Relative supersaturation refers to the excess amount of solute present in a solution compared to its equilibrium concentration. It is an important parameter that affects the nucleation and growth of crystals from solution. In this case, we are interested in the effect of relative supersaturation on the primary, homogeneous nucleation of BaSO4 from an aqueous solution at 25°C, given the crystal density and interfacial tension.
Homogeneous nucleation occurs when nucleation sites are created spontaneously throughout the solution, without any external influence. It is a stochastic process that depends on the concentration of the solute, temperature, and interfacial tension. The critical relative supersaturation, S*, is the minimum value of supersaturation required for the onset of nucleation. Below S*, no nucleation occurs, while above S*, nucleation becomes spontaneous and rapid.
The expression for S* is given by the classical nucleation theory as:
S* = (2γv/ρkTln(S))^(1/2)
where γv is the interfacial tension, ρ is the crystal density, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and S is the relative supersaturation.
Substituting the given values, we get:
S* = (2 x 0.12 J/m2 x (4.50 g/cm3) / (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K x 298 K x ln(S)))^(1/2)
Simplifying this expression, we get:
S* = (4.32 x 10^12 / ln(S))^(1/2)
Now, let's assume a relative supersaturation value of 1.5. Substituting this value in the above equation, we get:
S* = (4.32 x 10^12 / ln(1.5))^(1/2)
S* = 3.94 x 10^6
This means that the critical relative supersaturation for homogeneous nucleation of BaSO4 from an aqueous solution at 25°C is 3.94 x 10^6. Any relative supersaturation value above this will lead to spontaneous and rapid nucleation of BaSO4 crystals. It is important to note that this value is only an estimate based on the classical nucleation theory and may not accurately reflect the actual nucleation behavior in a real system.
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O1S. Answer the following questions using Boyle's law:
a. A gas at 1.00 atm occupies 5.00 L. What would be the pres
sure with the volume at 10.0 L if the temperature remains
constant?
we have recent
Answer: 0.5 atm
Explanation:
you would want to use Boyles law which is P1P2=P2V2
or in this case, 1.00atm x 5.00L=P2 x 10.0L
1.00x5.00/10.00= 0.50atm
Atom 1 has 6 electrons. It gains 2 more electrons from atom 2 which has 5 electrons. Who will be in charge of Atom 1 and Atom 2?
Answer:
Atom 1 after gaing 2 electrons have -2 charge
And atom 2 after donating 2 electrons have +2 charge
Explanation:
Na on the periodic table is the symbol for what?
Answer:
sodium
Explanation:
Na is the symbol for sodium on the periodic table
Answer: Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin "natrium") and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23 Na.
Explanation:
As a team, determine the rules for naming binary ionic compounds that have a "special" transition metal in it when given the formula.
Answer:
Metal name (charge in roman numerals) Non metal
for example Iron (III) chloride
Explanation:
The rule for naming special transition metal are as follows -
a) First name the transition metal
b) Now write the name of the non metal in the chemical formula.
c) Write the charge for the non metal.
d) If there is a polyatomic ion, write the Common Ion Table ,its formula and charge.
e) Based on the total charge on the non-metal or polyatomic ion, deduce the total charge on the transition metal
f) Write the charge of transition metal after the name of metal in Roman Numeral in parentheses
Which changes would cause an increase in the resistance of a wire? Check all that apply.
increasing its temperature
decreasing its temperature
using a longer wire
using a shorter wire
m using a thicker wire
using a thinner wire
Answer:
Increasing its temperature.
Longer
and thinner
Explanation:
e2021
The resistance of a wire increases by increasing its temperature, using a longer wire and using a thinner wire.
Resistivity of a wireThe resistivity of wire describes the opposition to the flow of current in the wire.
[tex]R = \frac{\rho L}{A} \\\\\rho = \frac{RA}{L} \ (ohm-meter)[/tex]
where;
R is the resistance (ohms)ρ is resistivity of the wire (ohm-meter)L is length of the wire (m)A is area of the wire (m²)From the formula above, the resistance of a wire increases with
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What conclusion can be drawn from the fact that water can decompose into oxygen and hydrogen?
Answer:
hydrogen is collected at negative chose and oxygen is collected at positive anode. Hydrogen is double in volume than oxygen. 2H2O = 2H2 + O2.
Explanation:
and GAMER PHROG
Predict the approximate molecular geometry of a formaldehyde molecule:
Answer:
trigonal planar geometry
Explanation:
The molecule, formaldehyde , has three regions of electron density around the molecule. The carbon atom is the central atom in the molecule of formaldehyde.
Recall that each bond around the central carbon atom in formaldehyde- both single and double are counted as a single region of electron density. Molecules having three regions of electron density around the central atom have a trigonal planar geometry.
What effect does this added energy have on the temperature, pressure, and number of collisions?
Answer: Increasing the temperature increases reaction rates because of the disproportionately large increase in the number of high energy collisions. It is only these collisions (possessing at least the activation energy for the reaction) which result in a reaction.
Explanation:
Name the element which has twice the number of electrons in its second shell as in the first shell write it's electronic configuration also.
how many molecules are there in 1.5 mol of methane
Answer: A mole of something means that there are 6.02 X 10^23 of that something. So, a mole of methane molecules is 6.02 X 10^23 methane molecules. So, 1.5 moles of methane will contain 1.5*(6.02 X 10^23) = 9.0 X 10^23 methane molecules
Explanation:
Which type of model is described below? A scientist thinks of the inside of a tree as being like a giant straw that can suck up water A. Atomic model B. Physical model C. Mathematical model D. Conceptual model
Answer:
B. Physical model
Explanation:
Out of the four of them this is the one that makes the most sense
For the rxn CaCo3(s)+2Hcl(aq)_CaCl(aq)+Ca2(g)+H2O(l)68.1 g solid CaCo3 is mixed with 51.6Hcl what number of grams of Co2 will be produced
Answer:
29.9 g of CO₂ will be produced by the reaction.
Explanation:
This is the reaction:
CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl₂(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)
First of all, we state the moles of each reactant:
68.1 g . 1mol/ 100.08g = 0.680 mol of carbonate
51.6 g . 1 mol/36.45g = 1.46 mol of acid.
The solid salt is the limiting reactant. Ratio is 2:1
2 moles of acid can react to 1 mol of salt
1.46 mol of acid may react with (1.46 . 1)/2 = 0.727 moles
As we only have 0.680 moles of salt, we do not have enough.
Let's work at the product side. Ratio is 1:1
1 mo of salt can produce 1 mol of gas
0.680 moles will produce 0.680 moles of gas
We convert the moles to mass → 0.680 mol . 44g / 1mol = 29.9 g of CO₂
The number of grams of Co2 should be produced is 29.9 g.
Calculation of the number of grams:Since
CaCO₃(s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl₂(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)
So,
68.1 g . 1mol/ 100.08g = 0.680 mol of carbonate
51.6 g . 1 mol/36.45g = 1.46 mol of acid.
Now the ratio should be 2:1 for the solid salt
And, there is 2 moles of acid can react to 1 mol of salt
So,
1.46 mol of acid may react with (1.46 . 1)/2 = 0.727 moles
Now the product side the ratio is 1:1
So, that means
1 mo of salt can produce 1 mol of gas
So, the no of grams should be
= 0.680 mol . 44g / 1mol
= 29.9 g of CO₂
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Drag each label to the correct location.
We use specific words to describe each type of change in state. Label the arrows to describe the changes of state they
represent
gas
liquid
solid
melting freezing condensation
evaporation sublimation
deposition
According to the enthalpy diagram below, which of the following statements is true?
Arrows A and D represent the enthalpy of the intermediate chemical reactions.
Arrow C represents the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction.
Arrow C indicates that the third intermediate reaction is exothermic.
Arrow B indicates that the second intermediate reaction is exothermic.
According to the enthalpy diagram true statement is that Arrow C indicates that third intermediate reaction is exothermic in nature.
What is enthalpy of reaction?Enthalpy of the reaction gives idea about the exchange of heat during the whole chemical reaction process.
Arrow A and Arrow B represents that first and second intermediate reaction is endothermic.Arrow C indicates that third intermediate reaction is exothermic in nature.Hence Arrow C indicates that the third intermediate reaction is exothermic is true statement.
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Answer: c
Explanation:
Plants absorb water in the soil through their roots and pump this water up to deliver
nutrients to their leaves. This pumping is driven by the evaporation of water through
small pores on the undersides of leaves. What is this process called?
A)germination
B)pollination
C)respiration
D)transpiration
calculate 28.1g of silicon to moles
Answer:
2.53•10^23 atoms
Explanation:
23 is the exponent btw
SCIENCE
Does combustion need oxygen?
A. Yes
B. No
Answer: a. Yes
Explanation:
Answer:
A. yes
Explanation:
In order to burn this fuel, oxygen is needed, as it is with any fire. The waste products from the combustion process are water and carbon dioxide. Thus, we breathe because oxygen is needed to burn the fuel (sugars and fatty acids) in our cells to produce energy The air we breathe contains about 21% oxygen.
3. What causes the plates to be pulled apart?
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
Hot magma rises from the mantle at mid-ocean ridges pushing the plates apart. Earthquakes occur along the fractures that appear as the plates move apart.:
how much kg is equal to what g
Answer:
1kg= 1000 grams hope it helps
The desert climate or arid climate, is a climate which there is an excess of evaporation over precipitation. During the days, the temperatures are very high and dry. During nightfall, temperatures drop dramatically and it gets very cold. In three to four sentences, describe one plant and one animal that you would expect to find in the arid biome. Support your answer with the abiotic factors in the biome. *
These desert dwelling, nocturnal creatures are very tough and low maintenance. Scorpions' exoskeletons and venomous stingers give them great protection, and their low food and water needs and ability to slow down their metabolism allow them to survive in the harshest environments.
Complete the sentence. Atoms form chemical bonds to satisfy the rule and to become Å Done Intro -
Answer:
Sorry
Explanation:
I m very sorry I don't know this
PLEASE HELP ME!!! I AM DESPERATE!!!
What causes infrared light to hit the ground?
Answer: The water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other trace gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb the longer wavelength. These are all reasons why infrared waves hit the ground.
The water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other trace gases in the earth's atmosphere absorb the longer wavelength. These are all reasons why infrared waves a part of electromagnetic spectrum hit the ground.
What is electromagnetic spectrum?The electromagnetic radiation consists of waves made up of electromagnetic field which are capable of propogating through space and carry the radiant electromagnetic energy.
The radiation are composed of electromagnetic waves which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields . They are created due to change which is periodic in electric as well as magnetic fields.
In vacuum ,all the electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed that is with the speed of air.The position of an electromagnetic wave in an electromagnetic spectrum is characterized by it's frequency or wavelength.They are emitted by electrically charged particles which undergo acceleration and subsequently interact with other charged particles.
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Karla is reading about a type of single-celled microorganism that can live inside the human body. This type of organism can either be harmful or harmless to people, depending on the type. One harmless type lives in the intestines and helps the body digest food. One harmful type can cause strep throat. Which type of organism is Karla most likely reading about?
A bacteria
B fungi
C parasites
D viruses
please help
Answer:
its bacteria
Explanation:
Single-celled organisms can directly take in nutrients from their outside ... Figure 1. The digestive systems of representative animals. Images from ... There are two types of animal body plans as well as two locations fordigestion to occur
Answer:
A bacteria
Explanation:
i did it LOL
What is the symbol for Sodium?
Na
S
If one DNA strand reads CCGTAATGCAT, what will be the sequence of the complimentary strand?
Answer:
GGCATTACGTA
Explanation:
Complimentary pairs are G-C and A-T
Describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in liquid stearic acid.
Answer:
Its density is exactly the same as that of pure stearic acid. Its boiling point is the same as that of pure stearic acid. Its melting point is different from pure stearic acid.
name three layers of our skin
1. Which word has the same phoneme as grew, rude, and truth?
A. thumb
B. sure
C. look
D. scoot
Answer:
B-Sorry if this isn't right :/ Good luck.
Explanation:
Answer:
D. Scoot
Explanation:
Grew, Rude and truth all have the sound /OO/ scoot follows that pattern.
What are Rhodium isotopes used for?
Answer:
Rhodium is used to make electrical contacts, as jewelry and in catalytic converters, but is most frequently used as an alloying agent in other materials, such as platinum and palladium. These alloys are used to make such things as furnace coils, electrodes for aircraft spark plugs and laboratory crucibles.
Explanation:
please help!!! will give brainliest!!! 30 points! (need to put roman numeral in answer)
1. Nickel (II) Bromide
2. Iron (II) Oxide
3. Iron (III) Oxide
4. Tin (IV) Chloride
5. Lead (IV) tetrachloride
6. Tin (II) Bromide
7. Chromium (III) Phosphide
8. Iron (II) Fluoride
9. Gold (III) Chloride
I hope this helps. I'm more than 100% sure that all the answers except for number 7 are correct. I knew all of them off the top of my head except for this one. I hope the other answer has the correct answer for that one. Good luck and have a great day.