Determine and prove whether an argument in English is valid or invalid. Prove whether each argument is valid or invalid. First find the form of the argument by defining predicates and expressing the hypotheses and the conclusion using the predicates. If the argument is valid, then use the rules of inference to prove that the form is valid. If the argument is invalid, give values for the predicates you defined for a small domain that demonstrate the argument is invalid. QUESTION A AND B ALREADY SOLVED. PLEASE solve part C, D, E using same method, and give some explantion for your answer. THANKS! The domain for each problem is the set of students in a class. (a) Every student on the honor roll received an A. No student who got a detention received an A. No student who got a detention is on the honor roll. H(x): x is on the honor roll A(x): x received an A. D(x): x got a detention.

Answers

Answer 1

Hello! I'm happy to help you out in this matter. Following is the answer to your argument :

(c) Every student who received an A is on the honor roll.
H(x): x is on the honor roll
A(x): x received an A.
This argument is invalid. We can show this by giving a counterexample. For example, consider a scenario where there is a student named John who received an A, but he is not on the honor roll. This scenario contradicts the conclusion of the argument, which states that every student who received an A is on the honor roll. Therefore, the argument is invalid.

(d) No student who is on the honor roll received a detention.
H(x): x is on the honor roll
D(x): x got a detention.
This argument is valid. We can prove its validity using the rules of inference. The argument can be written symbolically as ¬∃x(H(x) ∧ D(x)), which can be rewritten using De Morgan's law as ∀x(¬H(x) ∨ ¬D(x)). This is a valid argument form known as the rule of inference called universal instantiation.

(e) Every student who did not receive an A got a detention.
A(x): x received an A.
D(x): x got a detention.
This argument is invalid. We can show this by giving a counterexample. For example, consider a scenario where there is a student named Sarah who did not receive an A, but she did not get a detention either. This scenario contradicts the conclusion of the argument, which states that every student who did not receive an A got a detention. Therefore, the argument is invalid.

Learn more about validity at https://brainly.com/question/13012369

#SPJ11


Related Questions

Is anyone able to translate these TwT

Answers

Answer:

its chinese

FUME WU tJJ V 2 OUL3 350DSOUL3

That’s in Japanese.

nombra los mitos colombiano que has conocido atraves de la literatura​

Answers

Answer:

La llorona

La patasola

La sayona

La mancarita

El silbon

Hombre caimán

Muqui

Sacerdote sin cabeza

What's a thing that you love the most?​

Answers

Answer: Spending time with friend and family.

how to write or spell 'i love you' 'i miss you' in Korean and Chinese!!

Answers

Answer:

사랑해

난 당신이 그리워요

Explanation:

the top is I love you

and the bottom is I miss you

in korean, they are pronounced

salanghae

nan dangsin-i geuliwoyo

Answer: 我想念你 I miss you 我愛你 I love you Chinese

난 당신이 그리워요 I miss you 사랑해 I love you Korean

Explanation:

Which statement best describes the process of erosion?

Answers

wind, water, and ice wear down and carry away rock, soil, and sand.

Due to the complaints he hears daily from his sister, Johan already had background knowledge of how most Indians talk. She often rants about how awful Indians' speaking skills are. And that listening to them would lead you to want to take an aspirin. As a result, when he had an urgent meeting with an Indian staff member, he only acted as if he was listening to end the meeting quickly. Which of the following barriers in communication is being implied in the situation

Answers

According to the information we can infer that the barrier implied in the situation is Cultural barrier (option A).

Which barriers in communication is being implied in the situation?

In the given situation, the barrier in communication that is being implied is a cultural barrier. Johan's preconceived notions and biases about how most Indians speak, based on the complaints he hears from his sister, create a cultural barrier.

Additionally, his sister's negative comments about Indians' speaking skills have shaped his perception and created a stereotype. This cultural barrier hinders Johan from actively listening and engaging in the meeting with the Indian staff member, leading him to only pretend to listen and rush the meeting.

According to the above, it highlights a lack of cultural understanding and sensitivity, which can impede effective communication and collaboration.

Learn more about communication in: https://brainly.com/question/29811467
#SPJ4

Read the excerpt from the passage. ". . . You could almost see that thought turn in him as he turned, and pace in him as he paced; so completely possessing him, indeed, that it all but seemed the inward mold of every outer movement. "


Which idea does the author convey through the use of figurative language?

Answers

The author uses figurative language to convey the idea that the character's thought is deeply ingrained and influential in his actions.

The idea that is conveyed

The phrase "you could almost see that thought turn in him as he turned" suggests a strong correlation between the character's mental process and his physical movements.

The use of the word "pace" further emphasizes the connection, as it implies a rhythmic and repetitive motion that mirrors the character's thought process.

By describing the thought as "the inward mold of every outer movement," the author suggests that it shapes and molds the character's behavior in a profound and pervasive manner. Overall, the figurative language portrays the character's thoughts as a powerful force that drives and directs his actions.

Read more on ideas that are conveyed here https://brainly.com/question/1914190

#SPJ4

लंडनमधील सेंट पॅन्क्रास स्टेशनवरून युरोस्टार ट्रेनने मी व आदित्य पॅरिसला जाण्यासाठी निघाली.
दुपारी बाराच्या सुमारास आम्ही पॅरिसमधील ‘गरे डु नॉर्ड' स्टेशनवर उतरलो. मग एका छानदार हॉटेलात आम्ही
पोटपूजा केली आणि नंतर आम्ही पॅरिस पाहायला निघालो.
सर्वप्रथम आम्ही 'एस्पनाद दिसेनवेलिद' ही आर्मी म्युझियमची देखणी इमारत पाहिली. मग पॅरिसचे
मुख्य आकर्षण असलेल्या 'आयफेल टॉवर' कडे आम्ही निघालो. फ्रेंच क्रांतीला शंभर वर्ष पूर्ण झाल्याच्या
प्रीत्यर्थ बांधली गेलेली सुमारे ३२५ मीटर उंचीची ही वास्तू ! याच्या निर्मितीचे श्रेय गुस्ताव्ह आयफेल या फ्रेंच
वास्तुशास्त्रकाराकडे जाते. दूरवरून जेव्हा आम्हाला आयफेल टॉवरचे दर्शन झाले, तेव्हा खूपच रोमांचकारी
वाटले. तिथे देशविदेशातील हजारो पर्यटकांची गर्दी होती. आम्ही रांगेतून आयफेल टॉवरच्या टॉपवर जाण्यासाठी
निघालो. तीन लिफ्टमधून आम्ही आयफेल टॉवरच्या सर्वांत वरच्या टोकावर पोहोचलो. युरोप टूरचं सार्थक
त्या जगप्रसिद्ध आयफेल टॉवरवर आदित्याचे अनेक फोटो मी काढले, तेव्हा त्याच्या उल्हासाला सीमा नव्हती!
तेथून आम्ही साइन नदीवर बोटिंगसाठी निघालो. सारांश लेखन मराठी​

Answers

Answer:

what l dont now lauege sorry l dont now

translate this ( こんにちは、私の質問に答えてくれてありがとう)

Answers

Answer: Hello, Thank you for the answer to my question

:) You're very welcome

Answer:

Hello, Thank you for the answer to my question,,

Explanation:

is that it?

cuales fueron los principales autores de la generación decapitada y sus producciones literarias

Answers

Los cuatro poetas que conforman esta generación se inspiraron en dos fuentes: el nuevo lenguaje de Rubén Darío y el simbolismo y parnasianismo de los poetas franceses Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud y Paul Verlaine. Por otra parte, todos ellos fueron amigos y mantuvieron una intensa relación epistolar.

The mean number of pets owned by the population of students at a large high school is 3. 2 pets per student with a standard deviation of 1. 7 pets. A random sample of 16 students will be selected




and the mean number of pets for the sample will be calculated.




What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 16?




A




1. 7




B




32




cv




D




V.

Answers

The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 16 is 3.2 pets per student.

The given mean number of pets owned by the population of students at a large high school is 3.2 pets per student with a standard deviation of 1.7 pets.

A random sample of 16 students will be selected, and the mean number of pets for the sample will be calculated.The sampling distribution of the sample mean can be calculated using the formula:

µx = µ = 3.2

where µ is the population mean and µx is the sample mean.

Therefore, the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean for samples of size 16 is 3.2 pets per student.

Learn more about standard deviation at:

https://brainly.com/question/31598813

#SPJ11

Essay about boys have feelings too

Answers

Answer:

yes iknow that

Explanation:

see you

dont forget to brainliest me

How do people decide whether to evacuate during natural disasters? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

It’s an actively learn assignment and the article it’s called How social networks can save lives when disasters strike.

I’ll give a brain list to the best answer , please help.

Answers

Hey there!

People decide by figuring out how bad it actually is, and if they think whether they wil be safe or not. They also decide if they think their house will be okay, or not, and personal things can decide too.

Have a great day!

Se liga nesse aplicativo! São milhões de alunos se ajudando na lição de casa. https://brainly.app.link/qpzV02MawO​

Answers

Answer:

no

Explanation:

Discuss three factors which could make the students concerns to recur
on a campaign about fees must fall

Answers

Some factors that may cause students' concerns to recur in a campaign about fees must fall could be:

The growth in enrollment ratesStudent debtsInequality in educational accessWhen is a campaign effective?

When it is aligned with the public and the purpose for which it was created. In the case of a campaign that discusses whether student fees should fall, issues that contribute to inequality in the educational system and contribute to structural inequality in the country must be discussed.

Therefore, to think of important topics in a discussion, you must think critically about the subjects that may be relevant and contribute to the solution of a problem.

Find more about campaigns at:

https://brainly.com/question/1086036

#SPJ1

Determinar características básicas del Realismo mágico.​

Answers

Answer:

Characteristics

1.Fantastical elements. Magical realism portrays fantastical events in an otherwise realistic tone.

2.Real-world setting.

3.Authorial reticence.

4.Plenitude.

5.Hybridity.

6.Metafiction.

7.Heightened awareness of mystery.

8.Political critique.

Explanation:

here are clouds forming over Florida. The temperatures in the clouds and in the air are above freezing. Which form of precipitation do you expect Florida to get and why?hate me

Answers

Answer: Rain

Explanation:

Based on the information given in the question, the form of precipitation that is expected in Florida is rain. This is because the temperatures in the clouds and the temperature that is in the air are above freezing as we are informed in the question, that is, above 32°F.

Assuming the precipitation was snow, this will be as a result of the air being above freezing. Therefore, the answer to the above question is rain.

Summarize Othello Act 3, scenes 1 -2 (pp. 54-56).

Answers

24 quarks to the 4th

welp 10 points
have a good day

Answers

Explanation:

We Can't answer this without Chapter 5.

Ano ano ang naging ambag ng mga nasabing social media site sa mga tao​

Answers

Answer:

Ang social media ay makakatulong sa atin sa pamamagitan ng paghahanap ng trabaho,nakakatulong rin sa atin sa pag sagut ng mga assignment natin at marami pang iba...

Why don't birds get electrocuted when they land on an electric wire? explain in Malayalam.​

Answers

The reason birds don't get electrocuted when they touch a wire is because there isn't a potential difference when touching just that electrical source.

Why don't birds get electrocuted?

ഉയർന്ന വോൾട്ടേജ് കേബിളിൽ സ്പർശിക്കുമ്പോൾ പക്ഷികൾ വൈദ്യുതാഘാതം ഏൽക്കാത്തതിന്റെ പ്രധാന കാരണം, അവയുടെ വലിപ്പം കാരണം, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും പ്രതലവുമായുള്ള സമ്പർക്കം ഒഴിവാക്കിക്കൊണ്ട് അവയ്ക്ക് പൂർണ്ണമായും അതിൽ ഇരിക്കാൻ കഴിയും എന്നതാണ്.

മേൽപ്പറഞ്ഞവ കാരണം, കറന്റ് പക്ഷിയുടെ ശരീരത്തിലൂടെ വളരെ സാവധാനത്തിൽ കടന്നുപോകുന്നു, അതിനാൽ അത് വേഗത്തിലുള്ള ഒഴുക്ക് നൽകുന്ന കേബിളിൽ അതിന്റെ ഗതി പിന്തുടരാനുള്ള സാധ്യത കൂടുതലാണ്.

If you want to learn more about Electric Current, you can visit the following link: https://brainly.com/question/9405039

#SPJ1

7. in writing, it discusses elements that are similar.
A comparison
c. transitions
B. contrast
. none of the above
It discusses the elements that differ in a writing.​

Answers

Answer:4

Explanation:earth wind air fire

Help meee
pls :(
thankkk​

Answers

Answer:Do not know sorry:(

Explanation:

Here are the things that you need to include (Please include more than just the verb in the sentence):

In sentence one, use the 1st person plural imperfect tense passive voice of videō, vidēre, visī, visum- see.

In sentence two, use the 2nd person plural future tense passive voice of iuvō, iuvāre, iuvavī, iuvatus- help.

In sentence three, use the 3rd person plural present tense passive voice of amō, amāre, amavī, amatus- love.

In sentence four, use the 2nd person singular future tense passive voice of teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tenitus- hold.

In sentence five, use the 3rd person singular imperfect tense passive voice of vertō, vertere, vertī, vertus- turn.

In sentence six, use the 1st person plural future tense passive voice of protegō, protegere, protexī, protectus- protect

In sentence seven, use the 3rd person plural present tense passive voice of iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus- order

In sentence eight, use the 2nd person plural future tense passive voice of avertō, avertere, avertī, aversus- turn away

Can someone hurry and help me with this problem

Answers

Answer:

This is the correct word form. Sorry if this doesn't help.

Nepilnīgs laiks ir tāds, kas pievienojas pagātnes laikam ar nepilnīgu aspektu, lai turpinātu notikumu vai darbību.

Kas ir darbības vārds?

Tas attiecas uz runas daļu, kas tiek izmantota, lai teikumā parādītu darbību.

Šeit mēs redzam, ka pasīvā balss ir tāda, kurā darbības vārda darbība ir teikuma priekšmets.

Piemēram, “Es viņai iedevu grāmatu” ir aktīvā balsī, bet, mainot to uz pasīvu, tas kļūst par “Grāmatu es viņai uzdāvināju”.

Lūdzu, ņemiet vērā, ka jūsu jautājums ir nepilnīgs, tāpēc es sniedzu jums vispārīgu pārskatu, lai labāk izprastu šo koncepciju.

Read more about verbs here:

https://brainly.com/question/14584990

#SPJ2

ano ang balangkas ng ibong adarna


RUSHHHH
Brainliest answer to the correct answer​

Answers

Answer:

Ang Ibong Adarna ay isang tulang epiko ng ika-16 na siglong Pilipino. Ito ay tungkol sa isang eponymous na mahiwagang ibon. Ang mas mahabang anyo ng pamagat ng kwento sa panahon ng Espanya ay "Korido at Buhay na Pinagdaanan ng Tatlong Prinsipeng Magkakapatid na anak ni Haring Fernando at ni Reyna Valeriana sa Kahariang Berbanya" ("Corrido and Life Lived by the Three Princes, mga anak ni King Fernando at Queen Valeriana sa Kaharian ng Berbanya "), at pinaniniwalaan ng ilang mga mananaliksik na batay sa mga katulad na kwento sa Europa. Ang kwento ay kilala rin bilang The Aderna Bird.

Explanation:

pakibigay ang aspekto​

Answers

Hi

Hello
Holly fhkjgvbkfaafhhhuy

[QUESTION]
__________________________
Who is known as WinterBear?
__________________________
тнαикуσυ:D​

Answers

Note that Kim Taehyung is the person called the Winter Bear. This name is his alias

Why is this so?

Because of his flawless vision, Kim Taehyung (a.k.a. V) is known as Winter Bear. His gorgeous face is as velvety as bear hair. And his skin is as white as snow.

V takes in the beauty of the environment around him in the video and sings soulfully to the audience. V, the photographer/artist, communicates his emotions via "Winter Bear" more than V, the K-Pop singer. Fans have detected a secret message from Vante in both the music video and the album art.

Learn more about alias:
https://brainly.com/question/31839300
#SPJ1

what is the difference between the two types of experimental research design​

Answers

Answer:

In a true experiment, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment or the control group, whereas they are not assigned randomly in a quasi-experiment. ... Quasi-experimental research designs do not randomly assign participants to treatment or control groups for comparison.

what pair go with a writer of a play

Answers

The pair that goes with a writer of a play is typically the "playwright and director."

Who is the playwright?

The playwright is responsible   for writing the script or text of the play, creating the characters, dialogue,and plot.

Conversely,the director is responsible for interpreting the script and bringing it to life on   the stage.

The director works closely with    the playwright to ensure the vision and intent of theplay are effectively conveyed through the production.


Note that "Play" in literature refers to a form of dramatic work meant for performance on stage.

Learn more about play at:

https://brainly.com/question/532963

#SPJ1



me ajuda aii8888wnsm2kele sobre s​

Answers

Answer:

B) Notícia, por sua objetividade

Other Questions
Paisley invests money in an account paying a simple interest of 8.9% per year. If she invests $80 and no money will be added or removed from the investment, how much will she have in one year, in dollars and cents? Energy that is stored is called potential energy. Take a round ball that is at rest at the top of the hill. The ball has a lot of potential energy, but no kinetic energy because it is not moving. Once the ball is released and it begins to roll, the potential energy the ball had initially is transformed into kinetic energy. The higher the ball is placed, the ____ potential energy it will have. A-more B-less what number goes into 105 and 90 7+x/5=-4whats the answer Fill in the blank with the appropriate prepositionLos Angeles estSan FranciscodevantO prs dedansderrire Mobo, a wireless phone carrier, completed its first year of operations on October 31. All of the year's entries have been recorded, except for the following: At year-end, employees earned wages of $6,800, which will be paid on the next payroll date, November 6. At year-end, the company had earned interest revenue of $3,800. It will be collected December 1. Required: What is the annual reporting period for this company what type of em waves is fm radio? And how it is used in wireless communication? a 2kg bowling bowl is at a top of the hill with a speed of 9.8 m/s with a height of 40m. what is its potential energy What is the correct vocabulary term for a number variable product or quotient in an expression Lets take a break. Everyone tell me how you are feeling. If there is something you need to get off your chest say it. Think of this as a free counselling session if you must. We love you the world loves you. Tell me your thoughts, your deepest secrets and your happiest moments. Be as open and as honest as you want. And you get 10 points doing so What is the answer Please help me can someone help me solve this please :)) Below are transactions for Wolverine Company during 2021. a. On December 1, 2021, Wolverine receives $3,100 cash from a company that is renting office space from Wolverine. The payment, representing rent for December and January, is credited to Deferred Revenue. b. Wolverine purchases a one-year property insurance policy on July 1, 2021, for $12,120. The payment is debited to Prepaid Insurance for the entire amount. c. Employee salaries of $2,100 for the month of December will be paid in early January 2022. d. On November 1, 2021, the company borrows $10,500 from a bank. The loan requires principal and interest at 10% to be paid on October 30, 2022. e. Office supplies at the beginning of 2021 total $910. On August 15, Wolverine purchases an additional $2,500 of office supplies, debiting the Supplies account. By the end of the year, $410 of office supplies remains.Required:Record the necessary adjusting entries at December 31, 2018, for Wolverine Company. question 1: what happens if our eyes are not focused on your target?question 2: using what you know about basketball, why is passing often more efficient than dribbling the basketball which one of the following is NOT a polynomial option 1. x^2-2x+3 option 2. 11x-9. option 3. 3/y (1x)/(2)=12PLEASE SHOW THE WORK!!! Solve for xX=4 3/2x+8=-1 PLEASE HELP ME I WILL MARK BRAINLIEST1.What city state did posiedon represent?2.Which of the 12 gods of the parthanon did the city state sparta represent?3. What did Socrates say that put him at odds with thr Athenian government?4. What happened to Socrates after he made this statement? You are 18 and in dr g class 41 (128)= 32 (6)