Answer:
Mass of sodium produced = 2.74 × 10⁵ g of Na
Mass of chlorine produce = 4.24 × 10⁵ g of Cl₂
Explanation:
In the electrolysis of molten NaCl as described above, the quantity of charge used is given by the formula, Q = I × t
Where I isnthe current passed in amperes and t is time in seconds.
Q = 4.0 × 10⁴ A × (8 × 60 × 60) s = 1.152 × 10⁹ C
Equation for the discharge of sodium is; Na+ + e- ---> Na (s)
One mole of electrons is required to discharge one mole of Na
One mole of electron = 1 faraday = 96500 C
One mole of Na has a mass of 23 g
96500 C produces 23 g of Na
1.152 × 10⁹ C will produce 23 g × 1.152 × 10⁹ C / 96500 C = 2.74 × 10⁵ g of Na
Equation for the discharge of chlorine gas is; 2 Cl- ---> Cl₂(g) + 2e-
Two mole of electrons are required to discharge one mole of chlorine gas
Two moles of electron = 2 faraday = 2 × 96500 C = 193000
One mole of Cl₂ has a mass of 71 g
193000 C produces 71 g of Cl₂
1.152 × 10⁹ C will produce 71 g × 1.152 × 10⁹ C / 193000 C = 4.24 × 10⁵ g of Cl₂
The amount of Na produced is 274551 g and the amount of Cl₂ produced is 423763.5 g.
Current passed through the cell = [tex]4.0\times10^4 A[/tex]
Time = 8 Hours
We have to calculate the amount of Na and [tex]Cl_2[/tex] produced in 8 hours in the downs cell.
What is a down cell?The Downs process is an electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic sodium, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed in a special apparatus called the Downs cell.
The total charge passed through the cell is calculated by the given formula as
Charge(Q) = Current(I) × time(t)
Q = [tex]4.0\times10^4 A \times t[/tex]
[tex]t = 8 \times 60\times 60[/tex] sec
t = 28800 sec
Q = [tex]4.0\times10^4 A \times 28800[/tex] sec
Q = [tex]115200\times 10^4 A\ sec[/tex]
We know that, Ampere = Coulombs per sec
Q = [tex]115200\times 10^4\ C[/tex]
1 mol of electrons 96500 C charge
Therefore, the number of mols of electrons carries this [tex]115200\times 10^4\ C[/tex] charge = [tex]\frac{115200\times10^4}{96500}[/tex] = 1.1937 × 10⁴ = 11937 mol electrons
In the Down's cell
Half cell reactions are:
Reduction half-reaction: [tex]2Na^+(aq)+2e^- \to 2Na(s)[/tex]
Oxidation half-reaction: [tex]2Cl^-(aq)\to Cl_2(g) + 2e^-[/tex]
We know that no. of moles = [tex]\frac{given \ mass}{molar \ mass}[/tex]
Molar mass of Na = 23 g/mol
The mass of Na formed = 11937 mol × 23 g/mol = 274551 grams
The molar mass of Cl₂ = 71 g/mol
The mass of Cl₂ = [tex]\frac{11937}{2}\times 71 = 423763.5 \ grams[/tex]
Hence, the amount of Na produced is 274551 g and the amount of Cl₂ produced is 423763.5 g.
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Ammonium phosphate is an important ingredient in many solid fertilizers. It can be made by reacting aqueous phosphoric acid with liquid ammonia. Calculate the moles of phosphoric acid needed to produce 1.80 mol of ammonium phosphate. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to the correct number of significant digits.
Answer:
Explanation:
The reaction is
H3Po4+3NH3\to→ (NH4)3PO4
Given,7.10g NH3=7.10g/molar mass of NH3
=7.10g/(17.031g/mol)
=0.416mol
From the reaction
3 mol ammonia reacted and produced 1 mole of ammoniam phosphate
So,One mole ammonia reacted and produced 1/ 3 mole ammonium phosphate.
And Also,0.416 mole ammonium reacted and produced (1/3)0.416=0.138 mole ammonium phosphate.
Hence 0.138mole=0.138mole*149.08 g/mole
=20.573gm ammonium phosphate produced.
Hence 20.573g of ammonium phosphate is produced by the reaction of 7.10 g of ammonia.
Predict the products of each reaction, and whether the solution at equilibrium will be acidic, basic, or neutral.1. P4O10 + 6H2O (l)---->2. Na2O + H2O(l) ------>3. N2O5 + 3H2O (l)------>
Answer:
For 1: The product is phosphoric acid and the solution is acidic in nature.
For 2: The product is sodium hydroxide and the solution is basic in nature.
For 3: The product is nitric acid and the solution is acidic in nature.
Explanation:
For the given options:
(1): When diphosphorus pentoxide reacts with water, it leads to the formation of phosphoric acid, which makes the solution acidic in nature.
The chemical equation for the reaction follows:
[tex]P_4O_{10}+6H_2O(l)\rightarrow 4H_3PO_4(aq)[/tex]
(2): When disodium oxide reacts with water, it leads to the formation of sodium hydroxide, which makes the solution basic in nature.
The chemical equation for the reaction follows:
[tex]Na_2O+H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2NaOH(aq)[/tex]
(3): When dinitrogen pentoxide reacts with water, it leads to the formation of nitric acid, which makes the solution acidic in nature.
The chemical equation for the reaction follows:
[tex]3N_2O_5+3H_2O(l)\rightarrow 6HNO_3(aq)[/tex]
Amateur radio operators in the United States can transmit on several bands. One of those bands consists of radio waves with a wavelength near 160m. Calculate the frequency of these radio waves on the freauensy of these radio waves.
Answer:
1.875 × 10^6 Hz
Explanation:
From the wave formula;
V= λf
λ= wavelength of the radio waves
f= frequency of the radio waves
f= v/λ
Since radio waves is an electromagnetic wave, it possesses the speed of light which is 3 × 10^8 m/s
f= 3 × 10^8 m/s/160 m
f= 1.875 × 10^6 Hz
Identify the possible quantitative analysis you can do using only the 28.02 g/mol as a unit factor. Select one or more:
Answer:
Calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 3.94 grams of nitrogen.
Calculate the grams of N2 in 5.03 x 1020 moles of nitrogen molecules.
Explanation:
Calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 4.73 liters of nitrogen gas. FALSE. You can't make this conversion using only the conversion factor with units of g/mol. To convert liters to moles are necessaries pressure, temperature and volume of the gas to use PV = nRT
Calculate the grams of N2 in 10.58 liters of nitrogen gas. FALSE. As explained, you need, P,V and T to find the moles of the gas. With the moles you can find the mass using the conversion factor of 28.02g/mol
Calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 3.94 grams of nitrogen. TRUE. You can find the moles of N2 as follows:
3.94g N2 * (1mol/28.02g) = 0.14 moles of N2 molecules
Calculate the grams of N2 in 5.03 x 1020 moles of nitrogen molecules. TRUE. The mass in 5.03x10²⁰ moles of nitrogen molecules is:
5.03x10²⁰ moles * (28.02g/mol) = 1.4x10²²g of nitrogen.
Compound X has the same molecular formula as butane but has a different boiling point and melting point. What can be concluded about Compound X?
A It is a four-carbon alkene or alkyne.
B It is an optical isomer of butane.
C It is a geometric isomer of butane.
D It is a structural isomer of butane.
need this for gradpoint:)
Answer:
d
Explanation:
g A piece of solid Zn metal is put into an aqueous solution of Cu(NO3)2. Write the net ionic equation for any single-replacement redox reaction. (Use the lowest possible coefficients for the reaction. Be sure to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank. If no reaction occurs, leave all boxes blank and click on Submit.)
Answer:
Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) ⇒ Zn²⁺(aq) + Cu(s)
Explanation:
Let's consider the molecular single displacement equation between Zn and Cu(NO₃)₂
Zn(s) + Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) ⇒ Zn(NO₃)₂(aq) + Cu(s)
The complete ionic equation includes all the ions and insoluble species.
Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) ⇒ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) + Cu(s)
The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and insoluble species.
Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) ⇒ Zn²⁺(aq) + Cu(s)
Analysis of an unknown substance showed that it has a high boiling point and is brittle. It is an insulator as a solid but conducts electricity when melted. Which of the following substances would have those characteristics?
a. HCl
b. Al
c. SiF4
d. KBr
e. I2
Answer:
The correct option is D (KBr)
Explanation:
Potassium bromide (KBr) is a typical example of an IONIC CRYSTAL. Positive and negative ions are arranged in a regular pattern to give a giant crystal lattice in an ionic solid.
Ionic crystals are hard and have high melting points because the electrostatic forces holding the ions are strong. In the solid state, ionic compounds are poor conductors of electricity because the ions are held rigidly in place and so cannot moves about.
When melted or when dissolved in water, the ions are free to move about and the ionic substances become good conductors of electricity.
Ionic crystals are also BRITTLE. When struck, they tend to shatter because as planes of ions slip by one another, they pass from a condition of mutual attraction to one of mutual repulsion.
A scientific hypothesis is
ANSWER:
predictive.
testable.
explanatory.
all of the above.
Answer:
All of the above.
Explanation:
For a scientific hypothesis to be considered a hypothesis, it has to be testable. When conducting a lab experiment, it also allows the tester to predict what might occur during and after the experimentation. They are also explanatory. For example, theories are hypotheses that have been verified and can explain why something in nature takes place.
Draw the structure of the alkene with the molecular formula C6H10 that reacts with Br2 to give this compound.
Answer: Please, this question is not complete. I have attached the complete question.
The answer is in the attached picture below
Explanation:
The explanation is in the attached picture below
The structure of the alkene with the molecular formula [tex]C_6H_1_0[/tex] that reacts with [tex]Br_2[/tex]to give this compound is an alkene called 1-hexene
How do we explain?The alkene is called 1-hexene. It has a double bond between the first and second carbon atoms. When it reacts with Br2, the bromine atoms add to the double bond, resulting in the formation of 1,2-dibromohexane.
The reaction is a radical addition reaction. The first step is the formation of a radical by the homolytic cleavage of one of the bromine atoms in Br2. This radical then adds to the double bond in the alkene, forming a new radical. The second bromine atom then adds to the radical, forming 1,2-dibromohexane
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Enough of a monoprotic acid is dissolved in water to produce a 1.211.21 M solution. The pH of the resulting solution is 2.882.88 . Calculate the Ka for the acid.
Answer:
1.44 × 10⁻⁶
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Concentration of the acid (Ca): 1.21 MpH of the solution: 2.88Step 2: Calculate the concentration of H⁺ ions
We will use the definition of pH.
pH = -log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = antilog -pH = antilog -2.88 = 1.32 × 10⁻³ M
Step 3: Calculate the acid dissociation constant of the acid (Ka)
For a weak monoprotic acid, we will use the following expression.
Ka = [H⁺]²/Ca
Ka = (1.32 × 10⁻³)²/1.21 = 1.44 × 10⁻⁶
A sample of Br2(g) takes 12.0 min to effuse through a membrane. How long would it take the same number of moles of Ar(g) to effuse through the same membrane
Answer:
6 mins
Explanation:
The time taken for Ar to effuse can be obtained as follow:
Time for Br₂ (t₁) = 12 mins
Molar mass of Br₂ (M₁) = 2 × 80 = 160 g/mol
Molar mass of Ar (M₂) = 40 g/mol
Time for Ar (t₂) =?
t₂/t₁= √(M₂/M₁)
t₂ / 12 = √(40/160)
Cross multiply
t₂ = 12 × √(40/160)
t₂ = 12 × 0.5
t₂ = 6 mins
Therefore, it will take 6 mins for the same amount of Ar to effused out.
It takes to break a carbon-hydrogen single bond. Calculate the maximum wavelength of light for which a carbon-hydrogen single bond could be broken by
The question is incomplete, the complete question is;
It takes 412. KJ/mol to break a carbon-hydrogen single bond. Calculate the maximum wavelength of light for which a carbon-hydrogen single bond could be broken by absorbing a single photon. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answer:
289 nm
Explanation:
The energy of the photon = 412 × 10^3/6.02 × 10^23 = 6.84 × 10^-19 J
From;
E = hc/λ
h= Plank's constant
c= speed of light
λ = wavelength
λ = hc/E
λ = 6.6 × 10^-34 × 3 × 10^8/6.84 × 10^-19
λ = 2.89 × 10^-7 m
λ = 289 nm
Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found, in ester form, in many fats and oils. Its doubly allylic hydrogens are particularly susceptible to abstraction by radicals, a process that can lead to the oxidative degradation of the fat or oil.
a. True
b. Flase
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
The information presented in the question above regarding linoleic acid is true. Linoleic acid is, in fact, found in many oils and fats in the ester form. In addition, linoleic acid is considered a polyunsaturated fatty acid, due to the presence of two unsaturations in its composition. Its chemical formula is CH3-(CH2)4-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7COOH and it is an essential fatty acid for the human body, as it is essential in the composition of arachidonic acid that is responsible for building muscle, managing body fat thermogenesis, and regulating core protein synthesis.
If 2.18 g of sodium peroxide (Na2O2) react with water to produce sodium hydroxide abs oxygen, how many liters of oxygen will be produced at 17.7 Celsius abs 726 torr?
Answer:
0.350 L
Explanation:
2Na₂O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaOH + O₂First we convert 2.18 g of Na₂O₂ into moles, using its molar mass:
2.18 g ÷ 78 g/mol = 0.0279 mol Na₂O₂Then we convert 0.0279 moles of Na₂O₂ into moles of O₂, using the stoichiometric coefficients of the reaction:
0.0279 mol Na₂O₂ * [tex]\frac{1molO_2}{2molNa_2O_2}[/tex] = 0.0140 mol O₂Finally we use the PV=nRT formula to calculate the volume of oxygen produced:
P = 726 torrV = ?n = 0.0140 molR = 62.36 torr·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹T = 17.7 °C ⇒ 17.7 + 273.2 = 290.9 KInputting the data:
726 torr * V = 0.0140 mol * 62.36 torr·L·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ * 290.9 KV = 0.350 LA physical chemist measures the temperature inside a vacuum chamber. Here is the result.
T= - 35.903°C
Convert T to SI units.
This is an acronym of the word Systeme International in French. Its International System of Units (SI) is a metric system that would be universally acknowledged as a measurement standard, and the further discussion can be defined as follows:
SI units play an important function in research and innovation in science and technology. In this, the temperature will be measure in the kelvin.Conversion [tex]^{\circ} \ to \ K[/tex]:
let,
[tex]\to 0^{\circ}\ C + 273.15 = 273.15\ K\\\\[/tex]
So,
[tex]\to -35.903+273.15=237.247\ K[/tex]
Therefore, the final answer is "237.247".
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A comparison analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining: whether or not they have a common origin if they are identical in chemical composition if the same person handled them if they are alike in molecular structure All of these
Answer:
whether or not they have a common origin
Explanation:
During the scientific investigation of a crime, a forensic scientist might be required to perform a comparison analysis. A comparison analysis is an examination where specific physical properties are obtained from a suspect specimen and a standard which are then compared to identify their common origin. This type of analysis is important for it helps in narrowing down the crime to a particular person. It also enables accurate delivery of justice.
If you ran the reaction for this experiment and began with 65.0 mmol of isopentyl alcohol, how many grams of isopentyl acetate could you theoretically produce assuming only a 77.0% attainable yield
Answer:
6.52g = Actual yield (g)
Explanation:
The yield of a reaction is:
Percent yield = Actual yield (g) / Theoretical Yield (g) * 100
As 1 mol of isopentyl alcohol produce 1 mol of isopentyl acetate (Theoretical Yield), the theroretical yield of isopentyl acetate is 65.0mmol = 0.0650mol. To solve this question we need to convert the moles of isopentyl acetate to mass using its molar mass (130.19g/mol).
With the equation of percent yield we can find the mass obtained as follows:
Theoretical yield:
0.0650mol * (130.19g/mol) = 8.46g of isopentyl alcohol
Mass produced:
77 = Actual yield (g) / 8.462g * 100
6.52g = Actual yield (g)
The mass of isopentyl acetate that can be produced is 6.52 g
Balanced equationSee attached photo
From the balanced equation,
1 mole of isopentyl alcohol reacted to produce 1 mole of isopentyl acetate.
Therefore,
65 mmole (i.e 0.065 mole) of isopentyl alcohol will also react to produce 0.065 mole of isopentyl acetate.
How to determine the actual yield (in mole) Percentage yield = 77%Theoretical yield = 0.065 mole Actual yield =?Actual yield = percent × theoretical
Actual yield = 77% × 0.065
Actual yield = 0.05005 mole
How to determine the mass Mole of isopentyl acetate = 0.05005 mole Molar mass of isopentyl acetate = 130.19 g/molMass of isopentyl acetate =?Mass = mole × molar mass
Mass of isopentyl acetate = 0.05005 × 130.19
Mass of isopentyl acetate = 6.52 g
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Which statement describes an electron?
EEEE
It has a positive charge and is located in the nucleus.
O It has a positive charge and is located in orbitals around the nucleus.
It has a negative charge and is located in the nucleus.
O It has a negative charge and is located in orbitals around the nucleus.
Answer:
It has a negative charge and is located in orbitals around the nucleus
Explanation:
The statement describes an electron is " It has a negative charge and is located in orbitals around the nucleus."
What is electron?The electron would be a subatomic particle with a negatively one elementary charge electric charge.
What is nucleus?Protons, that have a positive charge, as well as neutrons, which have no electrical charge, make up the nucleus. Quarks were subatomic particles that make up protons but also neutrons.
Electrons were present surrounding the atom's nucleus, in contrast to protons as well as neutrons, that are contained within the nucleus at its core. Negative electrons were drawn to the positive nucleus since the electric charges of opposite polarity attract one another.
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Please help me ASAP in my final project I am ready to pay 20$
Answer:
$20
ASAP PROJECT
A compound, C7H13Cl, is reacted with sodium ethoxide and gives a single elimination product, C7H12. Treatment with ozone followed by zinc and water gives the compound below. Identify the original compound.
A. 2-chloro-1,1-dimethylcyclopentane.
B. 1-chloro-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane.
C. 4-chloro-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane.
D. 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane.
Answer:2-chloro-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane
Explanation
The rate law for the following reaction: H2SiF6(aq)+2NaF(aq)+3H2O(aq)⟶Na2SiO3(s)+8HF(aq) is second order in H2SiF6, zero order in NaF and first order in H2O. By what factor will the reaction rate change if the concentrations of all reactants are tripled?
Answer:
The rate law for the following reaction:
H2SiF6(aq)+2NaF(aq)+3H2O(aq)⟶Na2SiO3(s)+8HF(aq)
is second order in H2SiF6, zero order in NaF and first order in H2O.
How many moles of carbon dioxide at Stp will fit in a 50 liter container?
Answer:
If the gas is at STP, THE 1 mole is 22.4 liters.
Explanation:
How many grams of boiling water must be added to an insulated cup containing 19 grams of ice, at 0oC, to completely melt the ice
Answer:
1900grams of boiling water
Explanation:
0,c=19
100,c=19×100
1900grams
Zn-64 = 48.63%
Zn-66 = 27.90%
Zn-67 = 4.10%
Zn-68 = 18.75%
Zn-70 = .62%
Calculate the average atomic mass/given their percent abundance
Answer:
A = 65.46 u
Explanation:
Given that,
The composition of zinc is as follows :
Zn-64 = 48.63%
Zn-66 = 27.90%
Zn-67 = 4.10%
Zn-68 = 18.75%
Zn-70 = .62%
We need to find the average atomic mass of the given element. It can be solved as follows :
[tex]A=\dfrac{48.63\times 64+27.90\times 66+4.1\times 67+18.75\times 68+0.62\times 70}{100}\\A=65.46\ u[/tex]
So, the average atomic mass of zinc is 65.46 u.
4.005 X 74 X 0.007 = 2.10049
Answer:
2.07459
Explanation:
this is the correct answer.
(S)-CH3CH(N3)CH2CH2CH3 can be synthesized by an SN2 reaction. Draw the structures of the alkyl chloride and nucleophile that will give this compound in highest yield.
Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
Let us recall that the reaction in question is expected to happen by SN2 mechanism. This is because, the reaction occurs at secondary carbon atom and the attacking nucleophile (N3^-) is a good nucleophile.
The reaction occurs via a backside attack of the N3^- ion on (R)-2-chloropentane. This backside attack leads to inversion of configuration at the reaction centre to yield (S)-CH3CH(N3)CH2CH2CH3.
The images of the alkyl halide and nucleophile are shown in the image attached to this answer.
PLEASE HELP!!!!
Which of the following lists describes characteristics of an acid? (3 points)
Bitter taste, high pH, and caustic
Sour taste, low pH, and dissolves metals
Sour taste, high pH, and dissolves metals
Slippery, low pH, and caustic
Acids have sour taste, low pH and dissolves metals.
The list that describes the characteristics of an acid is that it has sour taste, low pH, and dissolves metals.
Characteristics of an acidAn acid is a chemical substance that has the ability to donate hydrogen ions when involved in a chemical reaction.
The following are the characteristics or features of an acid:
They have a sour taste when tasted.When measured using a pH scale it is less than 7(low pH).They react with active metals to yield hydrogen gas.Therefore, the list that describes the characteristics of an acid is that it has sour taste, low pH, and dissolves metals.
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Calculate the volume in liters of a 1.60 mol/L sodium nitrate solution that contains of sodium nitrate . Round your answer to significant digits.
Answer:
1.5L of NaNO3 must be present
Explanation:
That contains 200g of sodium nitrate. Round to 2 significant digits
To solve this question we need to convert the mass of NaNO3 to moles using its molar mass (85g/mol). With the moles and the molar concentration we can find the volume in liters of the solution:
Moles NaNO3:
200g * (1mol / 85g) = 2.353 moles NaNO3
Volume:
2.353 moles NaNO3 * (1L / 1.60moles) =
1.5L of NaNO3 must be presentA 3.0-liter sample of an ideal gas is at a pressure of 2.5 atm at 15oC. (i) How many moles of gas are in the sample? (ii) If the volume does not change, what is the pressure of the gas when the temperature is 50oC?
Explanation:
here are the answers. Note that because the pressure is constant, you can use Gay Lussac's formula
Draw the Lewis structure for BrCl3. What are the approximate bond angles about the central atom?
a. 60°.
b. 90°.
c. 109°.
d. 120°.
e. 180°.
Answer:
Explanation:
BrCl₃ is an interhalogen compound with a hybridization of sp³d. The approximate bond angles can be predicted from the structure (attached below). Although, the lewis structure might be predicted to be trigonal bipyramidal from the structure, it is however a T-shaped geometry because of it's two lone pairs.
Also, from the structure attached, it can be predicted that the approximate bond angles about the central atom is 120° (360 ÷ 3) since each of the three chlorine atoms is equally spaced about the central atom.
The Lewis structure for BrCl₃ is attached to the image below. The bond angles around the central atom, bromine (Br), are 90 degrees between the bromine and each chlorine atom. Therefore, option B is correct.
A Lewis structure, also known as an electron-dot structure or Lewis dot structure is a diagram that represents the valence electrons of an atom or molecule.
Bromine (Br) is in Group 7A and has 7 valence electrons, while each chlorine (Cl) atom in Group 7A also has 7 valence electrons.
Br: 1 atom × 7 valence electrons = 7 valence electrons
Cl: 3 atoms × 7 valence electrons = 21 valence electrons
Total valence electrons = 7 + 21 = 28
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