaped valleys as opposed to the V-shaped valleys created by rivers. When the climate on Earth cools, glaciers form and start to move downhill.
During glaciation, u-shaped valleys are formed, often called trough valleys or glacial troughs. They are particularly typical of glaciation in mountains. In cross-section, they feature a distinctive U shape with steep, straight sides and a flat or rounded bottom. Glaciers that are sliding downward and scouring the land with friction as gravity pulls them from the top of an elevated location to the bottom are the cause of U-shaped valleys.
The glacier's enormous size and weight result in the formation of a thick layer of ice and water beneath the ice mass. When the climate on Earth cools, glaciers form and start to move downhill. They frequently choose the shortest route and settle in the small, V-shaped valleys that originally belonged to rivers.
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What are the four major geological processes that have shaped the surfaces of terrestrial planets and the moon
The four major geological processes are the impact cratering, volcanism, tectonics, and erosion. Earth has experienced many impacts, but most craters have been erased by the other processes.
What are tectonics?The processes known as plate tectonics govern the characteristics and changes in the Earth's crust over geological time. These include the formation of mountains, the development and behavior of cratons, which are the strong, ancient cores of continents, and the interactions between the comparatively rigid plates that make up the Earth's outer shell. Along with explaining how earthquake and volcanic belts, which directly impact a large portion of the world's population, are understood, tectonics also provides a framework. For economic geologists looking for ore deposits of metallic and nonmetallic resources as well as fossil fuels, tectonic studies are crucial as a guide. Geomorphologists use their knowledge of tectonic principles to explain erosion patterns and other Earth surface phenomena.
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What are 4 examples of land?
Answer:
Urban/Built-up Land.
Agricultural Land.
Rangeland.
Forest Land.
Water Areas.
The land includes - Surface of the earth like plains, plateaus, mountains, etc.
Land is the solid portion of Earth's surface that is not covered by an ocean or other large body of water. It is also referred to as dry land, ground, or earth. It comprises every continent and island on Earth and accounts for 29.2% of its surface. The regolith, or outer layer of the crust made up of rock, soil, and minerals, covers the majority of the Earth's land surface. The carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles all involve land, which is crucial to the climate system of the planet. Ten percent of the land is covered in permanent snow and glaciers, another ten percent is used for agriculture, and one third of the land is covered in trees.Mountains, deserts, plains, plateaus, glaciers, and other landforms make up the vastly different land terrain. Physical geology, theTo know more about land here
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Latitude and Longitude Practice
Using the "Cities Around the World" Map...please answer the following Latitude and
Longitude related questions.
Please Give the Latitude and Longitude Coordinates for the following cities...
St. Petersburg, Russia
Mombasa, Tanzania
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Melbourne, Australia
Los Angeles, California
Istanbul, Turkey
Please Label the Following features on map...
1) Prime Meridian 2) Equator 3) North Pole 4) South Pole
Please "MARK & Label" the Letters below on the "Cities Around the World"
Map at the given coordinates. (Also identify the Geo feature in the space provided)
"A" = 63°N, 19° W What island country is this?
"B" = 18° N, 90 ° W
What peninsula is this?
"C" = 22°S, 45°E
What island country is this?
"D" = 2°S, 33°E What Lake is here?
"E" = 42°N, 142°E What island is this?
The Latitude and Longitude Coordinates for the given cities are:
St. Petersburg, Russia: 59.939° N, 30.316° EMombasa, Tanzania: 4.05° S, 39.67° ERio de Janeiro, Brazil: 22.91° S, 43.17° WMelbourne, Australia: 37.83° S, 144.98° ELos Angeles, California: 34.05° N, 118.24° WIstanbul, Turkey: 41.01° N, 28.95° EThe Geo feature of the given space are:
63°N, 19°W is located in Iceland.18°N, 90°W is located in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico.22°S, 45°E is located in Madagascar.2°S, 33°E is located near Lake Victoria in East Africa.42°N, 142°E is located on the northern island of Hokkaido, Japan.What are Latitude and Longitude used for?Latitude and longitude are coordinate systems that can be used to determine and describe the position or location of any point on the Earth's surface.
The grid system that allows us to identify absolute, or exact, locations on the Earth's surface is made up of latitude and longitude. Latitude and longitude can be used to pinpoint specific locations. Latitude and longitude are also useful for locating landmarks.
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how can we describe the location of an object in the local sky?
Astronomers utilise a unique Space reference system to pinpoint an object's location in the sky.
The celestial coordinate system is the name given to it. This system is comparable to the one used to find items on the surface of the Earth. It makes measurements based on established lines or reference locations.
The apparent angular location of every given star in the sky, which seems fixed onto a random sphere centred on Earth, is known as the star position. Right ascension and declination, two angular coordinates in relation to the celestial equator, serve as the location's defining characteristics. Every celestial object, like buildings, has two coordinates that fix its location: right ascension and declination, also known as the object's celestial coordinates. Latitude and right ascension are correlated with declination.
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What place in the original solar nebula was cold enough for ice to form?
Answer:
the frost line
Explanation:
Ice formed in the outer regions of the original solar nebula, where temperatures were cold enough for water vapor and other volatile substances to condense into solid ice.
This region, known as the "snow line," is thought to have been located at about 3-4 astronomical units (AU) from the sun, where temperatures were low enough for water ice to persist. Beyond the snow line, water and other volatile compounds were abundant and could contribute to the formation of large, icy objects such as comets and Kuiper Belt objects.
In the inner regions of the nebula, where temperatures were too high for ice to form, volatile compounds were mostly evaporated, leading to the formation of rocky and metal-rich objects like the inner planets.
The snow line played a key role in the formation and evolution of the solar system, as it divided the nebula into two distinct regions with different chemical compositions and helped to determine the types of objects that could form in each region.
This division helped to shape the early architecture of the solar system, including the formation of the gas giants and the distribution of planetary masses and orbits.
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the magnitude of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems.true or false
The given statement about “The magnitude of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems” is false because the coordinate system does not affect vectors.
Vectors are often defined by their magnitude as well as the direction in which they point. Since magnitude and direction are independent of coordinates, they will not change even if a different coordinate system is used because they will continue to have the same values. Therefore, the choice of a coordinate system is irrelevant because the amount and direction of the effect will not change regardless of which system you use. On the other hand, if you want to, you can disassemble the vector into its component parts.
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Land surfaces heat more rapidly than water for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
a. Land has a lower specific heat than water, so land heats up much faster when exposed to the same energy as water.
b. The sun's rays penetrate water more deeply than land, so water is better at transmitting radiation.
c. Ocean currents disperse heat energy from the ocean's surface.
d. Human activities that generate heat such as heating houses and manufacturing heat the land.
e. Water cools the surface as it evaporates and there is more water to evaporate off of the ocean than off of land.
Option (d), For the following reasons, terrestrial surfaces warm up more quickly than water, EXCEPT when people engage in heat-producing activities like heating homes and factories.
Why does land warm up quicker than water's surface?Basic physics dictates that land should warm up more quickly than oceans when extra heat is put into the climate system. The reason for this is that since land has a lower "heat capacity" than water, it needs less energy to raise its temperature.
Why heats up faster in soil than in water?Because water has a higher specific heat than dry soil, it absorbs and releases heat more slowly than land. Due to the fact that water can hold a lot of heat, big bodies of water frequently have a cooling effect on nearby land.
What two factors cause the interiors of terrestrial planets to heat up?Typically, the size of a planet affects how much heat it produces. Conduction and convection move this heat from the interior to the surface when radioactive atoms decay inside.
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Between what latitudes do the Sun's most direct rays hit?
The Sun's most direct rays hit the Earth between the latitudes of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.5 degrees north of the equator and marks the northernmost point where the Sun is directly overhead at noon during the summer solstice.
The Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23.5 degrees south of the equator and marks the southernmost point where the Sun is directly overhead at noon during the winter solstice.
In these regions, the Sun's rays are the most intense and provide the greatest amount of heat and light to the Earth's surface.
These latitudes are also known as the tropical regions and are characterized by warm temperatures, high humidity, and abundant vegetation.
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contour lines on topographic maps connect points of equal . contours appear as heavier lines on topographic maps and have numbers for a specific elevation. the difference in elevation between contour lines is called the
In a topographic map, there are various types of lines and symbols that can be used to describe the shape of the earth's surface. One type of line that can be used is contour lines. These contour lines are used to describe the elevation or depression of the earth's surface. In making these contour lines there is what is called the interval which describes the difference in height between each contour line.
The question is incomplete, but most probably your question was:
Contour lines on topographic maps connect points of equal _____
_____ contours appear as heavier lines on topographic maps and have numbers for a specific elevation.
The difference in elevation between contour lines is called the _____
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the papal states were ruled from which italian city?
The papal states were ruled from an Italian city known as Rome. The States also referred to as the Pontifical States, were ruled by the Pope (a temporal ruler) at the time that the United States declared independence from Great Britain in 1776.
What should we know about papal states?From 756 to 1870, the Papal States were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope. They were one of Italy's major states from the eighth century until the country's unification in 1859 and 1870.
The state arose from the spread of Christianity throughout Italy, as well as the growing influence of the Christian Church. With the decline of the Byzantine Empire in Italy by the mid-eighth century, the Papacy effectively became sovereign. Several Christian rulers, including the Frankish kings Charlemagne and Pepin the Short, also gave lands to the Church to govern.
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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
A
The Equinox occurs twice each year- 21 March and 24 September.
B
The shortest day in the the northern hemisphere is on 22 December.
C
When the northern hemisphere experiences winter solstice, the southern hemisphere is experiencing summer solstice.
D
Equinox is characterised by an equal duration of day and night.
Equinox refers to a time of the year when the sun's direct rays shine over the equator, leading to nearly equal daylight and nighttime hours across the planet.
Here's an explanation of each statement:A) True. The equinox occurs twice each year, on approximately March 20th or 21st and September 22nd or 23rd. On these days, the sun rises exactly in the east and sets exactly in the west, providing roughly equal periods of daylight and nighttime.
B) False. The shortest day in the northern hemisphere occurs on the winter solstice, which usually occurs around December 21st or 22nd. During the winter solstice, the northern hemisphere experiences the least amount of daylight for the year, with the sun rising later and setting earlier.
C) True. The Earth's tilt on its axis causes the seasons, and when the northern hemisphere is experiencing winter solstice, the southern hemisphere is experiencing summer solstice and vice versa. This means that when it's winter in the north, it's summer in the south and vice versa.
D) True. An equinox is characterized by an equal duration of day and night, as the sun rises exactly in the east and sets exactly in the west. During an equinox, the sun's direct rays shine over the equator, leading to nearly equal daylight and nighttime hours across the planet.
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oceanic lithosphere contains oceanic crust and the __________.
Oceanic lithosphere contains oceanic crust and the upper mantle.
Oceanic crust and the upper mantle are parts of the oceanic lithosphere. The change in chemical composition that occurs at the Moho discontinuity separates the crust from the upper mantle. As the oceanic lithosphere ages and moves away from the mid-ocean ridge, it gets thicker.
The oceanic lithosphere thickens due to conductive cooling, which turns heated asthenosphere into the lithospheric mantle and makes it denser over time. For a few tens of millions of years, the oceanic lithosphere is less dense than the asthenosphere, but after that, it becomes steadily denser than the asthenosphere.
Due to the gravitational instability of the mature oceanic lithosphere, the oceanic lithosphere always dips beneath the overriding lithosphere, which can be either oceanic or continental, in subduction zones.
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