Pre-mRNA transcripts are created during transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase (green), which uses DNA as a template (pink). The pre-mRNA gets transformed into a mature mRNA molecule.
In which can then be translated to produce the protein molecule (polypeptide) that the original gene intended. Transcription and translation are the processes by which DNA is converted into RNA and used to make proteins, respectively. Gene expression begins with transcription.
To create an RNA molecule, the DNA sequence of a gene must be copied. RNA polymerases, which join nucleotides to create an RNA strand, carry out transcription (using a DNA strand as a template). A group of proteins help in the unwinding of DNA to prepare it for replication.
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Correct Question:
Explain about Dna replicates then is translated into rna What is the there in to proteins that then assist in dna replication so the cell cycles to support self replication.
Ihe fast and long-distance movement of mitochondria along the axon of animal nerve cells is thought to be facilitated mainly by the motor proteins dynein and kinesin. Which (if any) of the following drugs is/are expected to reduce movement of mitochondria between the cell body and the terminal branch of an axon in animal nerve cells? (Circle YES or NO). YES/NO Excess 3-O-methyl glucose in the medium (prevents glycolysis by reducing glucose use by cells) YES/NO FCCP (inhibits mitochondrial production of ATP) YES/NO Cytochalasin D (disrupts actin filaments) activity) YES/NO BDM (inhibits myosin motor
The majority of the hydrogen gas required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by mtDNA, which are lattice cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular).
What are mitochondria and what function do they do?Phosphocreatine, a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the biochemical energy generated by the mitochondria.Kinesin, dynein, and myosin work together just to move the mitochondria.
Additionally, motors, an anchoring mechanism, and a sensor are part of mitochondrial movement. Cyclin—dependent kinases kinase 5 inhibition and Transcription factor kinase 3 activation are other ways to stop mitochondrial mobility.
Kinesin 1, which is essential for mitochondria motility, is released by CDK5 and GSK3. No, since inhibiting metabolism has no impact on the mobility of mitochondria.
Because FCCP suppresses ATP synthase and decouples the acid gradient across the inner membrane, it can also stop mitochondria transport.
Therefore, Yes, as fibres in axons travel together with organelles. Mitochondrial mobility won't be happening if the actin filament is damaged. Yes, since mitochondrial axonal transportation is bidirectional.
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Humans have changed their environment through technological development. Hypothesize what changes will occur to humans as a result of this large change in environment.
Humans have been altering the physical environment for thousands of years, whether it be through destroying farms to grow crops or muddying streams to divert and store water.
What characteristics does water have?
Although the structure of water molecules (H 2 O) is straightforward, the compound's physical and chemical characteristics are incredibly complex and unlike to those of most compounds found on Earth.
What does water consist of?
University of Illinois at Plano Department of Chemistry Professor and Associate Head. author of many books, including Chemical Fundamentals. Water is a substance that exists in the gas, liquid, and solid phases and is made up of the chemical components oxygen and hydrogen. One of most prevalent and necessary substances is it.
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Which of these would cause the most physical weathering?
• A. A shallow, slow-moving river
• B. Sand being blown across a field
• c. A deep, fast-moving river
D. The roots of a large tree
The roots of a large tree would cause the most physical weathering. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What is physical weathering?Physical weathering is the breakdown of rocks, soils, and minerals through mechanical or physical forces, without any change in their chemical composition. This process can occur due to temperature changes, freezing and thawing, abrasion, and the actions of plants and animals.
Physical weathering can lead to the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces, which can then be more easily transported by wind, water, or ice. It can also create new surfaces on rocks, which can be more easily attacked by chemical weathering.
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all of the following are essential for an electron transport chain to function except . multiple choice question. protein complexes that function as proton pumps a membrane a terminal electron acceptor atp electron carriers such as quinones, cytochromes, and flavoproteins electrons
All of the above described are essential for an electron transport chain to function except atp, which is the product of the synthesis of energy.
What is the electron transport chain of cell respiration?The electron transport chain of cellular respiration is a series of steps in oxidative phosphorylation that used different proteins to generate ATP, the energy coin of the cell.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the electron transport chain of the cell respiration generates ate which is used to carry out metabolic functions in the cell.
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place the events that occur in the transition from endospore to a vegetative cell in order. put the first event at the top.
The events that occur in the transition from endospore to a vegetative cell in order are : activation, germination and outgrowth.
What is the transition from endospore to vegetative cell?The process of conversion of endospore to vegetative cell has three steps: activation, germination, and outgrowth. In some species, mild heat treatment is able to activate process of germination and even without activation, germination can occur when environmental conditions are suitable for cell growth.
Vegetative cell is the active form for bacterial cells and the endospore can be thought of as a dormant form of the cell. It allows for survival of the adverse conditions but it does not allow the cell to grow or reproduce.
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cgegg based on your knowledge from the d103 cell bio class, which of the following amino acid changes would you make to prevent assembly of the nuclear lamina?
The nuclear lamina helps in breaking as just a function of phosphorylation of the lamina. Thus, inhibiting phosphorylation or dephosphorylation maintains the integrity of a nuclear lamina.
What is the phosphorylation procedure?Phosphorylation is a biological procedure in which phosphate is added to an organic molecule. As two examples, phosphate can be added to glucose to create glucose monophosphate or to adenosine phosphate group (ADP) to create adenosine triphosphate.
How does phosphorylation function and what is it?By altering the protein's structure, phosphorylation controls protein activity and cell signaling. The protein may be impacted by these modifications in one of two ways. First, the protein's catalytic activity is controlled by conformational alterations.
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assuming the population is in hardy weinberg equilibruym, what is the frequency of the aa genotype in this population
The frequency of the aa genotype in a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is simply the square of the frequency of the recessive allele (a).
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive allele (a) is represented by q, and the frequency of the dominant allele (A) is represented by p. Therefore, q^2 represents the frequency of the aa genotype.
This means that if the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.4 (q=0.4), the frequency of the aa genotype would be 0.16 (q^2=0.40.4=0.16). Similarly, if the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.2 (q=0.2), the frequency of the aa genotype would be 0.04 (q^2=0.20.2=0.04).
Overall, understanding the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allows us to predict the frequency of genotypes in a population and study the effects of evolutionary factors such as genetic drift, mutation, migration, and selection.
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true/false. a group includes its most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants, a group includes its most recent common ancestor but not all of its descendants, and a group does not include the most recent common ancestor of the organisms within the group.
All organisms in a taxon that have the same most recent common ancestor, including the ancestor, are included in monophyletic groups. A group is deemed paraphyletic.
What group is made up of all the descendants of the most recent common ancestor?A group of creatures is said to be monophyletic if all of its members share a most recent common ancestor, as well as all of that ancestor's descendants. A clade is a monophyletic group.
What is an organismal group that consists of an ancestor and all of its offspring?A clade is a collection of organisms that comprises both its ancestor and all of its offspring. A clade can be compared to a branch on the tree of life. The tree below displays a few clade examples.
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Which of the following is the best explanation for why the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria?
A) This provides the energy needed to fight kidney infection.
B) A great deal of active transport takes place in the PCT.
C) Contraction of the PCT moves filtrate through the tubule.
D) Cells of the PCT go through a great deal of mitosis.
The best explanation for the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contain so many mitochondria is contraction of the PCT moves filtrate through the tubule.
What are the functions of proximal convoluted tubules?The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is a segment of the renal tubule responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and water. The PCT is located in the renal cortex, the outer part of the kidney, and is the first segment of the renal tubule.
The proximal tubule contributes to fluid, electrolyte, and nutrient homeostasis by reabsorbing approximately 60%–70% of the water and NaCl, a greater proportion of the NaHCO3, and nearly all of the nutrients in the ultrafiltrate.
A large amount of reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule. Reabsorption is when water and solutes within the PCT are transported into the bloodstream. In the PCT this process occurs via bulk transport.
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What is the positively charged protein that is part of the nucleosome?
Histone is basically a positively charged protein which is a part of the nucleosome.
Histones are basically positively charged, highly basic proteins which are abundant in lysine as well as the arginine residues which are found in the eukaryotic cell nuclei. They happen to act as spools around which the DNA winds in order to create structural units which are known as the nucleosomes. They play a very crucial role in the packaging of DNA.
There are basically five families of the histone proteins which are the designated H1/H5 (also known as linker histones), H2, H3, as well as H4 (which are the core histones). The nucleosome core is composed of two H2A-H2B dimers as well as a H3-H4 tetramer. The negatively charged winds around the positively charged histones.
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Select all the past scientific conclusions that were later revised due to technological inventions and new data analysis methods.
The Earth is flat.
The Earth is the center of the universe.
All organisms are either plants or animals.
All of space is flat. The universe is centred on the earth. Either plants nor animals make up all living things.
It contains a summary of the findings, a determination of whether the hypothesis was confirmed, the importance of this study, and suggestions for further investigation. What exactly is a test? It is a thorough process intended to verify a hypothesis. If a new or revised theory explains all the old concept did and then some, scientists are inclined to accept it. All of space is flat. The universe is centred on the earth. Either plants nor animals make up all living things. Data analysis is the act of figuring out what the results of an experiment indicate, identifying patterns in that data, and speculating on the significance of those patterns.
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Which stage of the demographic transition would the United States be in?
Industrializing
Postindustrial
Preindustrial
Mature industrial
The United States has a relatively low birth rate and a high life expectancy, characteristic of the mature industrial stage.
What is the mature industrial stage?In the mature industrial stage, birth rates have declined due to increased access to family planning and women's education. Death rates have also declined due to improved public health and medical care. As a result, population growth is slower, and the population's age structure shifts towards an older demographic.
Explain demographic transition.The demographic transition is a model that describes changes in birth and death rates over time in a population as it transitions from preindustrial to industrial and postindustrial societies.
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Please help
The breakdown of rock via the forces of water, wind, and temperature variation is known as _____. During this process, rocks are broken down into pieces known as _____.
A) sedimentation; igneous
B) metamorphism; sediment
C) weathering; sediment
D) weathering; erosion
Answer: C) weathering; sediment
Explanation:
C) weathering; sediment. Weathering is the breakdown of rock via the forces of water, wind, and temperature variation. During this process, rocks are broken down into pieces known as sediment. Sediment can be any type of material, such as sand, gravel, or even silt.
What is binomial nomenclature?
Answer:
a system of naming plants and animals in which each species is given a name consisting of two terms of which the first names the genus and the second the species itself.
Explanation:
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Answer:
In biology, there is a system for naming species called binomial nomenclature. It consists of two Latin names, the first of which designates the genus and the second of which designates the species that belongs to that genus. The first letter of a species name is not capitalised, whereas the first letter of a genus name is always capitalised. Italics are always used to denote the species name.
Explanation:
Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, developed the binomial nomenclature, which is still in use today. This methodology offers a consistent method for naming species and enables straightforward communication among scientists as well as across national boundaries and linguistic barriers.
For example, the domestic cat's scientific name is Felis catus. Felis, the first term, refers to the genus, and catus, the second name, to the species found in that genus.
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What type of gas is a source of air pollution?
O oxygen
O helium
O carbon dioxide
O carbon monoxide
What are the two types of imhertiance put forward by gregor mendel
The two types of inheritance which lead to the formulation of Mendel's laws known as laws of inheritance which are Law of Dominance and Law of Segregation.
What are Mendel's law?Mendel's laws of inheritance include 3 laws which are law of dominance, law of segregation and law of independent assortment.
The law of dominance states that the hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype. The law of segregation states that each individual has two alleles where, only one allele is passed to the offspring, while the law of independent assortment states that the inheritance of one pair of genes is independent of the inheritance of the other pair.
Thus, the two types of inheritance which lead to the formulation of Mendel's laws known as laws of inheritance which are Law of Dominance and Law of Segregation.
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While fishing, a biology student makes the following observations:
1) Water spiders appear to be able walk on the surface of the water.
2) Flat rocks may be made to skip across the water.
Which of the following properties of water can explain these observations?
A) Water is an excellent solvent.
B) Water molecules create spheres of hydration around solute molecules.
C) Water molecules are cohesive.
D) Water molecules are often associated via hydrogen bonds.
E) both choices C and D
These facts can be explained by the cohesiveness of water molecules and the frequent association of water molecules through hydrogen bonds. Hence option 'E' is correct.
What does a water hydrogen bond do?The distinction in charge among hydrogen ions that are slightly positive and other hydrogen ions that are slightly negative results in hydrogen bonds, which are electrostatic forces that attract. Hydrogen bond is formed between nearby oxygen and hydrogen atoms of nearby water molecules with in case of water.
The formation of hydrogen bonds?Hydrogen bonding is a special sort of a dipole-dipole interaction among molecules that does not involve covalent binding to a hydrogen atom. It comes from of the force of attraction between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom that is covalently bound to an extremely electronegative atom, such as an N, O, or F atom.
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List the four types of bases found in a DNA molecule
Answer:
There are four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
Explanation:
Hope it helps:)
Answer:
There are four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
Explanation:
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fill in the blank. someone with a split brain will have trouble verbally identifying an object projected in their___visual field. please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices upper lower right left
Answer: Left
Explanation:
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Draw a model to show how the metamorphic rock gneiss forms and then changes into a sedimentary rock. Your model should include how and where the rocks form and the source of energy for each change. Be sure to label each part of your model and describe what it shows.
Answer:
Metamorphic rock gneiss is formed by changing schist, granite, or volcanic rocks through intense heat and pressure.Metamorphic rock gneiss is turned into a sedimentary rock due to geologic uplift and the erosion of the rock and soil above them. Metamorphic rocks will be exposed to weathering processes at the surface and may break down into sediment. Once the gneiss is turned into the sediment, they could be compressed to make sedimentary rocks, restarting the cycle.Explanation:
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select all of these that are events of telophase i of meiosis. multiple select question. the nuclear membrane breaks down in most species homologues are aligned at the center of the cell chromosomes condense in most species the nuclear membrane reforms in most species homologues have reached their respective poles
The centrosomes separate, the chromatin compacts into smaller structures, and the nucleus loses some of its pronounced features.
What happens during the first meiotic telophase?Telophase I refers to the final stage of meiosis I. The nuclear membrane is repaired, the microtubules disassemble, and the spinning returns to its uncondensed state during telophase I. The splits into two heterogeneous daughter cells during the subsequent cytokinesis process.
What telophase 1 phases are there?After the genomes have finished migrating to the opposing ends of the cell, the stage is known as telophase I. Then two daughter cells will be created through cytokinesis. Following metaphase, these sister chromatids would pass through meiosis I and produce chromosomes that were genetically distinct.
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Explain how influx of sodium results in a depolarization of neuron membrane in a positive feedback fashion?
The influx of sodium ions occurs when a stimulus is received by the nerve cells. This causes the opening of sodium ions channels, which changes the membrane voltage into positive and thus the stage of depolarization is achieved. This is done in order to begin next action potential.
Nerve cells are the neurons that function to transmit information in the form of electrical signals across the whole body. The nerve cells are the longest cells of the body as their structure is composed of a cell body with several dendrites and a long axon.
Action potential is the sequence of rapid changes in the membrane potential carried out to transmit the information from the nerve cell to another nerve cell, any other cell or tissue.
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ACCORDING TO MODERN THEORIES, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A FUNCTION OF HUMAN HAIR? MAINTAIN TEMPERATURE OF TRUNK & LIMBS, TRANSMISSION OF SEXUAL SCENTS, MAINTAIN TEMPERATURE OF THE HEAD, PROTECT FROM DEBRIS, EXPRESS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION.
According to the modern theories, the function of human hair is: maintain temperature of trunk and limbs.
Hairs are the filament like structures that emerge out from the body through the skin. The hairs are made up of proteins like the keratin. The hair emerges from the hair root and the region flanking outside the skin is called shaft.
The normal range of body temperature in which all the organs can function appropriately is 36.5–37.5 °C. The hairs of the whole body are also involved in thermoregulation as they lie flat when the temperature is warm and rise up when the body feels cold.
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Suppose a diploid European wild raspberry is completely heterozygous at all 14 of its chromosomes (2n = 14). How many different combinations of gametes can be produced by this European wild raspberry, assuming no homologous recombination between chromosomes? How many different combinations of gametes can be produced ?
Since the wild raspberry in Europe is diploid, there are two possible arrangements for its seven chromosomes.
Definition. Human cells are diploid, meaning they have 46 chromosomes, 22 combinations of autosomes, and a pair of intercourse chromosomes. A diploid cell is one that has each chromosome has two copies. Since the wild raspberry in Europe is diploid, there are two possible arrangements for its seven chromosomes. There are roughly 70,368,744,177,664 potential allele combinations for these genes in humans. There are two equally likely arrangements again for chromosomes inherited from of the two parents in a diploid cell having four chromosome (two homologous pairs) during metaphase I.
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if bsae pairs are distributed randomly throughput the chromosone, which of the following is closest to the number of cuts you would expect hind11 to amke
HindIII is a restriction enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and cuts both strands at that location.
If base pairs are distributed randomly throughout the chromosome, then we can assume that the probability of HindIII recognizing and cutting at any given location is equal. The specific DNA sequence recognized by HindIII is AAGCTT, which occurs once in every 4096 base pairs on average. Therefore, if we assume a chromosome size of 3 billion base pairs, we can estimate that HindIII would make approximately 732,421 cuts throughout the chromosome. However, it is important to note that this is just an estimate and the actual number of cuts could vary due to factors such as the presence of other restriction enzyme recognition sites and the three-dimensional structure of the chromosome. HindIII is a restriction enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and cuts both strands at that location.
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which of the following is the proper description of the human body in the anatomical position
Anatomical posture, also known as conventional anatomical position, describes how the body is positioned while it is standing straight up, facing forward, with both arms hanging by its sides and palms facing front.
Why is anatomical position significant? What is it?The body is upright in the anatomical posture, with the feet slightly apart and the arms at the sides. It is simple to recall since it looks similar to "standing at attention," with the exception that the palms are facing forward and the thumbs are pointing away from the body.
A person is standing straight up with their lower limbs close together or slightly apart, their feet flat on the ground, their palms facing front, and their upper limbs at their sides.
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The articulations (joints) of the body tend to follow a pattern of increased strength causing less motion at the joint. Which of these joints is the strongest?
The body's articulations (joints) often follow a pattern of increasing strength while decreasing joint motion. The strongest joint in these joints is the one between the frontal bone and a parietal bone.
In a ball-and-socket joint, one bone's rounded, ball-like end slides into the cup-shaped socket of another bone. Due to the possibility of all movement types in all directions, this organization offers the widest range of motion. Joint with a ball and socket.
The ball-and-socket joint has the broadest range of motion. The concave articulation (the socket) of one bone fits into the rounded head (the ball) of the neighbouring bone at these joints.
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Correct Question:
The articulations (joints) of the body tend to follow a pattern of increased strength causing less motion at the joint. What type of these joints is the strongest?
Environmental resistance causes populations to A. increase C. decline B. grow D. remain stable
What is Nuclear envelope function or characteristic
Answer:
Envoiyer du nucleaire
Explanation:
logique
all of the following events occur during telophase except that the . multiple choice question. nuclear membrane reforms to produce two separate nuclei pairs of sister chromatids begin to separate from each other chromosomes reach their respective poles and decondense nucleolus or nucleoli become visible
All of the following events occur during telophase except :pairs of sister chromatids begin to separate from each other.
What happens in telophase?During telophase, nuclear membrane reforms to produce two separate nuclei, chromosomes reach their respective poles, and the nucleolus become visible again. Separation of sister chromatids into individual chromosomes actually occurs during anaphase, which is the preceding stage of mitosis.
In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move towards opposite poles of cell. Once the chromatids have reached their respective poles, cell progresses into telophase, during which nuclear envelope reforms around two sets of chromosomes, spindle fibers disassemble, and chromosomes begin to decondense. Cell divides in cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells.
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