a.
Ionic bond is a bond in which there is complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.
The atom that loses the valence electron is called the electron donor while the atom that accepts the electron is called the electron acceptor.
Ionic bond usually occurs between metals and non metals.
Ionic bond is a bond in which there is complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.
b.
The force of attraction between Na⁺ and Cl⁻ forms the ionic bond.
In the formation of NaCl, Na has one valence electron in its outermost shell and Cl needs one electron to complete the stable octet configuration. Na donates its valence electron to Cl to form the ionic bond. So, the Na atom becomes positively charged with a charge of +1 while the Cl atom becomes negatively charged with a charge of -1.Since the atoms are now charged, the force of attraction between them forms the ionic bond.
c.
The force of attraction between Mg²⁺ and O²⁻ forms the ionic bond.
In the formation of MgO, Mg has two valence electrons in its outermost shell and O needs two electrons to complete the stable octet configuration. Mg donates its two valence electron to O to form the ionic bond. So, the Mg atom becomes positively charged with a charge of +2 while the O atom becomes negatively charged with a charge of -2.Since the atoms are now charged, the force of attraction between them forms the ionic bond.
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An ionic or electrovalant bond is a type of chemical bond, which is formed from two ions (charged atoms by loosing or gaining electrons) having opposite charges.
Ionic bonds are formed from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. As the electrons are transferred there occurs a positively charged ions (cations) and a negatively charged ions (anions). These ions are held together in a crystal lattice structure by the strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
The electrons are transferred as the atoms have tendencies to achieve a stable electronic configuration. They do this to attain a stable atomic structure. By transferring the electrons they attain their octet or duplet.
Sodium chloride(NaCl) is formed when the atom of sodium combines chemically with chlorine atom to generate an ionic compound.
Since sodium has an atomic number of 11, its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 1. There is only one electron in the outermost shell of a sodium atom. Therefore, the sodium atom gives one electron to produce the sodium ion Na⁺.
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17. Hence, its electronic configuration is 2, 8, and 7. The chlorine atom contains seven electrons in its outermost shell and requires one more electron to create the inert gas’s stable, eight-electron configuration. Consequently, a chlorine atom accepts one electron and creates the negatively charged chloride ion (Cl⁻).
When sodium interacts with chlorine, it donates its outermost electron to the chlorine atom, forming a sodium ion (Na⁺) and a chloride ion (Cl⁻) by accepting an electron. The strong electrostatic force of attraction between the newly created ions, holds sodium and chloride ions together to create sodium chloride, Na⁺Cl⁻ or NaCl.
Similarly in the case of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is formed from the chemical interactions of Magnesium and oxygen atoms, leading to the formation of an ionic compound.
Since magnesium has an atomic number of 12, its electrical configuration is 2, 8 and 2, there is just 2 electrons in the outermost shell of a Magnesium atom. Therefore, the magnesium atom gives two electron to produce the Magnesium ion Mg²+ .
Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Hence, its electronic configuration is 2 and 6, the oxygen atom contains 6 electrons in its outermost shell and requires 2 more electron to create the inert gas’s stable, eight-electron configuration. Consequently, a oxygen atom accepts 2 electronelectrons and creates the negatively charged oxide ion (O²-).
When magnesium interacts with oxygen, it donates its outermost electrons to the oxygen atom, generating a Magnesium ion Mg²+ . And an oxygen ion (O²⁻) by acquiring 2 electrons. The attractive electrical force holds magnesium and oxygen ions together to create sodium chloride, Mg²⁺ O²⁻ or MgO.
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A student dissolved some crystals of a salt in water.
The student added sodium hydroxide solution to the salt solution
The student added sodium hydroxide until it was in excess
Describe what the student would see if the salt contained calcium ions
Under Normal Conditions no reaction will be seen between Calcium ions (Ca⁺), NaCl (salt solution) and NaOH(sodium hydroxide).
What is a double replacement reaction ?In a double replacement reaction , the compounds present switch cation and anion to form new compounds.
But here in NaOH(sodium hydroxide) and NaCl (salt solution) the cation sodium ion Na⁺, of both the compounds is same so the end result will be same .
There will be no net reaction .
But if excess Sodium Hydroxide is added to the solution , we will see precipitate of NaCl , salt forming.
If Salt contained Ca⁺ ions , firstly NaCl will only combine with Ca⁺ ions in special conditions as Na⁺ ions are more reactive than Ca⁺ ions.
On addition of NaOH we would observe no change in normal conditions due to above stated reason .
In special conditions following reaction takes place ,in normal condition the reaction follows reverse direction.
Ca + 2 NaOH ← Ca(OH)₂ + 2 Na
Hence under Normal Conditions no reaction will be seen between Calcium ions , NaCl (salt solution) and NaOH(sodium hydroxide).
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LOTS OF POINTS Which statement about Fe is supported by the modern atomic theory but no John Dalton’s theory? Look at the pic provided for choices.
Answer:
https://brainly.com/question/19533453
Explanation:
This might be able to help you.
How does acid base extraction work.
Answer:
it can be done using the method of lithium paper
Briefly explain the importance of ATP and its role in a cell.
Answer:
n energy-carrying molecule found in all living things' cells. ATP absorbs chemical energy from the breakdown of food molecules and uses it to power other cellular processes.
Explanation:
Hope it helps
ATP is a crucial energy molecule in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.
ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell. It plays a vital role in cellular metabolism by providing energy for various processes. ATP is composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups. The energy stored in ATP is released when the terminal phosphate group is hydrolyzed, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
The role of ATP in a cell is multifaceted. Firstly, ATP powers cellular work by providing the energy needed for chemical reactions, such as biosynthesis, active transport, and muscle contraction. It acts as an immediate source of energy that can be rapidly used by the cell.
Secondly, ATP participates in signal transduction and cellular communication. It can be hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi, releasing energy that can activate signaling molecules and enzymes involved in cell signaling pathways.
Furthermore, ATP is involved in maintaining cell homeostasis. It provides energy for processes like ion pumps that maintain the electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane, allowing cells to regulate their internal environment.
Overall, ATP is crucial for the functioning of cells as it serves as an energy carrier, facilitating energy transfer and powering various cellular processes essential for growth, metabolism, and cell survival.
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The measurable properties of a substance, such as vapor pressure and surface tension, occur due to the strength of
electrical forces between particles, as given by Coulomb's law
electrical forces between particles, as given by Newton's law
gravitational forces between particles, as given by Newton's law
O gravitational forces between particles, as given by Coulomb's law
Answer:
electrical forces between particles, as given by coulombs law.
Explanation:
Properties of a substance such as vapor pressure and surface tension depend on electrical forces between particles, as given by Coulomb's law.
The vapor pressure refers to how easily a liquid converts to gas while surface tension is the force that makes a liquid surface act as a stretched elastic skin.
Both vapor pressure and surface tension has a lot to do with the degree of polarity in a molecule. Usually, polar molecules have a low vapor pressure and high surface tension due to a high electrical forces between particles, as given by Coulomb's law.
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Which term describes the process that continually moves water from the ground to the atmosphere and back? ASAP
A Evaporation cycle
B Humidity cycle
C Transpiration cycle
D Water cycle
under the same conditions of temperature and pressure how does a liquid differ from a gas
what happened if you poured lava on snow
Answer:
This is what could happen:
Explanation:
When lava meets ice, the resulting mess can cause flooding, destroy valuable resources and even produce explosions.
Answer: When lava meets ice, it neither explodes nor tunnels through; rather, it forms strange-looking bubbles.
Explanation:
Pls help me will give brainliest.
Where is convection happening on Earth?
A. Atmosphere
B. Earth's outer core
C. Earth's mantle
D. Oceans
E. All of the above I
Answer:
C. Earth's Mantle
Explanation:
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Earth's mantle is the correct answer
is it difficult or easy to obtain hydro power
Answer:yes
Explanation:
cause yes
Explain how the complexity and diversity of living things has changed over time
Answer:
Dylan invested $ 600 in a savings account at a 1.6 % annual interest rate . He made no deposits or withdrawals on the account for 2 years. The interest was compounded annually . Find, to the nearest cent, the balance in the account after 2 years. a₁ What information from the question is important ? b . How much does Dylan have in his bank account after 2 years ? Show work .
_ is the process in which an element spontaneously transforms into another isotope of the same element, or into a different element.
Answer:
Nuclear transmutation
Explanation:
The process in which an element spontaneously transforms into another isotope of the same element, or into a different element is called nuclear transumutation. It occurs when the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is changed.
Rank the following molecules (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) in the order that they melt.
Sucrose
Iodine
Sodium
Paraffin
There is a picture attached
Sodium chloride has the highest melting point while iodine has the least melting point.
The melting points of solid substances depends on the nature of intermolecular forces that exists in the substance. The stronger the magnitude of intermolecular forces in a substance, the higher its melting point.
The order of melting points of the solids shown in question is as follows;
1st - Sodium chloride2nd - sucrose3rd - paraffin4th - IodineSodium chloride has the highest melting points because it is an ionic substance. Among the molecular sucrose and paraffin, sucrose has a higher melting point than sucrose because it has a greater molar mass. Iodine, a molecular substance has the least molar mass and the least melting point in the list.
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help asap for brainlist
Answer:
Function A: +3
Function B: +2
y intercept is greater in Function B, the value is 16
Explanation:
Which of the following is NOT a chemical reaction?
Select one:
a.
Hydrogen and oxygen combine to make water
b.
Ammonia breaks up into nitrogen and hydrogen
c.
Ice melts to form water
how could you distinguish an element from a compound
Answer:
Elements are pure substances which are composed of only one type of atom. Compound are substances which are formed by two or more different types of elements that are united chemically in fixed proportions.
Help Please!
Fluorine - 19
Atomic number- 9
Atomic mass - 19
Answer:
Number of protons is 9
Number of electrons is 9
Number of neutrons is 10
Explanation:
Atomic number refers to the number of protons or electrons in an atom, so the electrons and protons are 9.
Atomic mass is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
Therefore, there are 10 neutrons in the atom's nucleus
please help due right now
10 POINTS
Answer:
F=ma
Explanation:
F=m×a
according to that F÷m=a and also F ÷a=m
a 35.66g sample of copper is heated using 600j of energy. if the original temperature of the copper is 85C what is its final temperature?
Specific heat of copper: 0.38j/gC
A -6.39
B 6.39
C -78.61
D 91.4
This problem is providing the mass, energy, initial temperature and specific heat of a sample of copper that is required to calculate the final temperature.
Thus, we recall the general heat equation:
[tex]Q=mC(T_f-T_i)\\[/tex]
Which has to be solved for the final temperature, [tex]T_f[/tex] as follows:
[tex]T_f=T_i+\frac{Q}{mC}[/tex]
Finally, we plug in the numbers to obtain:
[tex]T_f=85\°C+\frac{600J}{35.66g*0.38\frac{J}{g\°C} } \\\\T_f=129.3\°C[/tex]
However, this result is not given in the choices.
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https://brainly.com/question/14383794what are remained on the cloth? explain your answer.
Answer:
on which cloth. since the sub is chemistry. which chemical or mixture or compound
Water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature, while carbon dioxide (CO2) is a gas at room temperature. Why? Choose the two statements that apply.
Water has relatively strong hydrogen bonds holding the molecules together but CO2 has only dispersion forces acting as intermolecular forces. The weaker intermolecular forces explains why CO2 is a gas whereas H2O is a liquid at room temperature
How does a phase change from solid to liquid occur in a substance?
A. Heat energy is released from the substance, weakening the electrical attraction between molecules.
B. Heat energy is released from the substance, strengthening the electrical attraction between molecules.
C. Heat energy is added to the substance, weakening the electrical attraction between molecules.
D. Heat energy is added to the substance, strengthening the electrical attraction between molecules.
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
1. Heat energy is added to the substance, weakening the electrical attraction between molecules.
2. Both the melting point and boiling point are lower.
3. dipole
4. Water and ethanol have different molecular structures.
5. The lone pairs of electrons in the oxygen atom causes the molecule to be bent; the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges.
[quizlet: captncrun]
Heat is a form factor that changes the solid from light to light to gaseous mediums. The phases take place in a cyclic manner.
The solid to liquid changes take place due to the melting or fusion, solid to gas take lace through the sublimation, liquid to gas is by vaporization, and gas to liquid is condensation. Thus the heat is added and leads to the weakening of the electrical attraction within the molecules.Hence the correct option is C.
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If a certain person has a mass of 250kg on earth, would that person's mass be on the moon, if the moon's gravity is 1.62m/s2? *
245kg x 1.62m/s2
245 x 1.62m/s2
It remains the same
The person would be weightless
Answer:
it remains the same
Explanation:
mass is like name is not changed any where mass express the amount of matter in an object which is fixed any where regardless its gravity
what type of bacteria use the enzyme nitrate reductase to metabolize nitrogen oxides and transform them back to nitrogen gas?
Denitrifying Bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the type of bacteria that use enzyme nitrate reductase to metabolise nitrogen oxides to nitrogen gas.
Denitrification is the process whereby nitrites or nitrogen oxides is converted to nitrogen gas by a denitrifying Bacteria such as Pseudomonas.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses enzyme nitrate reductase to reduce nitrate to nitrite.
Then nitrite is then converted back to nitrogen gas.
Therefore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a type of bacteria that uses enzyme nitrate reductase.
Describe the difference between accuracy and precision. How do these two concepts relate to the idea of significant digits?
Answer:
Accuracy of a measured value refers to how close a measurement is to the correct value. The uncertainty in a measurement is an estimate of the amount by which the measurement result may differ from this value. Precision of measured values refers to how close the agreement is between repeated measurements.
Explanation:
Every magnet must have what at its ends?
O A. A positive charge and a negative charge
B. A positive charge and a north pole
C. A north pole and a south pole
D. A south pole and another south pole
Answer:
one end is the north pole and the other is the south pole.
Explanation:
a north pole will attract a south pole; the magnets pull on each other. But the two north poles will push each other away. ... A compass is a tiny magnet balanced on a point so it can turn freely.
As part of a science experiment, Jose did a test for starch on a slice of apple and a slice of potato. The yellow-orange iodine solution stayed the same color when it was put on the apple, but it became black on the potato.
Why did the iodine solution change color on the potato?
A.
The iodine burned the potato and turned it to ash.
B.
The iodine mixed with the colors of the potato so it looked black.
C.
The iodine evaporated into a gas.
D.
The iodine reacted with the potato to form a new substance.
Answer:
d, the idiodine reacted
QUESTION 2
What is the pressure in atm of 0.742 mole of gas at 10.91 L and 291 K?
I
The pressure of this gas in atm is equal to 1.63 atm.
Given the following data:
Number of moles = 0.742 moleVolume = 10.91 LitersTemperature = 291 KIdeal gas constant, R = 0.0821 Latm/molKTo calculate the pressure of this gas, we would use the ideal gas law equation;
[tex]P=\frac{nRT}{V}[/tex]
Where;
P is the pressure.V is the volume.n is the number of moles of a gas.R is the ideal gas constant.T is the temperature.Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]P=\frac{0.742 \times 0.0821 \times 291}{10.91} \\\\P = \frac{17.73}{10.91}[/tex]
Pressure, P = 1.63 atm.
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What is oxidation state?
Answer:
a number assigned to an element in chemical combination which represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the number is negative), by an atom of that element in the compound
Explanation:
sodium, magnesium, iron is zero.
The definition of oxidation state is as follows: Oxidation state is a number given to the atom of an element when participating in a chemical reaction.
OXIDATION STATE:The atoms of elements are not always neutral i.e. carry no charge. They sometimes carry either positive or negative charges to become ions. Ions can either be cations (positively charged) or anions (negatively charged). The amount of charges are represented by numbers placed as a superscript in front of the element involved. These superscript charge assigned to a corresponding element during a chemical reaction is called oxidation state. The oxidation state of an element portrays the number of electrons gained or lost during the reaction.Therefore, oxidation state can be defined as a number given to the atom of an element when participating in a chemical reaction.
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Energy moves back and forth through the differnent ________.