during this period, islamic empires developed distinctive cultures, each of which blended islamic arts and ideas with local traditions.which empire cast the widest net in terms of embracing diverse cultures and people?

Three distinct movements or individuals from different periods and regions that have had a profound impact on world history are The Renaissance, The American Civil Rights Movement, and The Indian Independence Movement.

The Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries, Europe): The Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement that emerged in Europe, particularly in Italy. It marked a transition from the medieval period to the modern era and had a significant impact on art, literature, science, and philosophy. Prominent figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo Galilei contributed to advancements in various fields, sparking a renewed interest in humanism, scientific inquiry, and artistic expression.

The American Civil Rights Movement (mid-20th century, United States): The American Civil Rights Movement was a struggle for racial equality and social justice, primarily led by African Americans in the United States. Activists like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X challenged racial segregation, discrimination, and inequality. Their efforts, along with grassroots mobilization and nonviolent protests, led to significant legislative and societal changes, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which had a lasting impact on civil rights movements worldwide.

The Indian Independence Movement (late 19th to mid-20th century, India): The Indian Independence Movement was a mass movement against British colonial rule in India. Led by figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose, the movement employed nonviolent resistance, civil disobedience, and political activism to achieve independence. The movement not only led to India's freedom in 1947 but also inspired similar movements across the globe and played a crucial role in the decolonization process in Asia and Africa, reshaping the course of world history.

These three examples demonstrate the significant influence of movements and individuals in shaping world history by driving cultural, political, and social transformations.

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Religious Tolerance

C. Reform Era

E. Industrial Revolution Era / Sectionalism Era / Civil War Era

I. Westward Expansion Era

Due Process

B. Sectionalism / Reconstruction Era

G. Civil War

J. Reconstruction Era

Particularly in the context of the Reconstruction era following the Civil War, questions of legal protection and due process rights were essential during this time. The Civil War had an impact on people's rights and legal processes, making issues with due process pertinent.

The Reform Era aimed to solve social and ethical issues, such as religious tolerance and freedom. Religious tolerance was a persistent problem during these times, particularly in light of disputes between various religious groups and the shifting social dynamics brought on by industrialization and intergroup tensions.

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In 1950, North Korea's goals when it invaded South Korea included quickly invading Seoul, sending a message to the United States, and unifying the Korean peninsula as one communist nation.

When North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, its primary goal was to quickly invade Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and achieve a swift victory. By capturing Seoul, North Korea aimed to establish control over the entire Korean peninsula and unify it under communist rule. This objective aligned with their broader goal of creating a single, communist nation in Korea.

Another goal of North Korea's invasion was to send a message to the United States, which had a significant presence in South Korea and had supported the South Korean government. North Korea wanted to challenge the United States and showcase its determination to resist any perceived interference in Korean affairs.

However, it is important to note that gaining freedom from USSR rule or overthrowing the government of South Korea were not among North Korea's primary goals during the invasion. While North Korea had received support from the Soviet Union, its invasion of South Korea was primarily driven by its own ideological and geopolitical objectives rather than a desire to free itself from USSR control.

In summary, North Korea's main goals in 1950 when it invaded South Korea were to quickly capture Seoul, send a message to the United States, and unify the Korean peninsula as one communist nation.

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Answer:

A,E,F

Explanation:

did the assessment before

The Free Speech Movement influenced Harvard by promoting academic freedom, open dialogue, and activism on campus.

The Free Speech Movement, which began at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1964, had a significant impact on colleges across the United States, including Harvard. At Harvard, the movement contributed to fostering academic freedom, open dialogue, and student activism on campus.

It encouraged students and faculty members to express their opinions, engage in political discussions, and challenge traditional boundaries of academia.

Moreover, the movement led to the establishment of various student organizations and forums for discussing pressing social issues, creating a more inclusive and diverse intellectual environment at Harvard.

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The relationship between the two documents is C. they present conflicting reasons why Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated during World War Two.

The first document, Executive Order 9066, states that the relocation was necessary to protect the nation from espionage and sabotage. The second document, a report by the War Relocation Authority, states that the relocation was not necessary and that it was motivated by racism and prejudice.

The conflicting reasons presented in the two documents suggest that the relocation of Japanese Americans was a complex event with multiple motivations. It is important to consider all of the evidence when trying to understand this event.

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The article most fully develops the perspective of the United States in the 20th century during the Cold War in Asia. The details provided in the article give insights into the U.S. perspective on the situation.

The article focuses primarily on the United States' perspective in the 20th century during the Cold War in Asia. It provides details about the U.S. involvement in the region and its efforts to contain the spread of communism, particularly in countries like China and Korea.

The article highlights the U.S. perception of communism as a threat to democracy and capitalism, leading to its active engagement in military interventions and diplomatic maneuvers.

The article further elaborates on the U.S.'s strategic alliances, such as the formation of SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) and support for anti-communist governments in the region. It mentions the U.S.'s concern about the spread of communism and the potential domino effect if one country were to fall under communist influence.

On the other hand, the article does not fully develop China's perspective during the Cold War in Asia. While China's involvement and perspective are briefly mentioned in relation to the Korean War and its support for North Korea, the article primarily focuses on the United States' actions and policies.

Therefore, China's perspective and motivations behind its actions in the region are not extensively explored or discussed in the article.

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According to Herbart, if a new idea is incompatible with pre-existing ideas, the new idea will be rejected or suppressed.

Herbart, a German philosopher, and psychologist, proposed that when a new idea conflicts with pre-existing ideas or beliefs in an individual's mind, it creates a state of cognitive dissonance. This dissonance occurs when there is a discrepancy between one's current knowledge or beliefs and new information or ideas being presented.

Herbart argued that the mind seeks to maintain internal consistency and coherence, so if a new idea is incompatible with pre-existing ideas, it will be resisted or suppressed.

In other words, Herbart believed that individuals tend to protect their existing knowledge and beliefs by rejecting or ignoring ideas that contradict them. This process of cognitive filtering allows individuals to maintain psychological harmony and avoid the discomfort of cognitive dissonance.

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"communes". In the 1960s, many people formed intentional communities where they lived together and shared resources.

In the '60s, some people went off to live in their own little communities where they shared living spaces, chores, and food. These communities were often called communes, and they were based on principles of cooperation, mutual aid, and anti-materialism. Members of communes worked together to grow food, cook meals, and maintain their living spaces, and many communes also had shared spaces for communal activities like music, art, and political organizing. Overall, communes were a way for people to live more sustainably and communally, and they played an important role in the countercultural movements of the 1960s and 70s.

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Answer:

Before European colonization, the Igbo were not united as a single people but lived in autonomous local communities. By the mid-20th century, however, a sense of ethnic identity was strongly developed, and the Igbo-dominated Eastern region of Nigeria tried to unilaterally secede from Nigeria in 1967 as the independent nation of Biafra.

Explanation:

In 1937, Franklin Roosevelt took an action that almost derailed the entire New Deal. This action was the introduction of a bill to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court from nine to fifteen.

The move was seen as an attempt to pack the court with justices who would be sympathetic to his New Deal policies, which had faced significant opposition from conservative judges.

The bill, known as the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, was widely criticized and viewed as an attack on the independence of the judiciary. It caused a major backlash against Roosevelt and damaged his political capital.

Although the bill ultimately failed to pass, the controversy it generated highlighted the growing opposition to the New Deal and demonstrated the limits of Roosevelt's power. The episode also marked a turning point in Roosevelt's presidency, as he shifted his focus to other initiatives such as social welfare programs and international diplomacy.

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Catherine "Kate" Barnard was a prominent social reformer in Oklahoma who passionately advocated for various causes. Among these, the issue that led to the Oklahoma legislature cutting her department's official budget was her support for improved living conditions for prisoners.Option 3 is the correct answer.

Barnard believed in the humane treatment of prisoners and worked diligently to expose and address the deplorable conditions in Oklahoma's prisons. As the first Commissioner of Charities and Corrections in the state, she conducted investigations into prison facilities and brought attention to issues such as overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, and mistreatment of inmates.

Her unwavering commitment to this cause put her at odds with some powerful interests within the state, particularly those who profited from the existing prison system. In an attempt to undermine her efforts, the Oklahoma legislature decided to cut her department's official budget. Despite these challenges, Barnard's advocacy helped create awareness about the need for prison reform and contributed to the eventual improvement of living conditions for prisoners in Oklahoma.

Therefore the correct answer is option 3

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During his 1968 presidential campaign, Alabama Governor George C. Wallace raised hot-button issues like racial segregation, states rights, and law and order that later became hallmarks of mainstream conservatism.

George C. Wallace's presidential campaign in 1968 centered around controversial issues that resonated with a specific segment of the population, primarily in the South. One of the main issues he raised was racial segregation, advocating for the preservation of Jim Crow laws and resisting the federally mandated desegregation efforts. This stance appealed to many white Americans who were opposed to the civil rights movement and feared the erosion of their social and cultural traditions.

Another key issue Wallace emphasized was stated' rights. He argued that the federal government was encroaching on the sovereignty of individual states, particularly regarding matters such as civil rights legislation. By championing states' rights, Wallace tapped into the broader sentiment of limited government intervention, a principle that would later become central to mainstream conservative ideology.

Additionally, Wallace campaigned on the platform of law and order, emphasizing the need for strong and strict law enforcement to maintain social stability. This message resonated with Americans who felt increasingly concerned about rising crime rates and social unrest during the 1960s.

Although Wallace's bid for the presidency was ultimately unsuccessful, his campaign and the issues he raised had a lasting impact. The ideas of racial segregation, states' rights, and law and order gained traction within the conservative movement and became integral components of the conservative agenda in subsequent years. These issues continue to shape conservative politics and policy discussions, reflecting the enduring influence of George C. Wallace's presidential campaign.

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At the start of the specified time period, the unemployment rate in the country rose from 1.5 million to 15 million, and the GDP decreased from $104 billion to $59 billion.

The given information suggests a significant downturn in the country's economy during the specified time period. The increase in the unemployment rate from 1.5 million to 15 million indicates a substantial rise in joblessness, reflecting a severe economic downturn.

This rise in unemployment signifies a decrease in employment opportunities and highlights the challenges faced by individuals in finding work.

Simultaneously, the decline in GDP from $104 billion to $59 billion indicates a contraction in the country's economic output. GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders.

The decrease in GDP suggests a decline in economic activity and output, which can be attributed to various factors such as reduced consumer spending, decreased investments, or a decline in exports.

Overall, the given data points to a period of economic distress characterized by a significant increase in unemployment and a decline in the country's GDP. These economic indicators reflect the challenging economic conditions faced by individuals and the overall economic contraction experienced during that time.

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c). John McLaughlin was not a guitarist for the Yardbirds

The other three options, Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Eric Clapton, were all guitarists for the Yardbirds at different times. Jimmy Page played with the Yardbirds from 1966 to 1968,

Jeff Beck was with the band from 1965 to 1966 and Eric Clapton played with the Yardbirds from 1963 to 1965. The Yardbirds were an influential British rock band of the 1960s that helped launch the careers of several famous guitarists.

They were known for their experimentation with different musical styles and their innovative use of guitar effects. Some of their most famous songs include "For Your Love," "Heart Full of Soul," and "Shapes of Things."

Therefore the correct option is c). John McLaughlin

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John Maclaughlin was not a guitarist for the Yardbirds. The guitarists for this band were Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Eric Clapton.

The Yardbirds were a famous rock band known for having some of the most talented guitarists of their time. However, John Maclaughlin was not one of them. The guitarists who played for the Yardbirds were Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Eric Clapton.

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The situation discussed in the excerpt concerns Japanese Americans who were likely to lose their jobs during World War II. The correct answer is B) Japanese American.

The situation described in the excerpt involves Japanese-American internment during World War II. Tom Matsu, a Japanese-American resident of Belen, New Mexico, is likely to be fired from his job at A.T. & S.F. R.R. Co. because they have Japanese ancestors.

The letter from the people of Belen suggested that Matsu return to his job, citing his peaceful and law-abiding nature, as well as the fact that his family and children are US citizens. This situation was experienced by many Japanese Americans during World War II, who were forced out of their homes and sent to internment camps. 

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The first straight play by a black playwright to make it to Broadway was in 1959. Therefore, the correct option is B.

The first straight play by a black playwright that made it to Broadway was "A Raisin in the Sun" by Lorraine Hansberry, which premiered in 1959. This groundbreaking play addressed issues of race, segregation, and the pursuit of the American Dream, and has since become a classic in American theater.

The play focuses on the struggles of an African American family living in Chicago and their aspirations for a better life. It was a groundbreaking production, as it was one of the first times that a play written by a black playwright was produced on Broadway. "A Raisin in the Sun" received critical acclaim and went on to have a successful run on Broadway, cementing its place in American theater history. Hence, the correct answer is option B.

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Engels argues that the factory system represents new form of exploitation. This exploitation stems from the introduction of machinery and the concentration of workers in large-scale industrial establishments.

Engels contends that the factory system marks a significant shift in the exploitation of the working class due to several reasons. Firstly, with the advent of machinery, capitalists gained the ability to increase productivity and extract surplus value from labor more efficiently. The mechanization of production processes diminished the need for skilled workers, leading to a surplus of laborers and consequently driving down wages. Workers were easily replaceable and had limited bargaining power, making them vulnerable to exploitation.

Secondly, the factory system concentrated large numbers of workers in a single establishment, fostering an environment of control and supervision. This centralization allowed capitalists to dictate work hours, work pace, and work conditions to maximize profits. Workers faced long hours of labor, monotonous tasks, and strict discipline, as their labor became regulated by the rhythm of machines. The lack of autonomy and flexibility further exacerbated the exploitation experienced by the working class.

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Answer: the Mexican American War.

Explanation:

In 1966, the Sierra Club successfully fought against two dam projects that would have flooded the Grand Canyon in Arizona.

The proposed dams were the Marble Canyon Dam and the Bridge Canyon Dam. These projects were intended to generate hydroelectric power and control floods, but would have had severe environmental impacts on the Grand Canyon.

The Sierra Club and other conservation groups argued that the dams would have destroyed the natural beauty and ecological balance of the area, and also would have impacted Native American communities. The efforts of these groups ultimately led to the cancellation of the dam projects and the protection of the Grand Canyon as a national park.

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  Since the mid-1990s, the policy used on the US-Mexico border has been known as "Prevention through Deterrence," driving hopeful migrants into the hostile terrain of the desert.

  "Prevention through Deterrence" aimed to secure the border by deploying increased border enforcement and surveillance in urban areas, making it more difficult for migrants to cross through traditional entry points. The strategy relied on the assumption that migrants would be deterred by the treacherous desert conditions, discouraging them from attempting to enter the United States. However, instead of deterring migration, the policy has funneled migrants into remote and inhospitable regions, such as the desert, where the chances of survival are low. This has led to a significant increase in migrant deaths due to exposure, dehydration, and other hazards, as migrants are forced to take longer and more perilous routes to evade detection.

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The one that is not an action the Catholic Church took during the Counter-Reformation is: C. promoted the reading of Protestant books and ideas

The Catholic Church did not encourage reading Protestant literature or adopting Protestant beliefs during the Counter-Reformation. In reaction to the Protestant Reformation the Catholic Church underwent a substantial period of reform and revival known as the Counter-Reformation.

The Catholic Church attempted to halt the growth of Protestantism and reestablish its power and beliefs during the Counter-Reformation.

Therefore the correct option is C.

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The statement ' It is possible that an extraterrestrial civilization has explored the Earth at some point in its history' is true due to vastness of the universe and probability of existence of intelligent life forms on other planets.

This is due to the vastness of the universe and the high probability of the existence of other intelligent life forms. With the number of potentially habitable planets in our galaxy alone, it is likely that at least some of them have supported life and developed civilizations capable of interstellar travel.

While we have not yet received any definitive evidence of alien visitation, the possibility cannot be ruled out. There have been many reported sightings and encounters throughout history, and scientific exploration of our solar system and beyond continues to uncover new discoveries that could potentially support the existence of extraterrestrial life. Hence, the statement is true.

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Rose Greenhow provided valuable intelligence to Confederate commanders, while General Stonewall Jackson's defense of the Confederate line played a crucial role in the Confederate victory at Bull Run.

The Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, took place on July 21, 1861, during the American Civil War. It was a significant early engagement between the Union and Confederate forces. The Confederate Army, led by General P.G.T. Beauregard, emerged victorious in this battle.

Rose Greenhow, a Confederate spy, played a crucial role in the Confederate victory at Bull Run. Greenhow provided valuable intelligence to the Confederate commanders, including details about Union troop movements and plans. Her network of spies relayed this information to General Beauregard, allowing him to make strategic decisions based on the Union's movements.

Another key figure in the Confederate victory was General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. Jackson earned his nickname during the battle for his steadfast defense of the Confederate line. His troops, holding a crucial position on Henry Hill, repelled multiple Union assaults, solidifying the Confederate position and demoralizing the Union forces. Jackson's leadership and tactical skill were instrumental in the Confederate victory at Bull Run.

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PUSH factor: The Irish Potato Famine in Ireland from 1845-1849 was characterized by a devastating push factor, which was the widespread failure of the potato crop. PULL factor: A significant pull factor during the Irish Potato Famine was the promise of hope and relief that emigration presented to the Irish population.

PUSH factor: The Irish Potato Famine in Ireland from 1845-1849 was characterized by a devastating push factor, which was the widespread failure of the potato crop. The potato, being the staple food for a significant portion of the Irish population, suffered from a potato blight that destroyed the crops year after year. This catastrophic event pushed the Irish people into a state of extreme poverty and famine, as their main source of sustenance and livelihood was decimated.

PULL factor: A significant pull factor during the Irish Potato Famine was the promise of hope and relief that emigration presented to the Irish population. Faced with dire circumstances and the inability to sustain themselves, many Irish individuals and families were drawn towards the idea of leaving their homeland in search of better opportunities and a chance for survival. Countries such as the United States and Canada offered the prospect of employment, land, and a fresh start, providing a pull factor for the Irish to leave their country in the hopes of a better future. This pull factor fueled a significant wave of Irish emigration during and after the potato famine.

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By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in South Vietnam's favor was to pursue a policy known as "Vietnamization."

Vietnamization aimed to gradually transfer the responsibility for combat operations from American forces to the South Vietnamese military (ARVN).Nixon and Kissinger believed that by reducing U.S. troop levels and increasing support for the ARVN, they could enable the South Vietnamese to take a greater role in defending their country against the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces. This strategy involved providing military training, equipment, and logistical support to the South Vietnamese, while gradually withdrawing American combat forces.

The goal of Vietnamization was to build up the capabilities and confidence of the South Vietnamese military so that they could eventually assume full responsibility for their country's defense. However, it should be noted that despite these efforts, South Vietnam ultimately fell to communist forces in 1975, two years after Nixon's presidency ended.

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Egyptian hieroglyphs remained impenetrable to modern scholars until the 19th century due to various factors. These factors include lack of a deciphering key, the absence of a living tradition of hieroglyphic writing.

Egyptian hieroglyphs presented significant challenges to modern scholars, rendering them impenetrable for a long time. One of the primary obstacles was the lack of a deciphering key. The ancient Egyptians left no explicit instructions or dictionaries explaining the meanings of hieroglyphic signs. Without a clear understanding of the writing system's structure and symbolism, scholars were unable to decipher the texts.

Another hindrance was the absence of a living tradition of hieroglyphic writing. Unlike other ancient writing systems that evolved into modern scripts, hieroglyphs became obsolete after the fourth century CE. The loss of the writing tradition meant that there were no contemporary sources or individuals who could provide insights into the hieroglyphic system.

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In European cities, wealthier people tend to cluster either along a sector extending out from the Central Business District (CBD) or along major highways.

Similar to patterns observed in the United States, wealthier individuals in European cities exhibit a tendency to cluster in specific areas. One common pattern is the sector model, where wealthier residents concentrate in a sector extending out from the CBD. This sector typically corresponds to a desirable direction, such as a waterfront or a scenic area, attracting those with higher incomes.

Additionally, wealthier individuals may also choose to reside along major highways, especially in suburban areas where convenient access to transportation networks and amenities is valued.

These areas often offer a mix of residential, commercial, and recreational facilities, making them attractive to affluent residents.

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Answer:railroad transportation

Explanation: