Changes of state refer to the processes that occur when matter undergoes a transition from one physical state to another. There are several changes of state, and each involves a specific type of transition, which can be either endothermic or exothermic.
1. Melting: Melting is the process of changing a substance from a solid to a liquid state, and it is endothermic because energy is absorbed during the process.
2. Freezing: Freezing is the process of changing a substance from a liquid to a solid state, and it is exothermic because energy is released during the process.
3. Vaporization: Vaporization is the process of changing a substance from a liquid to a gas state, and it can be either endothermic or exothermic. If the vaporization occurs at a constant temperature, it is endothermic (e.g. boiling water). If the vaporization occurs at a constant pressure, it is exothermic (e.g. evaporation of sweat from our skin).
4. Condensation: Condensation is the process of changing a substance from a gas to a liquid state, and it is exothermic because energy is released during the process.
5. Sublimation: Sublimation is the process of changing a substance from a solid directly to a gas without passing through a liquid state, and it is endothermic because energy is absorbed during the process.
6. Deposition: Deposition is the process of changing a substance from a gas directly to a solid without passing through a liquid state, and it is exothermic because energy is released during the process.
The endothermic or exothermic nature of a change of state depends on the amount of energy required to break the intermolecular forces between the particles. For example, melting requires energy to break the intermolecular bonds between particles, and this makes it an endothermic process. On the other hand, freezing releases energy as particles come together to form a solid, and this makes it an exothermic process. Similarly, vaporization is endothermic because energy is required to break the bonds between the particles in the liquid, whereas condensation is exothermic because energy is released as particles come together to form a liquid.
After meiosis II, half of the chromosomes in the
secondary oocyte are transferred into polar body Il
(labeled as PB2 in Slide 6). The remaining
chromosomes and cytoplasm in secondary oocytes
develop into ovum or egg cells. How many
chromosomes are there is a mature egg?
After the meiosis II of the cell cycle, the chromosomes in the secondary oocyte gets transferred to the polar body II and 23 chromosomes will remain in the mature egg.
Meiosis is basically a reductional type of cell division. In meiosis, the chromosomes present in the cell are divided equally amongst the two daughter cells which are produced from the parent cell. The meiosis is very important during sexual reproduction as it allows the formation of haploid germ cells.
After meiosis II, when the parent cell is divided into two gametes each gamete cell contains 23 chromosomes. In this phase, the gamete produced remains haploid in nature. At the end of the meiosis II, half of the chromosomes will remain in the egg and the rest half will be transferred to the polar body and therefore the cell will have half the number of the actual chromosome, that is, 23 chromosomes.
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Describe the role of each of the following in DNA replication:a. DNA polymerase Ib. DNA polymerase IIIc. Gyrase (topoisomerase)d. Helicasee. Initiator protein (origin recognition complex)f. Ligaseg. Okazaki fragmentsh. Origin of replicationi. Primasej. Single-strand binding protein
DNA polymerases, which sequentially add nucleotides to the growing DNA chain while only integrating those that are complementary to the template, are responsible for the production of DNA.
What part does DNA polymerase play in the replication of DNA?The primary role of DNA polymerases is to preserve the genome and guarantee that the genetic code is reliably transmitted from one generation to the next.
What two functions does DNA polymerase provide in a cell?Normal replication and repair are two major categories under which they offer polymerase activity. DNA polymerase uses its 3′–5′ exonuclease activity to fix mistakes during normal replication.
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If David is struggling with completing his work during the day what are some things that could help him manage his time better
Explanation:
Making a time table on what to do on that particular day.
First: Know when work begins, and do other things as how you manage your time. remember time is ticking
Despite the diversity, cells resemble each other to an astonishing degree in their chemistry. For example, the same 20 ________ __________ are used to make proteins.
Despite the diversity, cells resemble each other to an astonishing degree in their chemistry. For example, the same 20 amino acids are used to make proteins.
What is a cell?A cell is the basic unit of life. It is the smallest unit of an organism that can perform all the basic functions necessary for life. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, and the study of cells is called cell biology. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but all cells have several key features in common, including a plasma membrane that encloses the cell, genetic material in the form of DNA, and the ability to produce energy and carry out metabolic processes. Some cells are simple and single-celled, while others are complex and made up of many specialized cells that work together as tissues and organs to perform specific functions.
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How do biological anthropologists know what they know?
In order to identify when and where changes happened over the course of human evolution, biological anthropologists rely on observable characteristics of the human body, such as the form and structure of bones and teeth.
Through the study of biology (particularly the skeleton), evolutionary theory, inheritance, the fossil record, and living primates, the field of biological anthropology explores the biological evolution and variation of human and nonhuman primate species. This research investigates the ways in which behavior, ecology, and biology are intertwined.
Skeletal biology, funerary studies, osteology, and archaeology are some of the research methodologies that are utilized by biological anthropologists in order to find answers to questions regarding the lives and lifestyles of previous populations. Bioarchaeologists seek answers to questions about how humans lived and died in the past by investigating the bones and burial sites of previous populations.
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relate how the repetitive polymerization of monomers into polymers can yield macromolecules with diverse properties and functions.
The repetitive polymerization of the monomers to form the polymers which can yield macromolecules with the diverse properties and functions and this can be done by varying the sequence of the subunits, the cell can make a diversity of different polymeric molecules.
Monomers are basically the basic structural units of the polymers. Monomers undergo polymerization to form complex structures which are known as the polymers. These monomers can be completely identical or can be of different types.
Different types of macromolecules exhibiting diverse structural organization as well as functions can be obtained by changing the sequence as well as type of subunits which are polymerizing.
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why weather can be a devastating force
Answer:
The effects of extreme weather include, but are not limited to: Too much rain (heavy downpours), causing floods and landslides. Too much heat and no rain (heatwave) cause droughts and wildfires. Strong winds, such as hurricanes and tornadoes, cause damage to man-made structures and animal habitats.
Explanation:
Human activity is causing rapid changes to our global climate that are contributing to extreme weather conditions.
Read the article and use the information to answer
the questions that follow.
Microscope
Name one advantage of electron microscopes.
I
DONE ✔
a signal travels down an axon and then encounters an excitatory synapse. compare the frequency of action potentials in the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron (assume all other factors are the same)
In comparison to action potentials on presynaptic neurons, post synaptic neurons will experience action potentials less frequently.
What distinguishes post synaptic potentials from action potentials?So, action potentials require activation of voltage-gated ion channels found at very high concentrations along the axon hillock and at lower concentrations along the remaining of the axon, whereas postsynaptic potentials require activation of ligand-gated ion channels located on the postsynaptic membrane.
Pre- or postsynaptic action potentials are present?The synaptic cleft, which is a 20–40 nm gap between the presynaptic axon terminal and the postsynaptic dendrite, is where neurotransmitter is released from the neuron when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal (often a spine).
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Ocean water is sinking at the North Atlantic Buoy Station. What happens
when water of a high density sinks?
A. It pushes higher-density water toward the ocean's surface.
B. It causes water trapped in nearby ice to melt.
C. It pulls in lower-density water from surrounding areas.
D. It pulls water up the shore in a high tide.
The North Atlantic Buoy Station is experiencing ocean water sinking. It draws water with a lower density from the surroundings.
What might be causing the ocean water at the North Atlantic buoy station to sink?Ocean water loses heat to the atmosphere in chilly places like the North Atlantic Ocean, where it then turns cold and thick. Sea ice is created when ocean water freezes, leaving behind salt that makes the surrounding seawater saltier and denser. Water that is dense, icy, and salty sinks to the ocean floor.
What transpires when highly dense water sinks?Less dense water floats on top of denser water. The deep ocean currents that travel around the globe are propelled by this theory. Seawater is sufficiently dense to sink into the deep ocean and flow along the bottom of the basins due to a combination of high salinity and low temperature close to the surface.
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what is a sperm cell function?
Answer:Function. The main sperm function is to reach the ovum and fuse with it to deliver two sub-cellular structures: (i) the male pronucleus that contains the genetic material and (ii) the centrioles that are structures that help organize the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Explanation:
In the Biosphere 2 experiment, which environmental variable was successfully maintained?
Question 21 options:
the number of biomes present
proportion of oxygen in the air
proportion of carbon dioxide in the air
water quality
Answer:
the number of biomes present
What supports the argument that a well-balance diet is an important part of any daily nutrition plan?
Answer:
Explanation:
well many doctors and scientists find ways to help and answer our questions
What is starch and it's significance?
Starch is a carbohydrate and a natural component of most plants, including fruits, vegetables, and grains. Starchy foods are an essential part of a balanced diet, as they provide energy, fiber, and a sense of fullness. The body breaks down starch molecules into glucose, which is the body's primary fuel source.
Answer:
Starch is made up of long chains of sugar molecules that are connected together. Starch's primary role is to help plants store energy. In an animal's diet, starch is a source of sugar. Amylase, an enzyme contained in saliva and the pancreas that breaks down starch for energy, is used by animals to break down starch.
Explanation:
Put the following in order to describe the flow of a blood cell through the pulmonary circuit. Start with the first vessel the blood enters as it leaves the right ventricle.
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Lobar arteries
Alveolar capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Explanation:
Right ventricle → Pulmonary trunk → Pulmonary arteries → Lobar arteries → Alveolar capillaries → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium
Consider a sound wave produced by a tuning fork. Through which materials would the sound travel the fastest? Order the materials shown according to the speed at which a sound wave would travel through them, from slowest to fastest.
(Hot air, cold air, glass, the ocean)
Slowest sound travel material:___
Slower sound travel material:___
Faster sound travel material:___
Fastest sound travel material:___
1. Cold air
2. Hot air
3. Ocean
4. Glass
According to Hardy-Weinberg principal, if p and q are unchanging, the population is in equilibrium. Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the population to maintain this equilibrium?
Question 16 options:
the population must not have any natural selection
there must not be any mutations in the gene pool
the population must be small
the population must have random mating
Explanation:
The population must not have any natural selection is NOT a requirement for the population to maintain equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg principal. The Hardy-Weinberg principal states that a population will remain in genetic equilibrium as long as certain conditions are met, which include no mutations, random mating, a large population size, and no gene flow. Natural selection is not one of the conditions for the population to remain in equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg principle.
Color vision has much greater resolution than night vision (vision that is mostly in shades of gray). Which of the following is the best explanation for why this is so? Select one: a. A single cone photoreceptor often connects to a single bipolar cell and a single ganglion cell while as many as 100 rods will converge to a single ganglion cell. b. There are several types of cone photoreceptors, each of which enrich the clarity and resolution of vision. c. A larger proportion of the brain's visual cortex is active during the day when our cone photo receptors are most active. d. There are many more cone photoreceptors in the eye than rod photoreceptors.
A) In contrast to the convergence of up to 100 rod photoreceptors into a single ganglion cell, a single cone photoreceptor frequently connects to a single bipolar cell and a single ganglion cell.
Why does a human's night vision primarily consist of grayscale rather than color?Rods and cones are the two categories of photoreceptors that are involved in sight. Rods function in extremely dim lighting. Because just a small number of light particles (photons) may trigger a rod, we employ these for night vision. Because rods hinder color vision, we experience a grayscale world at night.
Do those with color vision have better night vision?The three cone types are activated in varied combinations to produce color perception. Compared to night vision, color vision has far higher resolution (vision that is mostly in shades of gray).
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What is metabolism?
the chemical reactions that take place in living organisms to provide energy and sustain growth
the chemical processes that take place in living organisms to break down food into glucose
the physical processes that take place in living organisms to burn glucose to power the motion of muscles
the physical processes that take place in living organisms to take in oxygen and bring it to cells
Answer:
The physical processes that take place in the living organisms to take in oxygen and bring it to the cell.
The elastic structures of muscle and tendons, called the _____ ______ ______, must be pulled tight before a muscle contraction can result in shortening.
Elastic Series Component. Because they are slightly elastic and in series (in line) with the force of muscle contraction, tendon supply what is known as a series-elastic component.
What hurts when a muscle is pulled?
A strain occurs when a muscle is overextended to the point of tearing. Another name for it is a pulled muscle. A strain is a hurt that hurts. When a muscle contracts, the series-elastic component helps to relieve part of the stress; however, this component must be pushed tightly in order for the muscle to shorten.
What is the name of the elastic muscle tissue?
The epimysium, a sheath of connective tissue, encases each muscle.
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In the photo, the mother is looking at a thermometer to determine if her child has a fever or not. a fever is a measurable sign. symptoms are not measurable and are only observed and felt by the patient. which of the following would be a symptom?
A. rash
B. white blood cell count.
C. headache
D. runny nose
In the photo, the mother is looking at a thermometer to determine if her child has a fever or not. a fever is a measurable sign. symptoms are not measurable and are only observed and felt by the patient. which of the following would be a symptom. The following would be a symptom is C. headache.
A thermometer is a tool used to measure hot or cold temperatures. In the medical world, a thermometer is used to measure body temperature to find out if someone has a fever or not.
Fever is a condition in which the body experiences an increase in temperature above 38 degrees Celsius. This usually occurs when a child has a disease and the body responds to the infection. The child's body temperature can be measured with a thermometer. In addition to measurable symptoms, a person who has a fever usually also experiences unmeasurable symptoms that only the child can feel, such as a headache. Headaches are caused by the pain nerves in the head becoming active due to the activity of chemicals in the brain or disturbances in the blood vessels in the brain because a person is having an infection.
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can someone tell me how do i do this problem?
The simulation above is about the liquid level measurement. To solve the problem, we need to:
Measure the water volume in the container before the object dropped in.Measure the water volume after the object is added in.Subtract the volume after and before the object is added. This is the object volume in mL.What is the liquid level measurement?Liquid level measurement is a method to measure the volume of an object using the water level. When an object is added to the container, the liquid level is increased. The difference between the liquid level's after-and-before volume is also the total volume of said object.
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The field of PNI is most broadly concerned with how the psychological, neural, and endocrine systems together affect the
A. Reproductive system.
B. Cardiovascular system.
C. Immune system.
D. Respiratory system.
The field of PNI is most broadly concerned with how the psychological, neural, and endocrine systems together affect the immune system.
Thus, the correct option is C.
Psychoneuroimmunologists’ аreа of study, cаlled psychoneuroimmunology (or PNI for short), is а highly integrаtive field thаt exаmines how psychologicаl, neurаl, аnd immunologic processes influence eаch other аnd shаpe humаn heаlth аnd behаvior. Using а vаriety of different in vivo, in situ, аnd in vitro techniques in both humаn аnd аnimаl model system, PNI hаs yielded numerous discoveries thаt hаve helped to greаtly clаrify how sociаl, psychologicаl, аnd behаviorаl fаctors influence the аctivity of the immune system; how the immune system аffects cognition, emotion, neurаl processes, аnd behаvior; аnd how these bidirectionаl interаctions shаpe risk for а vаriety of mentаl аnd physicаl heаlth problems, including аnxiety disorders, depression, posttrаumаtic stress disorder (PTSD), cаrdiovаsculаr diseаse, chronic pаin, certаin cаncers, аnd neurodegenerаtion.
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In which of the following scenarios would evolution most likely occur?
Question 13 options:
a hawk prefers tan colored mice over dark gray mice
a breed of dog can have three different alleles for fur color
within a small population of skunks, two die of disease
within a large population of fish, one is caught by a fisherman
which of the following is a disease in which the walls of the ventricles of the heart are markedly thickened?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease in which the walls of the ventricles of the heart are markedly thickened.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, abbreviated as HCM, is a complicated form of cardiac disease that manifests itself in abnormalities of the heart muscle. It may result in:
A thickening of the muscle in your heart (especially the ventricles or lower heart chambers).
Left ventricular stiffness.
Mitral valve changes.
Cellular alterations.
This most frequently happens near the septum of your nose. The muscular wall that separates the left side of your heart from the right side of the heart is called the septum. When the septum that separates your heart's lower chambers, known as ventricles, becomes thicker, it can cause a number of problems.
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Option A. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder in which the walls of the heart ventricles become abnormally thickened.
This thickening can cause the heart to become less efficient at pumping blood throughout the body, leading to symptoms such as:
Shortness of breathChest painDizzinessIrregular heartbeatsEven sudden deathHCM is a chronic condition that typically has no cure and requires lifelong management. Treatment may include medications to reduce the thickness of the heart walls, surgery to reduce obstruction in the heart, or implantable devices to regulate the heart rate.
Patients with HCM are advised to seek regular medical care to monitor their condition and to follow a healthy lifestyle.
Here's the full task:
Which of the following is a disease in which the walls of the ventricles of the heart are markedly thickened?
Choose the right option:
A. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.B. Atrial Fibrillation.C. Congestive Heart Failure.D. Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Learn more about cardiopulmonary diseases: https://brainly.com/question/11656801
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What is self fertilization?
Self fertilization is the merging of gametes (sex cells) produced by the same person that is male and female.
Self fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes (sex cells) produced by the same individual fuse together to form fertile offspring. It is possible for bisexual creatures, such as the majority of flowering plants, numerous protozoans, and a great number of invertebrates, to fertilize themselves.
There are a variety of plants, including orchids, peas, sunflowers, and tridax, that have the ability to pollinate themselves. The vast majority of plants that are capable of self-pollination have relatively unnoticeable blooms that deposit pollen directly onto the stigma just prior to the bud opening.
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During the gram stain procedure, which of the following reagents represents the first step in the gram stain when the gram negative cells react differently than gram positive cells
A. preparation of the smear on the slide.
B. Crystal violet
C. Iodine
D. Acetone alcohol
E. Safranin
During the gram stain procedure, the reagent that represents the first step in the gram stain when the gram negative cells react differently than gram positive cells is Crystal violet. The correct answer is B.
The Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to differentiate between different types of bacteria based on the properties of their cell walls.
In the Gram stain procedure, a bacterial sample is first treated with crystal violet, which binds to the cell wall of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
The sample is then washed with iodine, which helps to fix the crystal violet in place and provide a contrast against the background.
After the iodine treatment, the sample is washed with acetone alcohol, which causes gram negative bacteria to lose the crystal violet and take up the red counterstain, safranin.
Gram positive bacteria, however, retain the crystal violet and appear blue or purple under the microscope. Thus, the different staining patterns of gram positive and gram negative bacteria can be used to identify the type of bacteria present in the sample.
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Water can break down some minerals in a rock, changing them into new substances. This process is an example of?
O A. mechanical weathering
OB. aquifer
OC. strip cropping
O D. chemical weathering
Answer:
D. chemical weathering.
Explanation:
Chemical weathering is a process in which rocks and minerals are broken down into new substances through chemical reactions with water, air, and other agents. This type of weathering differs from mechanical weathering, which involves the physical breakdown of rocks and minerals through processes such as frost wedging, abrasion, and unloading.
In chemical weathering, water reacts with minerals in a rock to dissolve or alter their chemical composition. For example, minerals containing iron can react with oxygen in water to form rust, while minerals containing calcium can react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. These reactions can change the mineral content of a rock, altering its physical and chemical properties. Over time, this can lead to the physical breakdown of the rock and the formation of new minerals and substances.
Why are bacteria and viruses considered immortal
Answer:
Bacteria and viruses are considered immortal because they reproduce and multiply very rapidly. Bacteria can divide into two identical daughter cells in as little as 20 minutes. Viruses can replicate by hijacking a host cell's metabolic machinery and creating multiple copies of themselves, which can then infect other cells. This rapid reproductive rate and lack of aging mechanisms means that bacteria and viruses can continue to reproduce indefinitely, making them "immortal" in a sense. However, bacteria and viruses can still be killed by antibiotics, antivirals, or host immune responses, so they are not truly immortal.
How does an antibiotic resistant bacterium enter into a population of non-resistant bacteria?
A.
natural selection
B.
asexual reproduction
C.
mutation
D.
competition
Answer:
C. Mutation
Explanation:
How does an antibiotic resistant bacterium enter into a population of non-resistant bacteria?
A.
natural selection
B.
asexual reproduction
C.
mutation
D.
competition