Do you think there’s sufficient evidence in the article to conclude that bright red leaves in the fall help protect the trees in the winter? Explain your answer.

Article:
Every autumn, traffic creeps along New England’s roads as visitors look everywhere but at the road. These tourists flock to the region as soon as leaves begin to change color from a summery green to spectacular shades of red, orange, yellow, and purple.

“Being in the Northeast during autumn is just about as good as it gets in this country,” says David Lee. He’s a botanist at Florida International University in Miami.

Lee studies leaf color, so he’s biased. But plenty of other people share his admiration. Areas of the United States with especially colorful fall displays attract thousands of leaf peepers.

Even as they “ooh” and “aah,” few people know what makes many plants blush in the autumn. Research has shown that leaves change color when their food-making processes shut off. The chemical chlorophyll, which gives leaves their green color, breaks down. This allows other leaf pigments—yellow and orange—to become visible

But “there’s still a lot we don’t know about this,” Lee says.

It isn’t clear, for example, why different species of plants turn different colors. Or why some trees become redder than others, even when they’re standing right next to each other. And no one knows exactly how global warming will alter forests and affect leaf-peeping season.

Food factory
In summer, when a plant is green, its leaves contain the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs all colors of sunlight except green. We see the reflected green light.

The plant uses the energy it absorbs from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugars (food) and oxygen (waste). The process is called photosynthesis.

As days get shorter and colder in the autumn, chlorophyll molecules break down. Leaves quickly lose their green color. Some leaves begin to look yellow or orange because they still contain pigments called carotenoids. One such pigment, carotene, gives carrots their bright-orange color.

But red is special. This brilliant color appears only because the leaves of some plants, including maples, actually produce new pigments, called anthocyanins.

That’s a strange thing for a plant to do without a reason, says Bill Hoch of the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Why? Because it takes a lot of energy to make anthocyanins.

Why red?
To figure out the purpose of the red pigment, Hoch and his coworkers bred mutant plants that can’t make anthocyanins and compared them with plants that do make anthocyanins. They found that plants that can make red pigments continue to absorb nutrients from their leaves long after the mutant plants have stopped.

This study and others suggest that anthocyanins work like a sunscreen. When chlorophyll breaks down, a plant’s leaves become vulnerable to the sun’s harsh rays. By turning red, plants protect themselves from sun damage. They can continue to take nutrients out of their dying leaves. These reserves help the plants stay healthy through the winter.

The more anthocyanins a plant produces, the redder its leaves become. This explains why colors vary from year to year, and even from tree to tree. Stressful conditions, such as drought and disease, often make a season redder.

Now, Hoch is breeding plants for a new set of experiments. He wants to find out whether turning red helps plants survive cold weather.

“There’s a clear correlation between environments that get colder in the fall and the amount of red produced,” he says. “Red maples turn bright red in Wisconsin. In Florida, they don’t turn nearly as bright.”

More protection
Elsewhere, scientists are looking at anthocyanins in other ways. A recent study in Greece, for instance, found that as leaves grow redder, insects eat them less. On the basis of this observation, some scientists argue that red pigments defend a plant against bugs.

Leaves may turn red in the autumn to protect themselves from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.



J. Miller
Hoch rejects that theory, but Lee thinks that it might make sense. He points out that red leaves contain less nitrogen than green ones do. “It may actually be that insects avoid red leaves because they’re less nutritious,” Lee says.

However, “it’s pretty confusing at this point,” Lee admits. “People debate back and forth.”

To settle the debate, scientists will need to look at more species under more conditions, Lee says. So, he’s now researching leafy plants rather than trees. He’s especially interested in tropical plants, whose leaves turn red when they’re young rather than old.

You can do your own leafy experiments. Observe the trees in your neighborhood and keep track of weather conditions. When autumn begins, write down when the leaves change, which species change first, and how rich the colors are. You can even see anthocyanins under a simple microscope. After several years, you might start to notice some patterns.

Answer:

the cell wall which is the cell membrane

Explanation:

the cell membrane gives the cell its shape and it protects the bacterial cell from the environment.

Answer:

Explanation:

Molecule is the general term used to describe any atoms that are connected by chemical bonds. Every combination of atoms is a molecule. A compound is a molecule made of atoms from different elements. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

Atoms are the building blocks of molecules. A molecule is formed when two or more atoms chemically bond together.

Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in energy levels or orbitals. When atoms combine, they share, donate, or accept electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, forming chemical bonds.

These bonds can be covalent, where atoms share electrons, or ionic, where electrons are transferred between atoms. The arrangement and types of atoms in a molecule determine its chemical properties and behavior. Thus, molecules are composed of specific combinations of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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Answer:

Explanation:

In the higher organism, such as humans, haploid cells are only used for sex cells. In the higher organism, such as humans, all other cells beside sex cells are diploid. Examples of haploid cells are gametes (male or female germ cells). Examples of diploid cells include blood cells, skin cells and muscle cells.

Answer:

Haploid: Haploid cells contain a single set of chromosomes. Gametes are an example of haploid cells produced as a result of meiosis. Examples of gametes are the male and female reproductive cells, the sperm and egg cells respectively.

Diploid: Diploid cells, or somatic cells, contain two complete copies of each chromosome within the cell nucleus. The two copies of one chromosome pair up and are called homologous chromosomes. Examples of diploid cells include skin cells and muscle cells.

Answer:

By drinking nectar

Explanation:

Because the bee will directly benift because it is getting nutrants from the flower. If it brings pollon to a flower, that will benift the bee over time because more flowers will grow over time.

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Answer:

Polar easterlies caused due to rising, warm air above the poles.

Explanation:

Answer:

The water cycle uses plants for uptake of water and transpiration from the surface, so that water can be sent to the atmosphere. Carbon cycle uses plants for uptake of CO2, by which it is removed from the atmosphere (and sent back to atmosphere when the plant is dead).

Hope this helps

Explanation:

The water cycle uses plants for uptake of water and transpiration from the surface, so that water can be sent to the atmosphere. Carbon cycle uses plants for uptake of CO2, by which it is removed from the atmosphere (and sent back to atmosphere when the plant is dead).

okkk will help

Explanation:

Answer:

A-By dropping pollen on the anthers

Explanation:

Answer:

3

Explanation:

when the climate changes sometimes it can make drought occur

Answer:

blank 1 : can detect

blank 2 : homeostatis

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Weathering breaks off small pieces of rock that become part of the soil.

The High Plains is a region in the United States that includes the southern Great Plains and, more specifically, the northern Llano Estacado.

The northernmost Panhandle of Texas, northeastern New Mexico, eastern Colorado, and westernmost Kansas might all be considered parts of the High Plains in the latter meaning.

The Platte, Arkansas, and Canadian rivers drain the high plains, which are typically flat grasslands. Cattle, irrigated and dry farming, as well as some natural gas and petroleum extraction, form the foundation of the economy.

Therefore, Weathering breaks off small pieces of rock that become part of the soil.

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Answer:

Protein i believe  

Explanation:

Answer:

nucleic acid

Explanation:

a complex organic substance present in living cells especially DNA

Answer:

Animals and Human may die

Explanation:

If your talking about natural resources etc trees which give oxygen might not be here (The oxygen will still be in the air for awhile, but it may run out) Animals and us humans may suffocate or starve. Than we have the plants which we use for food or medicine. They wouldn't be here either and we wouldn't be able to take care of ourselves safely and go unharmed.

A person's basic material necessities for a happy existence, health, positive social relationships, security, and their freedom of choice and action are all impacted by changes to ecosystem services.

A resource is an element or component of the environment that an organism needs for healthy development, maintenance, and reproduction in biology and ecology.

One organism's consumption of resources may make them unavailable to other organisms.

Human welfare and ecosystem services have a nonlinear relationship. A marginal increase in environmental services often makes only a small positive impact on human well-being when supply is abundant compared to demand.

However, a little reduction in the service's availability can have a significant negative impact on people's well-being.

Similar to trees, plants provide us with food and the oxygen we breathe; if they disappeared, people and other animals would go hungry and perish.

Thus, this may happen if resources were to become reduced or unavailable.

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Glucose ([tex]C_6H_1_2O_6[/tex]) is definitely an organic compound. This is because it is made of atoms of carbon and hydrogen along with oxygen.

Organic compounds may be characterized as those large classes of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.

According to the context of this question, Glucose is a simple sugar that living cells definitely utilize for energy and accomplishment of their metabolic activities.

According to biochemistry, any natural molecule that consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms is considered organic. So, Glucose is also made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and hence it is an organic compound.

Therefore, Glucose ([tex]C_6H_1_2O_6[/tex]) is definitely an organic compound. This is because it is made of atoms of carbon and hydrogen along with oxygen.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

D is the only answer that works because it portrays the fact of boiling point and the freezing point to be 100 increments apart which is the main concept of the whole passage.

Answer:

I circled the ones you need to circle and such, you just need to copy what I did.

Answer:What are El Niño and La Niña?

El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of a natural climate pattern across the tropical Pacific Ocean that swings back and forth every 3-7 years on average. Together, they are called ENSO (pronounced “en-so”), which is short for El Niño-Southern Oscillation.

The ENSO pattern in the tropical Pacific can be in one of three states: El Niño, Neutral, or La Niña. El Niño (the warm phase) and La Niña (the cool phase) lead to significant differences from the average ocean temperatures, winds, surface pressure, and rainfall across parts of the tropical Pacific. Neutral indicates that conditions are near their long-term average.

Maps of sea surface temperature anomaly in the Pacific Ocean during a strong La Niña (top, December 1988) and El Niño (bottom, December 1997). Maps by NOAA Climate.gov, based on data provided by NOAA View. large versions La Niña | El Niño

What happens during El Niño and La Niña?

During El Niño, the surface winds across the entire tropical Pacific are weaker than usual. Ocean temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean are warmer than average, and rainfall is below average over Indonesia and above average over the central or eastern Pacific.

Rising air motion (which is linked to storms and rainfall) increases over the central or eastern Pacific, and surface pressure there tends to be lower than average.  Meanwhile, an increase in sinking air motion over Indonesia leads to higher surface pressure and dryness.  

walker circulation, ENSO, El Niño, convection, circulation, walker cell, tropical circulation, Pacific Walker Circulation, Pacific Walker Cell

Generalized Walker Circulation (December-February) anomaly during El Niño events, overlaid on map of average sea surface temperature anomalies. Anomalous ocean warming in the central and eastern Pacific (orange) help to shift a rising branch of the Walker Circulation to east of 180°, while sinking branches shift to over the Maritime continent and northern South America. NOAA Climate.gov drawing by Fiona Martin.

During La Niña, it’s the opposite. The surface winds across the entire tropical Pacific are stronger than usual, and most of the tropical Pacific Ocean is cooler than average. Rainfall increases over Indonesia (where waters remain warm) and decreases over the central tropical Pacific (which is cool). Over Indonesia, there is more rising air motion and lower surface pressure. There is more sinking air motion over the cooler waters of the central and eastern Pacific.

walker circulation, ENSO, La Niña, convection, circulation, walker cell, tropical circulation, Pacific Walker Circulation, Pacific Walker Cell

Generalized Walker Circulation (December-February) anomaly during La Niña events, overlaid on map of average sea surface temperature anomalies. Anomalous ocean cooling (blue-green) in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean and warming over the western Pacific Ocean enhance the rising branch of the Walker circulation over the Maritime Continent and the sinking branch over the eastern Pacific Ocean. Enhanced rising motion is also observed over northern South America, while anomalous sinking motion is found over eastern Africa. NOAA Climate.gov drawing by Fiona Martin.

Between the warm phase (El Niño) and cool phase (La Niña), scientists describe conditions as “ENSO-neutral.” Neutral means that the temperatures, winds, convection (rising air), and rainfall across the tropical Pacific are near their long-term averages.  

Walker Circulation - ENSO Neutral

Explanation:

Answer:

Organisms play an important role in the carbon cycle in the following ways: Animals obtain their carbon by eating plants; they release carbon in respiration. ... Micrororganisms (such as fungi and bacteria) return carbon to the environment when they decompose dead plants and animals.

Explanation:

Answer:

ill go with D

Explanation:

because more blue is in the west and blue is referendums

Answer:

B dominant allele

Explanation:

B is the correct answer, I just took the test

Mark Branliest PLEASE

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

A recessive allele is an allele that gets covered up by a dominant allele.

Example -

Lets say that two people were breeding. Brown hair would be the dominant trait, with blonde as a recessive. If the male has the allele Bb, and the female has bb, then you would put these into a table. Your outcome would come as

      B       b

b    Bb     bb

b    Bb     bb

So there would be a 50/50 chance of the offspring having brunette or blonde hair.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

a paintbrush made from horse hair

Explanation:

Answer:

D, a paintbrush made from horse hair

Explanation: I did the test

Answer:

When homologous chromosome pairs align on the spindle during metaphase I the orientation of one pair is independent of the orientation of any other pair. This is known as independent assortment. Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged as 23 pairs.

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Random

2. combinations

3. sex

Explanation:

i got it right on edge

I was gonna try to help but then i realized i need help on the same question l m ao   Explanation:

The following would provide the best evidence for the theory of evolution: fossils of ancient tigers that had larger ears than tigers have today, which are present in Option a.

The best evidence for the theory of evolution would be fossils of ancient species that show significant differences from modern species, as these fossils can provide direct evidence of the process of evolution. For example, if there were fossils of ancient tigers that had larger ears than modern tigers, this would suggest that the size and shape of the ears of tigers have evolved over time, likely due to some selective pressures such as environmental changes, predator-prey interactions, or sexual selection.

Hence, the correct answer is fossils of ancient tigers that had larger ears than tigers have today, which are present in Option a.

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