Decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.
A. Intuition
B. Crisis situation
C. Programmed decisions

All of the following are social-cognitive critiques of the trait approach to personality EXCEPT that there are not enough traits to describe the many ways in which people behave. Hence, option A is correct.

The social-cognitive theory is frequently criticized for not being a comprehensive theory. This suggests that the many components of the theory could not be related. For instance, according to the social-cognitive perspective, researchers have not yet discovered a relationship between observational learning and self-efficacy.

According to the social cognitive theory, which is applied to psychology, education, and communication, a person's knowledge acquisition might be in part directly tied to how they see other people in the setting of social experiences, and outside media influences.

Human behavior is described by social cognitive theory as a triadic, dynamic, and reciprocal interaction of individual characteristics, behavior, and environment. This idea states that each of these three variables independently determines an individual's behavior.

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The Ottoman Empire played a significant role in global trade, particularly in the areas of spices, textiles, and ceramics, as it controlled key trade routes between Asia and Europe.

The Ottoman Empire was a major player in global trade, particularly in the early modern period. As a vast and powerful empire that spanned Europe, Asia, and Africa, it controlled key trade routes and acted as a hub for the exchange of goods and ideas between East and West.One of the most important impacts of the Ottoman Empire on global trade was in the area of spices. Ottoman control over the Mediterranean and Red Sea made it a crucial intermediary in the spice trade between Europe and Asia, allowing it to profit from the lucrative spice trade.In addition to spices, the Ottomans also traded textiles and ceramics, which were highly sought after in Europe. Ottoman textiles were known for their intricate designs and high quality, and were exported to markets throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.The Ottoman Empire's impact on global trade was not limited to the exchange of goods. It also had a significant impact on the cultural and intellectual exchange that occurred during this period.

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An example of gatekeeping is: a parent monitoring the content their child is exposed to. The correct option is D.

Gatekeeping refers to the process of controlling or regulating access to information, resources, opportunities, or spaces. It involves the exertion of control or authority over who gets to participate, enter, or engage in a particular activity or domain.

In the given example, the parent acts as a gatekeeper by controlling and filtering the information, media, or content that their child is allowed to access.

Thus, the ideal selection is option D.

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The complete question might be:

Gatekeeping exists in many aspects of society. Which of these everyday occurrences is an example of gatekeeping?

a) a teacher giving instructions to the class

b) a restaurant following health and safety standards

c) a married couple making their monthly budget together

d) a parent monitoring the content their child is exposed to

Research suggests that proper compensation, incentives, or rewards are necessary to produce a motivated salesperson, along with several other factors including good leadership, a positive work environment, clear expectations, and recognition for a job well done.

Compensation and incentives are important because they help to motivate salespeople to strive to reach their sales goals. Good compensation will provide financial security for salespeople and help to ensure their loyalty and commitment to their organization. Incentives can also provide an extra incentive for salespeople to excel in their jobs, as they can be awarded based on their performance.

Good leadership is another factor that contributes to motivating salespeople. Good leaders provide guidance, support, and recognition to help salespeople achieve their goals. A positive work environment is also key, as it will help to create a culture of support and success within an organization.

Clear expectations should also be established for salespeople in order to ensure that their performance is up to the standard. This includes expectations such as the number of sales they should make per month or the number of leads they should generate. It also helps to set achievable goals so that salespeople can track their progress.

Finally, recognition for a job well done is essential. This includes recognizing salespeople when they meet their goals and also providing praise when they go above and beyond. By recognizing their achievements, salespeople will be motivated to continue performing at their best.

In conclusion, proper compensation, incentives, good leadership, a positive work environment, clear expectations, and recognition for a job well done are all factors that help to produce a motivated salesperson.

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Researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder, based on differences in the brain circuitry involved in the two disorders. Thus, the correct option is C.

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder in which an individual has repeated episodes of sudden anxiety or panic attacks. These attacks cause feelings of intense fear and physical symptoms such as chest pain, sweating, and heart palpitations, among others. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about everyday events or activities. People with GAD often feel anxious, restless, and easily fatigued.

Both panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder can coexist in individuals, and they share some common features. However, researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder based on differences in the brain circuitry involved in the two disorders.

Panic disorder has been associated with an overactive amygdala, the brain region responsible for the processing of fear and anxiety. In contrast, GAD has been linked to changes in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for emotional regulation, decision-making, and attention.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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The mirror neuron activity is the reason people often yawn when they observe others yawning. Without conscious reflection, people often yawn when they observe others yawning. Researchers are now considering whether this can be attributed to mirror neuron activity.

The function of mirror neurons is to enable people to understand the experiences of others. They fire up in the brain when people see or hear someone else doing something or experiencing an emotion, and they become stimulated in a comparable manner as if they were the ones doing the activity or experiencing the emotion.

Mirror neurons are neurons that fire when a person acts or when a person observes another person performing a particular action. These neurons, which are located in the brain's premotor cortex, aid in the formation of an individual's understanding of the actions of others.

Mirror neurons were discovered by an Italian neuroscientist named Giacomo Rizzolatti and his team. They did a study in the early 1990s, in which they were examining the brains of macaque monkeys.

They discovered that when a monkey was picking up a peanut, some of the same neurons in the monkey's brain fired as though it were the monkey's hand that was performing the activity.

This is why when we observe another person yawning, mirror neurons become stimulated in our brain, causing us to mimic the behavior without conscious reflection. Therefore, mirror neuron activity is the reason people often yawn when they observe others yawning.

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A satellite television system includes satellite dish antennas and communications satellites.

The correct option is (D) .

A satellite television system works by transmitting television signals from a television station to a communications satellite in geostationary orbit. The satellite then transmits the signals back to Earth, where they are received by a satellite dish antenna installed at the viewer's location. The dish antenna picks up the signals and sends them to a set-top box or a television set, which then decodes the signals and displays the television program on the screen.

Satellite television systems do not typically use GPS receivers, which are used for determining location, nor do they use infrared cameras or electromagnetic waves in the transmission process. Instead, the signals are transmitted using radio waves in the microwave frequency range, which are picked up by the dish antenna and then converted into electrical signals that can be decoded and displayed as television programming.

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Monkeys raised in total isolation have been observed to become very fearful or aggressive when brought into close contact with other monkeys their age. Option B is the correct answer.

Harlow (1965) separated newborn monkeys from their mothers. They didn't communicate with anyone or each other at all. He maintained some of them in this condition for three months, others for six, nine, or even their whole first year of life. Afterwards, he returned them to the group of monkeys to observe how their lack of connection affected their behavior. Option B is the correct answer.

The findings revealed that the monkeys exhibited peculiar behavior, including persistent body grasping and swaying. Afterwards they were returned to the group of monkeys. The newborns initially reacted fearfully to the other monkeys before turning viciously hostile. They were also unable to interact socially or in communication with other monkeys. They were frightened by the other monkeys. Option B is the correct answer.

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True, the Party function is most responsible for deciding who will represent the differing party.

A political group is just a group of individuals. These people band together to run in election campaigns in order to gain control of the government. It is a strategy for rallying voters around shared interests, issues, and goals. The primary function of a political party is to establish the policy objectives and policies. As a result, each party strives to convince people that their policies are superior to those of the other parties. A political party, in a broader sense, is a vehicle through which the people can communicate with the authorities while having a say in the democracy of any nation. As a result, every major group must have three essential components:

Active Members Leaders

Some functions are available to followers.

A political party enters elections by nominating candidates.

Candidates in countries such as the United States are chosen by supporters and supporters of of a political party.

Candidates in countries such as India, which is on the other hand, are selected by top national parties.

Each party has its own set of policies and programmes. Voters cast their ballots based on their preferences for policies and programmes.

In a democratic nation, a large gang of people with similar beliefs band together to form a party. After that, provide direction to the government's policies.

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When arrested for a speech criticizing the government, during which years, and at which levels of government, would this be an unconstitutional violation of civil liberties?

First and foremost, it is important to remember that this is a hypothetical scenario. A speech criticising the government, according to the First Amendment, is considered to be a form of free speech. Free speech is an essential part of civil liberties in the United States of America.

It has been defined as the right to express one's opinion without fear of censorship, restraint, or retribution. a) In 1986, you were arrested by the federal government. This would be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties because the First Amendment of the United States Constitution states that Congress shall make no law that abridges the freedom of speech. b) In 1986, you were arrested by the state government.

This would be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties because the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution extended the application of the First Amendment to the states. c) In 1886, you were arrested by the federal government.

This would not be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties. This is because the Constitution had not yet been amended to include the First Amendment's free speech protections. d) In 1886, you were arrested by the state government. This would not be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties.

This is because the Constitution had not yet been amended to include the Fourteenth Amendment's extension of the First Amendment's free speech protections.

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Being aware of how to serve a ball in tennis involves declarative memory; the act of serving the ball involves procedural memory; and the memory of the first time you served a tennis ball involves episodic memory.

Declarative memory refers to the memory of facts and events, such as knowing the steps involved in serving a tennis ball. Procedural memory refers to the memory of how to perform a skill or task, such as the motor movements involved in serving a tennis ball. Episodic memory refers to the memory of specific events or personal experiences, such as the first time you served a tennis ball.Although it's common to refer to things like never forgetting how to ride a bike, throw a baseball, or serve a tennis ball as having "muscle memory," these resiliency skills are truly the result of motor learning.

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4-year-old Michelle often talks to herself. She does this when trying to solve a particularly difficult problem. Lev Vygotsky would say Michelle is probably socially competent.

Between the ages of eight and her eleventh, the child's self-description reaches important milestones and begins to recognize one's own abilities and personality traits. Assuming we see ourselves through this or that perspective, we become increasingly aware that we have both positive and negative traits, even as we experience conflicting emotions.

Early children in this age group are much more likely to exhibit traits such as "smart," "kind," "helpful," and "popular," based on personal experience. Later in childhood, friendships and interactions with others become a large part of how children define themselves. Self-description reflects this by including many social characteristics. At this age, some children prefer same-sex friends and avoid interaction with the opposite sex, or even express disdain.

Around this time, children begin to compare and evaluate themselves with those around them. Especially as their social world expands and they learn more about others, they begin to see themselves more realistically. determine how it complies with For example, by the age of eight or so, children begin to understand whether they meet the standards of customary attractiveness in their own culture. How they look, how they dress, and how they behave are very important to a child. 

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The following is an example of an adaptive fear response: Fear of injury can protect us from harm and fear of punishment can constrain us from harming one another. The correct option is 3.

Fear of injury can protect us from harm and fear of punishment can constrain us from harming one another.

Fear is a mental and physical reaction to perceived danger, whether the threat is real or imagined. Fear is a basic human emotion, and it is typically accompanied by physical sensations such as a racing heart, sweaty palms, and shallow breathing.

Fear can also cause a person to feel nervous or uncomfortable, and it can impact a person's behavior and decision-making abilities.

An adaptive fear response is a survival instinct that has developed through millions of years of evolution. This type of fear response allows individuals to respond to danger quickly and appropriately in order to protect themselves from harm.

Adaptive fear responses are often associated with physiological changes such as an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, which help the body to prepare for the fight-or-flight response that is associated with danger.

Therefore, the correct option is 3.

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complete question

Although fear can have negative consequences, it can also be adaptive. Which of the following is an example of an adaptive fear response?

1. Fear prepares our bodies to flee from danger

2. Fear can bind people together as families, nations, etc.

3. Fear of injury can protect us from harm and fear of punishment can constrain us from harming one another.

4. All of these examples demonstrate that fear can be an adaptive response.

Positive self-talk has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health. It can help to reduce stress and anxiety, promote self-esteem and confidence, and encourage healthy coping strategies. A negative inner monologue, on the other hand, can lead to feelings of depression, and low self-esteem, and can negatively affect relationships with others.

The relationship between positive self-talk and mental health is a strong one. When individuals use positive self-talk, it can help to decrease stress and anxiety, increase self-esteem, and promote a more optimistic outlook on life. Positive self-talk helps to regulate emotions and improves mental health.

However, negative inner monologues can lead to detrimental effects on mental health. The potential pitfalls of negative inner monologues include decreased self-esteem, increased stress and anxiety, feelings of hopelessness or despair, and a distorted view of oneself or the world. Negative self-talk can make people feel helpless and trapped, leading to a negative cycle of self-doubt and self-defeat.

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When making judgments about others based on a halo effect, people tend to assume that a single aspect represents their overall character.

The halo effect is a phenomenon where a single aspect of a person is taken as an indication of their entire character or personality. When making judgments about others based on a halo effect, people tend to assume that a single aspect represents their overall character.

The halo effect is often used to describe how people form impressions of others based on limited information or first impressions. For example, someone who is physically attractive may be seen as more intelligent, kind, or successful, simply because of their appearance.

Similarly, someone who is well-dressed, confident, or charming may be perceived as more trustworthy or competent, even if there is no evidence to support these assumptions.

In summary, the halo effect is a cognitive bias that causes people to overestimate the positive qualities of a person based on a single characteristic or trait, rather than considering the person as a whole. This can lead to unfair and inaccurate judgments, and may cause people to overlook negative qualities or flaws in the individual's character.

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The statement "The reason that solar eclipses are not observed each month is that the moon's shadow only covers a small portion of earth so very few people can actually see the monthly eclipses" is true because the Moon's orbit around the Earth is an ellipse, it is farther away from the Earth at times and closer at other times. When the Moon is closest to the Earth, it appears larger, and if the new moon occurs during this time, a total eclipse occurs. When the new moon occurs when the Moon is farther from the Earth, it appears smaller, and a total solar eclipse is not visible, even if the Sun is fully obscured.

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, blocking the Sun's light and casting a shadow on the Earth. It's crucial to understand that not every month has a solar eclipse because the Moon's orbit around the Earth is not in the same plane as the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Because of the tilt of the Moon's orbit, its shadow only passes over a limited part of the Earth's surface. Furthermore, not every new moon passes in front of the Sun.

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Kiera is using the notion of Intersectionality to examine how her race, gender, class, sexuality, and ability/disability operate in relationship to each other.

What is intersectionality?

Intersectionality is a term used to describe the interconnection between different kinds of social identity, such as race, gender, class, sexuality, and ability/disability. It acknowledges that each of these social identities is interconnected and that they are not distinct from one another. It is crucial since it accounts for how different types of social identities intersect and work together to influence one's social status and treatment in society.

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The most relevant crime-and-justice attitude that has been linked to the media is the fear of criminal victimization. Fear-of-crime levels are socially important because they lead to social and economic consequences.

Explanation:

Fear of criminal victimization is the most significant crime-and-justice attitude that has been linked to the media. This is because the media plays a crucial role in shaping public perceptions about crime and justice, particularly with regard to the risk of criminal victimization. Media reporting can, in particular, contribute to the rise of the public's perception of crime risk. As a result, media portrayal of crime and justice has been linked to increased levels of fear of crime, particularly violent crimes, among the general public. The social significance of fear-of-crime levels stems from the various social and economic consequences of crime. Fear of crime, particularly violent crimes, may lead to economic and social costs such as increased security costs and decreased business activities, particularly in high-crime areas.

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"The primary objective of this module is to help you understand how to develop empathy for the interests, preferences and circumstances of those affected by problems. The most important people we need to understand are potential customers".

The goal of this module is to teach you how to cultivate empathy for the needs and desires of individuals impacted by various challenges. Developing empathy is essential for understanding the perspectives and circumstances of potential customers, which is critical for creating effective solutions that meet their needs.

By empathizing with customers, we can gain a deeper understanding of their preferences and concerns, allowing us to design products and services that provide meaningful value. Empathy also fosters trust and respect, which can lead to more positive relationships with customers.

Ultimately, by prioritizing empathy, we can create products and services that better serve the needs of our customers, leading to increased satisfaction, loyalty, and success.

This question should be written as:

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Tessie Mobley is most closely aligned with the theory and practice of volunteerism among the three options given. Option A is the correct  answer.

Volunteerism is the practice of individuals freely offering their time, skills, and energy to a cause or organization without expectation of financial compensation. Among the three individuals mentioned, Tessie Mobley is most closely associated with volunteerism. Mobley was a social activist and community organizer who dedicated her life to volunteer work, particularly in advocating for the rights of African American women and children in the United States. She was a key figure in the civil rights movement and worked tirelessly to improve the lives of those in her community.

Paul Robeson was a renowned singer, actor, and political activist who fought against racism and injustice throughout his career. While he was known for his activism, he was not primarily associated with volunteerism. Herbert Hoover was a politician who served as President of the United States from 1929 to 1933. Although he supported volunteerism as a way to address social issues, he is more closely associated with economic policies and responses to the Great Depression.

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The concept of living in community by a Somalian immigrant which is reflected in the given example here is the Ethnic Enclave.

An ethnic enclave is a region or neighborhood that contains a high proportion of residents of a specific ethnicity or race. The minority population must be culturally distinct from the general population to form an enclave, with their own set of beliefs, traditions, and social organizations.

Ethnic enclaves may be established intentionally or accidentally. The establishment of ethnic enclaves is often motivated by political or economic factors, as well as social and cultural factors. The concept of ethnic enclave can be studied through multiple lenses, including anthropology, geography, and sociology.

The Somalian immigrant in the given example moved into a Somalian community in Columbus, Ohio where his family members were living. He did not consider living in other communities, indicating that he preferred to live with people from his ethnic group. This example reflects the concept of Ethnic Enclave.

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When exist externalities the outcome observed may not be the efficient outcome.

A benefit or expense that an unconnected third party indirectly obtains as a result of some other party's position is referred to as an extra factor or external cost. Both supplier and consumer transactions involve unpriced goods known as externalities.

When people, households, and businesses fail to absorb the indirect costs or advantages of their economic interactions, externalities pose serious issues for economic policy. Inefficient market outcomes are the result of the ensuing wedges between public and private costs or profits.

An externality can be both beneficial and detrimental and might emerge from the production or use of an item or service. Costs and benefits may be both private (to an individual or a company) and social (affecting society as a whole).

There is excess production as a result of negative externalities, which show that not all costs are paid by the producer. When the buyer does not benefit fully from the good, positive externalities lower output.

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Leo's finishing time of 4948 seconds was 535 seconds (9.6%) faster than the mean of the men's 30-34 group, and 1.2 standard deviations above the mean.

Standard deviation is a measure of the spread or dispersion of a set of data points around the mean value. It is calculated by taking the square root of the average of the squared differences from the mean. It is also a measure of how much variation or "dispersion" exists from the average (mean). Standard deviation helps to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion from the average of a data set. It is used to measure risk and in the calculation of statistical tests such as the z-test and t-test. Standard deviation can also be used to compare the performance of different groups or to compare the performance of a single group over time.

This indicates Leo's performance was better than average in his group.
Mary's finishing time of 5513 seconds was 252 seconds (4.8%) slower than the mean of the women's 25-29 group, and 0.3 standard deviations below the mean. This indicates Mary's performance was slightly below average in her group.

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The answer are pioneering researcher of observational learning was: Albert Bandura.

Observational learning is a learning concept that describes how we learn by watching and imitating others. Unlike classical and operant conditioning, observational learning allows us to learn without having to experience punishment or reinforcement directly.

This theory explains how people can learn from one another, and it can be useful in areas like education and psychotherapy. The following are the pioneers of observational learning:

Albert Bandura was a Canadian-American psychologist who conducted a number of experiments demonstrating the power of observational learning in the 1960s. John Garcia was an American psychologist who is best known for his work on taste aversion and the conditions that produce it.

John B. Watson was an American psychologist who is best known for his work on classical conditioning, including the Little Albert experiment. B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who is best known for his work on operant conditioning and the Skinner box.

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True as the People with analytical decision-making style prefer to approach decision-making with a low tolerance for ambiguity, and an orientation towards task and technical concerns.

This type of decision-making is based on careful analysis of all the information available and leads to sound, logical decisions. To make decisions analytically, one must thoroughly assess all the potential consequences, identify potential risks and problems, and then make a well-informed decision.

This process of assessing data and possible outcomes requires a level of precision and attention to detail, making it ideal for those with a low tolerance for ambiguity.

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Sociologists would most likely classify black people as being in the minority.

Depending on the situation, the word "minority group" can be used in a variety of ways. A minority group can be easily recognized by means of statistical sizes within a population, i.e., a social category with least number of members is the "minority," according to standard use.

However, the term "minority" in the 1990s typically refers to four significant ethnic and racial categories: American Indians ,African Americans, ,Alaska Natives, Asians & Pacific Peoples, and Hispanics. This shift in America's cultural and racial profile is particularly obvious in some states and towns.

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In addition to the jersey patch, 14 of the 30 NBA teams this season feature ad patches on their shooting shirts.

MLB's teams were advised in a memo in February that they might begin using "field-level LED signage" this season behind home plate and mounted to the dugout facings.

In order to establish opportunities and challenges, marketing research defines opportunities and problems through connecting the marketer with consumers, customers, and the general public through information. Create, alter, and evaluate activities; gauge effectiveness; and improve understanding of it as a process.

It identifies the data needed to address these problems, plans the information gathering strategy, supervises and carries out the data collection process, evaluates the results, and communicates the consequences of the findings.

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The statement here is the type of team that is characterized by a group assembled for a specific purpose is known as a "standing committee" is False.

A standing committee is a group of individuals who are appointed or elected to handle particular tasks on a continuing basis.

Standing committees are a fundamental part of a legislative body's operation, and their function is to manage certain issues within the organization's jurisdiction, such as budget, education, health, or transportation.

The committee's activities are ongoing, and they continue until the committee is disbanded or restructured. Consequently, the type of team that is characterized by a group assembled for a specific purpose is NOT known as a 'standing committee'.

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According to the text, the most positive level of confirming responses is Level 3 which is endorsement. The correct option is c.

Level 3 confirming responses are the most positive because they not only acknowledge the content of the message but also validate the speaker's feelings and thoughts.

These responses demonstrate a high level of empathy and understanding towards the speaker and help to establish a supportive and trusting communication environment.

Examples of Level 3 confirming responses include statements such as "I understand why you feel that way" or "It makes sense that you would be upset about that." By using Level 3 confirming responses, individuals can effectively communicate their support and respect for others while building stronger relationships.

Therefore, Level 3 is considered the most affirmative level of confirming responses, which is option c.

The complete question is:

According to the text (chapter 9) the most positive level of confirming responses (there are three levels) is?
a. recognition (Level 1)

b. acknowledgment (Level 2)

c. endorsement (Level 3)

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