Define the following and also discuss group trends and period trends of the following 1.Ionization energy 2.electron affinity 3.electronegativity 4.Atomic Radii

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

1. Ionization Energy - Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. The first or initial ionization energy or Ei of an atom or molecule is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of isolated gaseous atoms or ions.

Trends - Moving left to right within a period or upward within a group, the first ionization energy generally increases.

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2.electron affinity-The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion

Trends-Electron affinity increases upward for the groups and from left to right across periods of a periodic table because the electrons added to energy levels become closer to the nucleus, thus a stronger attraction between the nucleus and its electrons.

Electron affinity becomes less negative down a group. As the principal quantum number increases, the size of the orbital increases and the affinity for the electron is less.

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3.electronegativity-Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Trends-On the periodic table, electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right across a period and decreases as you move down a group. As a result, the most electronegative elements are found on the top right of the periodic table, while the least electronegative elements are found on the bottom left.

Electronegativity increases across a period because the number of charges on the nucleus increases. That attracts the bonding pair of electrons more strongly.

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4.Atomic Radii-The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding shells of electrons.

Trends- The atomic radius of atoms generally decreases from left to right across a period. There are some small exceptions, such as the oxygen radius being slightly greater than the nitrogen radius. Within a period, protons are added to the nucleus as electrons are being added to the same principal energy level

In general, atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group. ... Down a group, the number of energy levels (n) increases, so there is a greater distance between the nucleus and the outermost orbital. This results in a larger atomic radius

Answer 2

Answer:

Periodic trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its size and its electronic properties. Major periodic trends include: electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character. Periodic trends, arising from the arrangement of the periodic table, provide chemists with an invaluable tool to quickly predict an element's properties. These trends exist because of the similar atomic structure of the elements within their respective group families or periods, and because of the periodic nature of the elements.

Explanation:

Periodic trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its size and its electronic properties. Major periodic trends include: electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character. Periodic trends, arising from the arrangement of the periodic table, provide chemists with an invaluable tool to quickly predict an element's properties. These trends exist because of the similar atomic structure of the elements within their respective group families or periods, and because of the periodic nature of the elements.


Related Questions

Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)
(01.01 LC)
Which of the following is usually done first in the scientific method of investigation?
O Do research on a particular topic
O Ask a question based on an observation
O Construct a hypothesis to be tested
O Test with an experiment

Answers

Answer:

Do research on a Particular topic

Answer:

Do research on a particular topic

Calculate the amount of solvent needed to prepare 50g of 10% solution of Tincture iodine. Name the solvent.

Answers

Answer:

Calculate the amount of solvent needed to prepare 50g of 10% solution of tincture Iodine.

Name the solvent

Explanation:

sodium

Hope it is helpful.....

Given 57 grams of NO2,

A. How many moles of NO2, are present?

B. How many atoms of oxygen are present?​

Answers

Answer:

N=14 O=16

Explanation:

46 g = 1 mole of NO2

Now, 57g =(1/46) ×57 mole of NO2

= 1.24 mole of NO2

Can someone please fill those green boxes for me
(open the image)

Answers

Answer:

1. The behaviour of molecules in different phases of matter represents a balance between the kinetic energies of the molecules and the attractive forces between them. All molecules are attracted to each other. At the same time, all molecules are in constant motion, and their kinetic energies increase with the temperature.

2. When heat is added to a substance, the molecules and atoms vibrate faster. As atoms vibrate faster, the space between atoms increases. The motion and spacing of the particles determines the state of matter of the substance. ... Solids, liquids and gases all expand when heat is added.

Explanation:

The elements chlorine and iodine have similar chemical properties because they _____. Group of answer choices have the same number of stable isotopes are both metals and can easily lose electrons to form compounds None of these have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels are in the same chemical period

Answers

Answer:

Have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels

Explanation:

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electron(s) in their outermost shell.

Chlorine and Iodine have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electron in their outermost shell. This can be seen from their electronic configuration as shown below:

Cl (17) => 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁵

I (53) => [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²5p⁵

From the above illustration:

Outer shell of Cl (3s²3p⁵) = 2 + 5 = 7 electrons

Outer shell of I (5s²5p⁵) = 2 + 5 = 7 electrons

Since they have the same number of valence electrons, therefore, they will have similar chemical properties.

Using the Fick equation, calculate cardiac output if a person is consuming 1.41 L O2/min, has an arterial O2 content of 190 ml O2/L, and a venous O2 content of 25 ml O2/L.

Answers

Answer:

Cardiac output (CO) = 8.54 l / min

Explanation:

Given:

Oxygen consumption (V) = 1.41 l O2/min

Oxygen in arterial (Ca) = 190 ml O2/L = 0.19 l O2/L

Oxygen in venous (Cv) = 25 ml O2/L = 0.025 l O2/L

Find:

Cardiac output (CO)

Computation:

Cardiac output (CO) = V / (Ca - Cv)

Cardiac output (CO) = 1.41 / (0.19 - 0.025)

Cardiac output (CO) = 8.54 l / min

true or false: after glassware is heated it
should be allowed to cool to
room temperature slowly.

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Glasswares are glass-made substances that cannot be done without in the laboratory. They are used to hold and store chemicals, conduct chemical reactions etc. Common glasswares include conical flask, beakers, test tubes, volumetric flasks, pipette etc.

These glasswares are sometimes used to hold chemicals that needs to be heated, making the glasswares hot as well. Since they are made of glass materials, they are very fragile and must be handled carefully. One of the precautions when handling a glassware is that after hearing, they must be allowed to cool down slowly at room temperature in order to avoid breakage. Hence, the statement is TRUE.

Peer:​ Someone who belongs to the same group in society and is equal in rank or level. Scientists have their research reviewed by their peers, who are other scientists. As a student, you have your work reviewed by your teachers and parents but they are not your peers. ​Who are your peers ?

Answers

Answer:

see below (I hope this helps!)

Explanation:

You are a student, therefore, the people who are the same "rank" as you are your fellow students, this makes them your peers.

Which of the follow is not a physical change?
a. The boiling of room temperature water to produce steam.
b. The combustion of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to produce liquid water.
c. The cutting of a block of sharp cheddar cheese to make smaller pieces for hors d'oeuvres for a social gathering
d. The slow melting of solid coconut oil on the stove.

Answers

Answer:

d. The slow melting of solid coconut oil on the stove.

Explanation:

Matter can exist in three major states; solid, liquid and gas. These state can be converted from one to another through various processes that could lead to a physical or chemical change or both.

A physical change is a process that involves the transformation, i.e change of state, of a substance with no chemical change. While a chemical change would produce one or more products different from the initial substance.

From the question, the slow melting of solid coconut oil on the stove requires both physical and chemical change.

Help :(
Convert 539 dag/dm3 to cg/mm3.

Answers

Answer: 5390 cg/mm³.

Explanation:

To convert: 539 dag/dm³ to cg/mm³.

Since 1 dag = 1000 cg  ( where dag= Dekagram and cg = Centrigram)

and 1 dm = 100 mm  (where dm = decimetre , mm= millimetre)

Then,

[tex]539\text{ dag/dm}^3=\dfrac{539\times1000}{100}\text{ cg/mm}^3\\\\=5390\text{ cg/mm}^3[/tex]

Hence,  539 dag/dm³ = 5390 cg/mm³.

which particle determines the nuclear charge?

Answers

answer:

atomic number

the same chemical element is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus that determines the total positive charge.

You are planting flowers in large pots. You plan to plant flowers in 10 pots. 15 cups of potting soil will fill one pot. A bag of potting soil contains 25 cups. How many bags of potting soil do you need? show work

Answers

Answer:

I will need  six (6) bags of potting soil

Explanation:

Since you plan on planting in 10 pots and need 15 cups of potting soil per pot, the total amount of potting soil you need (in cups) is 10 X 15 = 150 cups of potting soil.

We have that a bag contains 25 sups. to get the number of bags needed, we have to divide 150 by 25. This will give us 150 / 25 = 6 bags.

Therefore, I will need  six (6) bags of potting soil

Which of the following is a property of a pure substance?

Answers

Pure substances are defined as substances that are made of only one type of atom or molecule. The purity of a substance is the measure of the extent to which a given substance is pure. The physical properties of a pure substance include well-defined melting and boiling points.
I agree with the person above!

what is the periodic table of elements ​

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\mathrm{view \ explanation}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The periodic table of elements is a table consisting of elements arranged by atomic number and properties. There are a total of 118 elements discovered.

Answer:

Periodic table of element is the tabular display of chemical elements which are arranged by atomic numbers, electron configuration and recurring chemical properties

Explanation:

What do Art, Science, and Religion have in common? How are they different? (Google Classroom Question)​

Answers

They all use thinking and imagination

The mass of an object is measured to be 55.6 g. Its volume is measured to be 48.5 mL.
What is the object's density? Show the work.

Answers

Answer:

1.15 g/mL

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Mass (m) = 55.6 g

Volume (V) = 48.5 mL

Density (D) =?

Density is simply defined as the mass of the substance per unit volume of the substance. It is represented mathematically as:

Density (D) = mass (m) /volume (V)

D = m/V

With the above formula, we can obtain the density of the object as follow:

Mass (m) = 55.6 g

Volume (V) = 48.5 mL

Density (D) =?

D = m/V

D = 55.6/48.5

D = 1.15 g/mL

Therefore, the density of the object is 1.15 g/mL

Question 4
4. Organic chemistry is chemistry that studies carbon containing
substances.
True
False

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

The half-life of radium-226 is 1590 years. if a sample contains 100 mg, how many mg will remain after 1000 years?

Answers

Answer:

64.52 mg.

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Half life (t½) = 1590 years

Initial amount (N₀) = 100 mg

Time (t) = 1000 years.

Final amount (N) =.?

Next, we shall determine the rate constant (K).

This is illustrated below:

Half life (t½) = 1590 years

Rate/decay constant (K) =?

K = 0.693 / t½

K = 0.693/1590

K = 4.36×10¯⁴ / year.

Finally, we shall determine the amount that will remain after 1000 years as follow:

Half life (t½) = 1590 years

Initial amount (N₀) = 100 mg

Time (t) = 1000 years.

Rate constant = 4.36×10¯⁴ / year.

Final amount (N) =.?

Log (N₀/N) = kt/2.3

Log (100/N) = 4.36×10¯⁴ × 1000/2.3

Log (100/N) = 0.436/2.3

Log (100/N) = 0.1896

Take the antilog

100/N = antilog (0.1896)

100/N = 1.55

Cross multiply

N x 1.55 = 100

Divide both side by 1.55

N = 100/1.55

N = 64.52 mg

Therefore, the amount that remained after 1000 years is 64.52 mg

Pls help!!
Convert 2.09 x 10° micrograms to decagrams.

Answers

Answer:

0.000209 decagrams

Explanation:

You calculate 2.09 x 10 micrograms, then you divide that answer by 100,000 to get your final answer. Thus ending up with 0.000209 decagrams.

Density is the ratio of a substance ___ to its volume
A. Force B. Mass C. Thickness D. Weight

Answers

Answer:

Mass

Explanation:

what property of the wood would you need to know to predict how fast the wood would start to burn?

Answers

Answer:

The chemical property of combustion.

Explanation:

Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs between a combustible material, a substance that causes or favors the combustion of other substances that is oxidizer and oxygen, all this accompanied by outgoing energy in the form of heat (exothermic energy) and incandescent energy.

In this case, wood is the combustible material, and combustion is generated by separate energy, fire, phosphors, sparks.

We have that There is no particular property of wood that allows us to predict is combustion

There is no particular property of wood that allows us to predict is combustion but this is what can be said.

Wood combustion is dependent on so may variable e,g

WeatherTemperatureHumidity

But Wood of small size tends to ignite faster than those with larger density

For more information on this visit

https://brainly.com/question/17283676

The radius of a aluminum atom is 143 pm. How many aluminum atoms would have to be laid side by side to span a distance of 2.36 mm?

Answers

Answer:

1.65x10⁷ atoms of Al have to be laid side by side to span a distance of 2.36mm

Explanation:

We can assume Aluminium atoms as balls ordered side by side. As the radius of 1 atom is 143pm = 143x10⁻¹²m, the space that 1 atom occupies is 2 radius = 286x10⁻¹²m. That means to occupy 2.36mm = 2.36x10⁻³ you require:

2.36x10⁻³m ₓ ( 1 atom Al / 143x10⁻¹²m) =

1.65x10⁷ atoms of Al have to be laid side by side to span a distance of 2.36mm

8 aluminum atoms would have to be laid side by side to span a distance of 2.36 mm.

Convert the radius of an aluminum atom from picometers (pm) to millimeters (mm). Since 1 pm is equal to 1 × 10⁻³ mm, the radius of an aluminum atom in millimeters is:

143 pm × (1 × 10⁻³ mm/pm) = 0.143 mm

The diameter of an aluminum atom is:

2 × 0.143 mm = 0.286 mm

Number of atoms = Total distance / Diameter of an aluminum atom

Number of atoms = 2.36 mm / 0.286 mm

Number of atoms = 8.24

Therefore, 8 aluminum atoms laid side by side to span a distance of 2.36 mm.

To learn more about the aluminum atom, follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/30883822

#SPJ6

how many significant figures does 507.2m have?

Answers

Answer: 4

Explanation:

the significant figures are 5 0 7 and 2

Answer: 4

Explanation:

To find the significant digits we have few methods.

METHOD 1--Count from left to right

A number that has a decimal point, count digits from the first number from the left that isn't zero.

METHOD 2--Count from right to left

A number that doesn't have a decimal point, count digits from the first number from the right that isn't zero.

-----------------------

It is obvious that 507.2 has a decimal point, so we count from left which we will start with 5.

5, 0, 7, 2

There are 4 digits.

Hope this helps!! :)

Please let me know if you have any question or need any further explanation

How many moles are in 1 gram of potassium chloride

Answers

0.0134 moles.

Explanation:

We will use conversion factors to solve this problem.

Potassium chloride has the chemical formula KCl.

1 gram of KCl is written on the left side of the conversion factor equation.

KCl has a molar mass of 74.5513 g/mol. This is found by adding together the atomic mass of each element. This means that 1 mole of KCl = 74.5513 grams

The conversion factor will look like this. To solve the equation we start with what is on the left, 1 gram. 1 is multiplied by the number in the numerator, and divided by the number in the denominator. When 1 is divided by 74.5513 it equals .0134. The unit grams cancel giving us our final answer in moles.

I hope this satisfied your request. Feel free to ask any questions. I apologize, my handwriting is a bit messy.

The following are halogens except
a. fluorine
b. iodine
c. chlorine
d. phenol ​

Answers

Answer:

i think this is [d. phenol]

The correct answer:

Phenol

[tex] \large{ \boxed{ \bf{ \color{green}{Option \: D}}}}[/tex]

Phenol is a compound, While other are elments found under the 17th group, and popularly known as Halogens.

Explore more:-

The name halogen comes from the Greek words "hals", meaning "salt", and "gen", meaning "to make."The halogens are a group of elements in the periodic table. They are located to the right of the other nonmetals and to the left of the noble gases.The halogens include the five elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. They make up column 17 of the periodic table.They have seven valence electrons in their outer shell.They all exist as diatomic molecules (two atoms) when in their pure form.Simple compounds that contain halogens are called halides.

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in which order did the events formings our solar sytem occur

Answers

Answer:

The solar nebula spun faster and faster and flattened into a rotating disk. Most of the gas was pulled toward the center, where it became hot and dense, forming the Sun.

Explanation:

Perform the following
mathematical operation, and
report the answer to the
appropriate number of
significant figures.
15.67 - 6.943 = [?]

Answers

Answer:

8.73

Explanation:

when you are adding or subtracting numbers, the sigfig (significant figure) is based on how many numbers after the decimal. with this info, we can see that 15.67 has 2 sigfigs and 6.943 has 3 sigfigs. when you subtract normally, you would get 8.727, which has 3 sigfigs, so you would round the last 7 up to get 8.73 with 2 sigfigs!

also it is to 2 sigfigs because we know that we go by the least number of sigfigs. hope this helped!

The half-life of the carbon 14 isotope is 5730 years. If there were 4 billion atoms of C-14 in a particular organism at the time it died, how many atoms of C-14 would there be in the remains of that organism 11,460 years after it died?

Answers

Answer:

1 billion

Explanation:

The computation of the number of atoms for C-14 is shown below:

Because it is mentioned

Half the isotope for carbon 14 is 5,730 years

Currently if there had been 4 billion it would equate to 2 billion

Now that the 2 billion would've been 1 billion in the next 5,730 years

And it'll become 3 half-life

Therefore the number of C-14 atoms is 1 billion

A person walks at 2 km/h for four hours. What is their displacement?

Answers

Answer:

4km

Explanation:

what two elements in the sun mostly made of

Answers

The sun is made up of two main elements, hydrogen and helium.

Hydrogen makes up about 92% of all of the atoms in the sun while helium makes up about 7.8%. Oxygen, carbon, neon and nitrogen make up most of the remaining 0.2%.
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