Solution :
Given :
The bonds offer a [tex]\text{real interest rate}[/tex] of 4.5% per year
Tax rate = 10% = 0.10
Inflation rate = 2
[tex]\text{Nominal interest rate}[/tex] = [tex]\text{real interest rate}[/tex] + [tex]\text{inflation rate}[/tex]
[tex]\text{Nominal interest rate}[/tex] = 2 + 4.5
= 6.5
[tex]\text{After tax nominal rate}[/tex] = [tex]\text{Nominal interest rate}[/tex] [tex]$\times (1-\text{tax rate})$[/tex]
[tex]\text{After tax nominal interest rate}[/tex] = [tex]$6.5 \times (1-0.10)$[/tex]
[tex]$=6.5 \times 0.90$[/tex]
= 5.85
After tax real interest rate = [tex]\text{after tax nominal rate}[/tex] - [tex]\text{inflation rate}[/tex]
= 5.85 - 2.0
= 3.85
[tex]\text{Inflation rate}[/tex] = 7.0
[tex]\text{Real interest rate = 4.5}[/tex]
[tex]\text{Nominal interest rate}[/tex] = [tex]\text{real interest rate}[/tex] + [tex]\text{inflation rate}[/tex]
= 7 + 4.5
= 11.5
[tex]\text{After tax nominal interest rate}[/tex] = [tex]\text{Nominal interest rate}[/tex] [tex]$\times (1-\text{tax rate })$[/tex]
[tex]$=11.5 \times (1 - 0.10)$[/tex]
[tex]$=11.5 \times 0.90$[/tex]
= 10.35
[tex]\text{After tax nominal interest rate}[/tex] = 11.5 x (1 - 0.10)
= 11.5 x 0.90
= 10.35
[tex]\text{After tax nominal interest rate}[/tex] = [tex]\text{after tax nominal rate}[/tex] - [tex]\text{inflation rate}[/tex]
= 10.35 - 7.0
= 3.35
Putting all the value in table :
[tex]\text{Inflation rate}[/tex] Real interest Nominal interest After tax nominal After tax
rate rate interest rate interest rate
2.0 4.5 6.5 5.85 3.85
7.0 4.5 11.5 10.35 3.35
Comparing with the [tex]\text{higher inflation rate}[/tex], a [tex]\text{lower inflation rate}[/tex] will increase the after after tax real interest rate when the government taxes nominal interest income. This tends to encourage saving, thereby increase the quantity of investment in the economy and the increase the economy's long-run growth rate.
List at least four factors a project manager should consider when identifying individuals to work on a project. Why is each important
Answer:
The four elements to consider when identifying individuals to be part of a project team:
ability to communicate effectivelySelf Assuredness, experience, and ability, Organizational agilityEmotional IntelligenceExplanation:
1. Communication is essential because in a project if there is a miscommunication between one person, group, or team and another, that could prove fatal to the goal of the project.
Communication is verbal and non-verbal and (in a project and as with most organizations) must happen across both sides of the spectrum horizontally and vertically.
For example, when expectations are not clarified or there are assumptions about what one person or team said or expects, this could lead to project disruption. When too much is also divulged, a project can go belly-up.
2. Experience and ability are key but they are not enough. Each team member must be confident in what they believe is right. Sometimes, senior members of a team may want a course of action (that is detrimental) to be executed. A junior team member who is not self-assured may think, "it's coming from above, what can one do?" this type of thinking can be very costly.
A self-assured team player would stand for what is right and in the best interest of the team and the project even at the risk of being fired.
3. Organisational Agility
It is impossible to keep a messy itenary and achieve project success.
The ability to know exactly what needs to be done in succession is an invaluable trait of project team members. This prevents waste of time and resources.
4. Emotional Intelligence
Successful team players are also successful leaders. The most cohesive teams are teams that comprise of highly emotionally intelligent people. One of the benefits of emotional intelligence is that it helps the individual to know how to regulate their own behaviors as well as respond to those of others. It is also critical to motivating others to get the job done.
Cheers
If the amount of beachfront land in Malibu supplied to the market remains the same even when the price of beachfront land in Malibu increases, the:_________.
a. demand for beachfront land in malibu must be perfectly inelastic,
b. supply of beachfront land in Malibu must be perfectly elastic.
c. demand for beachfront land in Malibu must be perfectly elastic.
d. supply of beachfront land in Malibu must be perfectly inelastic.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price of the good.
Price elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price
Infinitely elastic demand is perfectly elastic demand. Demand falls to zero when price increases
Perfectly inelastic demand is demand where there is no change in the quantity demanded regardless of changes in price.
Supply is perfectly inelastic if a small change in price has no effect on quantity supplied
Select all that apply The margin of safety is: (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. the difference between expected sales and break-even sales divided by expected sales. the amount sales can drop before the company incurs a loss. adequate if greater than 15% to 20%. always expressed as a dollar amount (not in units or percentages).
Answer: • The amount sales can drop before the company incurs a loss.
• The difference between expected sales and break-even sales divided by expected sales.
Explanation:
The correct option regarding the margin of safety are that:
• The amount sales can drop before the company incurs a loss.
• The difference between expected sales and break-even sales divided by expected sales.
Stock Valuation Suppose you know that a company's stock currently sells for $64 per share and the required return on the stock is 13 percent. You also know that the total return on the stock is evenly divided between a capital gains yield and a dividend yield. If it's the company's policy to always maintain a constant growth rate in its dividends, what is the current dividend per share?
Answer:
$3.85
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the current dividend per share
First step is to calculate the Dividend yield using this formula
Dividend yield=Dividend for next period/Current price
Let plug in the formula
Dividend yield=(13%/2)
Dividend yield=6.5%
Second step is to calculate the Dividend for next period
Dividend for next period=($63*6.5%)
Dividend for next period=$4.095
Now let determine the Current dividend using this formula
Current dividend=Dividend for next period*Present value of discounting factor(rate%,time period)
Let plug in the formula
Current dividend=$4.095/1+.065
Current dividend=$4.095/1.065
Current dividend=$3.85(Approx).
Therefore the current dividend per share is $3.85
A dozen eggs cost $0.96 in December 2000 and $1.82 in December 2017. The average wage for workers in private industries was $14.28 per hour in December 2000 and $22.31 in December 2017. By what percentage did the price of a dozen eggs rise
Answer:
the percentage in which the price of the dozen eggs rise is 89.58% or 90%
Explanation:
The computation of the percentage in which the price of the dozen eggs rise is shown below;
Percentage Change in Dozens egg price is
= (Price in 2017 - Price in 2000) ÷ Price in 2000 × 100
= ($1.82 - $0.96) ÷ $0.96 × 100
= 89.58% or 90%
Hence, the percentage in which the price of the dozen eggs rise is 89.58% or 90%
Groups of countries that seek mutual economic benefit from reducing interregional trade and tariff barriers are called
Answer:
multinational market regions.
Explanation:
It is the region where it deals with the groups countries that have seeks with regard to the mutual economic benefit arise from decreasing the trade and the trade barriers. Also the countries are looking for alliances in order to diversify the access to the free markets
True or false: Demand is created through meeting customer buying criteria, awareness (promotion) and accessibility (sales distribution), and credit terms.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
g Suppose total output (real GDP) is $1,000 and labor productivity is $10. We can conclude that the number of worker hours must be
Answer:
100
Explanation:
Hours worked = Real GDP / labour productivity
1000 / 10 = 100
Gross domestic product is the total sum of final goods and services produced in an economy within a given period which is usually a year
GDP calculated using the expenditure approach = Consumption spending by households + Investment spending by businesses + Government spending + Net export
Real GDP is GDP calculated using base year prices. Real GDP has been adjusted for inflation.
DEFINE visible trade and invisible trade
Answer:
visible trade in economics, exchange of physically tangible goods between country involving import and export it is distinguished from invisible trade
Backus Inc. makes and sells many consumer products. The firm’s average contribution margin ratio is 26%. Management is considering adding a new product that will require an additional $12,000 per month of fixed expenses and will have variable expenses of $9 per unit.Required:a. Calculate the selling price that will be required for the new product if it is to have a contribution margin ratio equal to 25%. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)b. Calculate the number of units of the new product that would have to be sold if the new product is to increase the firm's monthly operating income by $7,500. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
Answer and Explanation:
a. The computation of the selling price is given below:
= $9 ÷ (1 - 0.25)
= $12 per unit
b. The number of units that should be sold in the case when the operating income is increased by $7,500
= ($12,000 + $7,500) ÷ ($12 - $9)
= 6,500 units
Hence, the same should be considered and relevant
Plastic Products Ltd is a company business whole the country that produces and markets plastic cups, teaspoons, knives and forks for the catering industry. The company was established in 2010 in response to the changes taking place in the catering industry. The growth of the fast-food sector of the market was seen as an opportunity to provide disposable eating utensils which would save on human resources and allow the speedy provision of utensils for fast customer flow. In addition, Plastic Products has benefited from the growth in supermarkets, convenience stores and food processed manufacturers. The expansion of sales and outlets has led Mr. Long, the sales manager, to recommend to Mr. An, the general manager, that the present sales force should be increased. Mr. Long believes that the new recruits should have experience of selling fast-moving consumer goods since essentially that is what his products are. Mr. An believes that the new recruits should be familiar with plastic products since that is what they are selling. He favors recruiting from within the plastics industry, since such people are familiar with the supply, production and properties of plastic field.
Answer:
ooffffano yan bul bul ka ba!?
The phone rings in the next room and the assistant answers it. She tells the caller, "Yes, sir, he is here." After a moment she adds: "He has been here for about five or ten minutes, sir." She soon hangs up, and comes in with your coffee. She tells you that it should not be too much longer and again apologizes. She explains that the CEO stopped at a gas station to call in. She then tells you that the CEO is a bit "old fashioned." "He doesn't really use a cell phone," she says. She turns to leave, but you ask her to have a seat. You have an opportunity here. What should you ask the CEO's personal assistant?
Answer:
The best question to ask the CEO's personal assistant while you are waiting for the CEO is:
Could you tell me about your work environment?
Explanation:
This question will enable you to build rapport with the personal assistant and to learn more about the organization. It will expose the personal assistant's job satisfaction level, the job setting, and social features, including physical conditions for a worker at the organization to fulfill her responsibilities. The question will also expose the general employee feelings of wellbeing, workplace relationships, productivity efficiency, and employee health. It will expose the organization culture, which is an important determinant of organizational success.
From 1990 to 2000, calculate the percentage change in Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to one decimal place. If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. a. Real GDP. % b. Real consumption. % c. Real government spending
Answer:
Note The full question is attached as picture below
1. Real consumption % change = ((Consumption in 2009 / Consumption in 2007) - 1) * 100
Real consumption % change = ((9847 / 10042) - 1) * 100
Real consumption change % = (0.981 - 1) * 100
Real consumption change% = -1.9%
2. Real investment % = ((Investment in 2009 / 2007) - 1) * 100
Real investment % = ((1898 / 2644) - 1) * 100
Real investment % = (0.718 - 1) * 100
Real investment % = -28.2%
3. Government spending % = ((Government spending 2009 / 2007) - 1)*100
Government spending % = ((3089 / 2914) - 1)*100
Government spending % = (1.06 - 1) * 100
Government spending % = 6%
Managers lead in a wide variety of situations and organizations and have various kinds of subordinates performing diverse tasks in a multiplicity of environmental contexts. Given the wide variety of situations in which leadership occurs, what makes a manager an effective leader in one situation (such as certain traits or behaviors) is not necessarily what that manager needs to be equally effective in a different situation. Contingency models of leadership take into account the situation or context within which leadership occurs. According to contingency models, whether or not a manager is an effective leader is the result of the interplay between what the manager is like, what he or she does, and the situation in which leadership takes place.
Answer:
need points
Explanation:
Explain ethics in dealing with employers and discuss the various methods used by salespeople
that can be regarded as being unethical towards the employer specifically. Give a practical
example of each in relation to a sales situation.
that they always want to be correct and they always like their stores to be clean and neat, and they can sometimes follow you too
A piece of labor-saving equipment has just come onto the market that Mitsui Electronics, Ltd., could use to reduce costs in one of its plants in Japan. Relevant data relating to the equipment follow: Purchase cost of the equipment $ 448,000 Annual cost savings that will be provided by the equipment $ 80,000 Life of the equipment 10 years Required: 1a. Compute the payback period for the equipment. 1b. If the company requires a payback period of four years or less, would the equipment be purchased? 2a. Compute the simple rate of return on the equipment. Use straight-line depreciation based on the equipment’s useful life. 2b. Would the equipment be purchased if the company’s required rate of return is 13%?
Answer:
Mitsui Electronics, Ltd.
1a. Payback period = 5.6 years
1b. No. The equipment would not be purchased if the company requires a payback period of four years or less.
2a. Simple rate of return = 17.86%
2b. Yes. The equipment would be purchased if the company's required rate of return is 13%.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Purchase cost of the equipment = $ 448,000
Annual cost savings that will be provided by the equipment = $ 80,000
Life of the equipment = 10 years
1a. Payback period = 5.6 years ($448,000/$80,000)
1b. No. The equipment would not be purchased if the company requires a payback period of four years or less.
Annual return = $80,000
Initial cost of the equipment = $448,000
2a. Simple rate of return = 17.86% ($80,000/$448,000 * 100)
2b. Yes. The equipment would be purchased if the company's required rate of return is 13%.
Windhoek Mines, Ltd., of Namibia, is contemplating the purchase of equipment to exploit a mineral deposit on land to which the company has mineral rights. An engineering and cost analysis has been made, and it is expected that the following cash flows would be associated with opening and operating a mine in the area: Cost of new equipment and timbers $ 370,000 Working capital required $ 115,000 Annual net cash receipts $ 130,000 * Cost to construct new roads in year three $ 43,000 Salvage value of equipment in four years $ 68,000 *Receipts from sales of ore, less out-of-pocket costs for salaries, utilities, insurance, and so forth. The mineral deposit would be exhausted after four years of mining. At that point, the working capital would be released for reinvestment elsewhere. The company’s required rate of return is 18%. Click here to view Exhibit 12B-1 and Exhibit 12B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using tables. Required: a. What is the net present value of the proposed mining project? b. Should the project be accepted?
Answer:
Windhoek Mines, Ltd., of Namibia
a. The net present value (NPV) of the proposed mining project is:
= -$117,258
b. No. The project should be rejected. It has a negative NPV.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Cost of new equipment and timbers = $370,000
Working capital required = $115,000
Cost to construct new roads in year three = $43,000
Annual net cash receipts = $130,000
Salvage value of equipment in four years = $68,000
Company's required rate of return = 18%
Mining duration = 4 years
Annuity factor for 4 years at 18% = 2.1690
Relevant discount factors at 18%:
Year 3 = 0.712
Year 4 = 0.636
Present values of Cash Flows:
Transaction Cash Flows PV Factor PV Amount
Cost of new equipment and timbers $370,000 1.000 -$370,000
Working capital required 115,000 1.000 -115,000
Cost to construct new roads in year three 43,000 0.712 -30,616
Annual net cash receipts 130,000 2.169 281,970
Salvage value of equipment in four years 68,000 0.636 43,248
Working capital released 115,000 0.636 73,140
Net present value -$117,258
Retained earnings, December 31, 2012 $311,900 Â
Cost of equipment purchased during 2013 30,000 Â
Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2013 4,550 Â
Dividends declared and paid in 2013 15,200 Â
Decrease in cash balance from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2013 12,800 Â
Decrease in long-term debt in 2013 15,900 Â
Required:
From the above data, calculate the retained earnings balance as of December 31, 2013. (Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.)
Answer:
Retained earnings balance as of December 31, 2013
Particulars Amount ($)
Retained Earnings Dec 31, 2012 311,900
Less: Net Loss for the Year 4,550
Less: Dividend declared and paid in 2013 15,200
Retained Earnings Dec 31, 2013 $292,150
Skysong Industries borrows $22000 at 5% annual interest for six months on October 1, 2022. Which is the appropriate entry to accrue interest if Skysong employs a December 31, 2022, fiscal year?
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entry is shown below:
Interest Expense [$22,000 × 5% × 3 ÷ 12] $275
To Interest payable $275
[Being accrued interest expense is recorded]
Here interest expense is debited as it increased the expense and credited the interest payable as it also increased the liability
In 2020, Susan had interest expense of $58,500 from her investments. Susan's has investment income of $46,500. Of this amount, interest is $15,000, qualified dividends are $9,000, and a net capital gain on the sale of securities is $22,500. What is the maximum amount of Susan's investment interest expense deduction for the current year if she decides to give up the capital gain preferential treatment
Answer:
Susan
The maximum amount of Susan's investment interest expense deduction for the current year if she decides to give up the capital gain preferential treatment is:
= $46,500.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Investment interest expense = $58,500
Investment income = $46,500
Makeup of investment income:
Interest = $15,000
Dividends = $9,000
Net capital gain on the sale of securities = $22,500
b) Susan's investment interest expense is the interest amounting to $58,500 that she paid on the money she borrowed to purchase the taxable investments. The amount that Susan can deduct is capped at her net taxable investment income for the year, which totaled $46,500 since she gives up the capital gain preferential treatment. The remaining $12,000 in interest expense can be carried forward to the next fiscal year to reduce her future taxes.
Lakeview Engine, Inc., produces engines for the watercraft industry. An outside manufacturer has offered to supply several component parts used in the engine assemblies, which are currently being produced by Lakeview. The supplier will charge Lakeview $325 per engine for the set of parts. Lakeview’s current costs for those part sets are direct materials, $145; direct labor, $85; and manufacturing overhead applied at 100% of direct labor. Variable manufacturing overhead is considered to be 20% of the total, and fixed overhead will not change if the part sets are acquired from the outside supplier.
What would be the net cost advantage or disadvantage if Lakeview decided to purchase the parts?
Answer:
Lakeview Engine, Inc.
The net cost disadvantage if Lakeview decided to purchase the parts from the supplier per part is:
= $78
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Price by outside supplier per engine = $325
Current costs of manufacturing the engine:
Direct materials per unit = $145
Direct labor per unit = $85
Variable manufacturing overhead (20%) = $17
Fixed manufacturing overhead (80%) = $68
Total variable manufacturing cost per unit = $247
Incremental Analysis:
Make Buy Incremental
Production costs:
Variable manufacturing costs per unit:
Direct materials per unit $145
Direct labor per unit $85
Variable manufacturing per unit $17
Total variable manufacturing costs $247 $325 $78
b) Therefore, it costs more to Lakeview to buy the part from the outside supplier than it does when it makes it internally. Lakeview should continue making the parts.
Macroeconomics, as opposed to microeconomics, includes the study of what determines the level of:___________
A) employment in a specific industry.
B) output of a specific firm.
C) output of a specific industry.
D) employment in the economy.
Patty took a cash advance of $1,500. Her new credit card charges an Annual Percentage Rate of 21%. The transaction fee for the cash advance is 3% of the amount of the advance, with a minimum fee of $35. This fee is added to the total cash advance, and accrues interest.
Hint: calculate 3% of 1,500. Add that 3% to the original cash advance of 1,500. This becomes your charged amount.
If Patty makes monthly payments of $65:
What is the total amount Patty will end up paying for the cash advance?
In a production operation of an electronics firm, a company manufactures I/O circuit chips that is used in a final assembly process. The chips, manufactured in batches sizes are
Answer:
defective
Explanation:
In an electronic firm it is necessary to keep check for every circuit as they turn out to be defective. There can be minor error is circuit formation but this will be considered as defective because circuits are very sensitive and even minor error can lead to short circuits which could lead to a disaster. It is necessary for a firm to keep track and quality of every circuit should be checked.
Skyline Florists uses an activity-based costing system to compute the cost of making floral bouquets and delivering the bouquets to its commercial customers. Company personnel who earn $180,000 typically perform both tasks; other firm-wide overhead is expected to total $70,000. These costs are allocated as follows:
Bouquet Production Delivery Other
Wages and salaries 60% 30% 10%
Other overhead 50% 35% 15%
Riverside anticipates making 20,000 bouquets and 4,000 deliveries in the upcoming year. The cost of wages and salaries and other overhead that would be charged to each bouquet made is closest to:
a. $12.50.
b. $7.15.
c. some other amount.
d. $8.75.
e. $13.75.
Answer:
b. $7.15
Explanation:
Cost of wages & salaries per bouquet = [($180,000*60%) + ($70,000*50%)] / 20,000
Cost of wages & salaries per bouquet = ($108,000 + $35,000) / 20,000
Cost of wages & salaries per bouquet = $143,000 / 20,000
Cost of wages & salaries per bouquet = $7.15
So, the cost of wages and salaries and other overhead that would be charged to each bouquet made will be $7.15.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT. All else equal, 1. If a bond's yield-to-maturity (YTM, i.e., market interest rate) is greater than its coupon rate, then the bond is trading at a premium. 2. Duration measures the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in interest rate. 3. If a bond's market value is equal to its par amount, then its YTM will be equal to its coupon rate. 4. The estimated market price of a bond is the sum of its future discounted cash flows.
Answer:
1
Explanation:
When the yield to maturity is greater than the coupon rate, the bond is selling at a discount.
When the yield to maturity is less than the coupon rate, the bond is selling at a premium.
When the yield to maturity is equal to the coupon rate, the bond is selling at par.
Dynamic Futon forecasts the following purchases from suppliers:
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun.
Value of goods ($ millions) 37 33 30 27 25 25
a. Sixty percent of goods are supplied cash-on-delivery. The remainder are paid with an average delay of 1 month. If Dynamic Futon starts the year with payables of $27 million, what is the forecasted level of payables for each month?
b. Suppose that, from the start of the year, the company stretches payables by paying 50% after 1 month and 20% after 2 months. (The remainder continue to be paid cash-on-delivery.) Recalculate payables for each month assuming that there are no cash penalties for late payment. Assume that Dynamic Futon didn't have any payable balance at the start of the year.
Answer:
Please find the complete solution in the attached file.
Explanation:
A short forward contract that was negotiated some time ago will expire in 12-month and has a delivery price of $49.25. The current forward price for the 12-month forward contract is $46.00. The 12-month risk-free interest rate (with continuous compounding) is 6.65%. What is the value of the short forward contract? Answer with two decimal digits accuracy and the correct sign. Example: -11.92
Answer:
$3.04
Explanation:
F = (K - F0)*e^(-r*T) Where f = current value of forward contract, F0 = forward price agreed upon today, K = delivery price for a contract negotiated, r = risk-free interest rate applicable to the life of forward contract, T = delivery date
F = ($49.25-$46.00)*e^(-0.0665*12/12)
F = $3.25*e^(-0.0665)
F = $3.25*0.935662916
F = $3.040904477
F = $3.04
So, the value of the short forward contract is $3.04.
On April 30, 2019, Aggie Corporation purchased Smith Corporation 10%, 5-year bonds with a face value of $12,000 at par plus four months of accrued interest. Assume that on June 30, Aggie received interest on the Smith Corporation bonds. Required: Prepare the June 30 journal entries to record the receipt
Answer:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
April 30,2019 Held to Maturity investment $12,000
Interest receivable $400
Cash $12,400
Interest receivable:
4 months of accrued interest:
= 12,000 * 4/12 * 10%
= $400
Date Account Title Debit Credit
June 30,2019 Cash $600
Interest receivable $400
Interest revenue $200
Interest revenue
2 months have passed:
= 12,000 * 2/12 * 10%
= $200
Two items are omitted from each of the following summaries of balance sheet and income statement data for two proprietorships for the year 2020, Tamarisk's Goods and Ivanhoe Enterprises. Determine the missing amounts
Answer:
The solution according to the given query is provided below.
Explanation:
The given question seems to be incomplete. The attachment of the complete query is provided below.
Now,
The additional investment will be:
= [tex]Ending \ owner's \ equity-Beginning \ owner's \ equity+Drawings-Net \ income[/tex]
By putting the values, we get
= [tex]40000-25000+37000-45000[/tex]
= [tex]7,000[/tex]
Now,
The drawings will be:
= [tex]Ending \ owner's \ equity-Beginning \ owner's \ equity+Additional \ investment-Net \ income[/tex]
By putting the values, we get
= [tex]130000-80000-25000-40000[/tex]
= [tex]-15,000[/tex]