Consider the location game with nine possible regions at which vendors may locate. Suppose that, rather than the players moving simultaneously and independently, they move sequentially. First, vendor 1 selects a location. Then, after observing the decision of vendor 1, vendor 2 chooses where to locate. Use backward induction to solve this game (and identify the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium). Remember that you need to specify the second vendor’s sequentially optimal strategy (his best move conditional on every different action of vendor 1).

Solution:

Given :

Location game with 9 possible [tex]\text{regions}[/tex] and other than the players who are moving simultaneously and also independently, but they move in a sequential manner.

Vendor 1 selects a location.

After observing decision of vendor 1, vendor 2 chooses where to locate.

Using backward induction the game is solved as below :

--  [tex]\text{a retrogressive acceptance harmony of the division}[/tex] will be a Nash equilibrium.

-- Presently [tex]\text{ if applicant 1}[/tex] (vendor 1) picks first then he will likewise get the chance to pick last as this another move amusement.

-- In the end of the game, vendor 1 will have claimed five regions and candidate 2 (vendor 2) will have claimed four regions.

-- So vendor 2 will keep this in mind and apply backward induction and choose the best regions early on the game.

-- Vendor 2 will keep in mind that vendor 1 will choose last and will ensure that his choices take up the best locations first.

--- This will be his ideal technique for each activity of vendor 1.

Hence this is the Nash equilibrium.

Suppose that Musashi, an economist from an AM talk radio program, and Rina, an economist from a university in Massachusetts, are arguing over health insurance. The following dialogue shows an excerpt from their debate:

Rina: A popular topic for debate among politicians as well as economists is the idea of providing government assistance for health benefits.
Musashi: I think it is oppressive for the government to tax people who take care of themselves in order to pay for health insurance for those who are obese.
Rina: I disagree. I think government funding of health insurance is useful to ensure basic fairness.

The disagreement between these economists is most likely due to:

a. Differences in scientific judgments
b. Differences in Values
c. Differences between perception VS. reality

Despite their differences, with which proposition are two economists chosen at random most likely to agree?

a. Lawyers make up an excessive percentage of elected officials.
b. Minimum wage laws do more to harm low-skilled workers than help them.
c. Tariffs and import quotas generally reduce economic welfare.

Julio is in the 32% tax bracket. He acquired 9,000 shares of stock in Gray Corporation seven years ago at a cost of $20 per share. In the current year, Julio received a payment of $135,000 from Gray Corporation in exchange for 4,500 of his shares in Gray. Gray has E & P of $1,000,000. What income tax liabil-ity would Julio incur on the $150,000 payment in each of the following situations? Assume that Julio has no capital losses.

a. The stock redemption qualifies for sale or exchange treatment.
b. The stock redemption does not qualify for sale or exchange treatment.
c. How would your answer to parts (a) and (b) of Problem 49 differ if Julio were a corporate shareholder rather than an individual shareholder and the stock ownership in Gray Corporation represented a 25% interest?

______contains journal vouchers of past periods for audit trail

Interest rate​ (with changing​ years). Keiko is looking at the following investment choices and wants to know what annual rate of return each choice produces. a.  Invest ​$360.00 and receive ​$788.17 in 11 years. b.  Invest ​$3 comma 000.00 and receive ​$11 comma 499.87 in 17 years. c.  Invest ​$31 comma 542.31 and receive ​$140 comma 000.00 in 22 years. d.  Invest ​$32 comma 895.12 and receive ​$1 comma 100 comma 000.00 in 40 years.

GHI Corporation, a California corporation, has a six-person board. At a regular board meeting, only two directors attend. No notice was sent to any of the directors. The two attending call directors Alice and Bob and put them on a conference call. The four talk about the corporation buying Blackacre and then all agree to a resolution for GHI to buy Blackacre from Third Party. The Bylaws of GHI state that an action of the board requires the consent of a majority of the directors present at a meeting, and that a quorum is a majority of the authorized directors.
Select one:
a. the purchase is authorized because a quorum was present and a majority of those present approved the action.
b. the purchase is not authorized, since all real estate transactions require shareholder approval
c. the purchase is not authorized because prior written notice must be sent to each director
d. the purchase is not authorized because a quorum was not present at the board meeting
e. Two of the above are correct.

WHAT IS THE SUPPLY CHAIN FRAMEWORK'S IN OKADA? WHAT IS THE MODEL ?

In a newsvendor model where the demand has normal distribution, if Co < Cu, i.e., the overage cost is lower than the underage cost, then the optimal ordering quantity (i.e., the Newsvendor ordering quantity) will be:_______.

The following data were accumulated for use in reconciling the bank account of Creative Design Co. for August 20Y6:

a. Cash balance according to the company's records at August 31, $19,140.
b. Cash balance according to the bank statement at August 31, $19,950.
c. Checks outstanding, $3,890. Deposit in transit not recorded by bank, $3,120.
d. A check for $340 in payment of an account was erroneously recorded in the check register as $430.
e. Bank debit memo for service charges, $50.

Required:
Journalize the entries that should be made by the company that (a) increase cash and (b) decrease cash.

Consider a $6500 piece of machinery, with a 5-year depreciable life and an estimated $1200 salvage value. The projected utilization of the machinery when it was purchased, and its actual production to date, are as follows:

Year Projected Production (Tons) Actual Production (Tons)
1 3500 3000
2 4000 5000
3 4500 [Not]
4 5000 Yet
5 5500 [Known]

Compute the depreciation using :
a. straight line
b. sum of years digits
c. double declining balance
d. Unit of production (for the first 2 years only)
e. Modified accelerated cost recovery system

The Texas Consolidated Electronics Company is contemplating a research and development program encompassing eight research projects. The company is constrained from embarking on all projects by the number of available management scientists (40) and the budget available for R&D projects (S300,000). Further, if project 2 is selected, project 5 must also be selected (but not vice versa). Following are the resources requirement and the estimated profit for each project.
Project Expense Management Estimated Profit
($1,000s) Scientists required (1,000,000s)
1 50 6 0.30
2 105 8 0.85
3 56 9 0.20
4 45 3 0.15
5 90 7 0.50
6 80 5 0.45
7 78 8 0.55
8 60 5 0.40
Formulate the integer programming model for this problem and solve it using the computer.

Checking accounts at a local bank carry an average balance of $3000. The bank turns over its balance 3 times a year. On average, how many dollars flow through the bank each month?

describe the term marginal cost?​

Exercise 9-15A (Static) Using the current ratio to make comparisons LO 9-7 The following information was drawn from the balance sheets of the Kansas and Montana companies: Kansas Montana Current assets $ 59,000 $ 78,000 Current liabilities 40,000 43,000 Required a. Compute the current ratio for each company. b. Which company has the greater likelihood of being able to pay its bills

Calaveras Tire exchanged equipment for two pickup trucks. The book value and fair value of the equipment given up were $34,000 (original cost of $86,000 less accumulated depreciation of $52,000) and $45,000, respectively. Assume Calaveras paid $6,000 in cash and the exchange lacks commercial substance. At what amount will Calaveras value the pickup trucks? How much gain or loss will the company recognize on the exchange?

Poe Company is considering the purchase of new equipment costing $89,500. The projected annual cash inflows are $39,700, to be received at the end of each year. The machine has a useful life of 4 years and no salvage value. Poe requires a 10% return on its investments. The present value of an annuity of 1 and present value of an annuity for different periods is presented below. Compute the net present value of the machine.
Periods Present Value of 1 at 10% Present Value of an Annuity of 1 at 10%
1 0.9091 0.9091
2 0.8264 1.7355
3 0.7513 2.4869
4 0.6830 3.1699
A. $(22,101).
B. $(36,345).
C. $22,101.
D. $54,919.
E. $36,345.

Ortega Company manufactures computer hard drives. The market for hard drives is very competitive. The current market price for a computer hard drive is $54. Ortega would like a profit of $14 per drive. What target cost Ortega should set to accomplish this objective

The typical horizontal flows of information in an accounts payable/cash disbursements process might include all of the following except:

a. an invoice is received from a vendor
b. the paid voucher is returned to the accounts payable department
c. an approved disbursement voucher is sent to the cashier
d. a copy of a receiving report is sent to the cashier

Analyzing the Impact of Selected Transactions on the Current Ratio [LO 13-4, LO 13-5]
In its most recent annual report, Sunrise Enterprises reported current assets of $1,090,000 and current liabilities of $602,000.
Required:
Determine for each of the following transactions whether the current ratio, and each of its two components, for Sunrise will increase, decrease, or have no change: (1) sold long-term assets for cash, (2) accrued severance pay for terminated employees, (3) wrote down the carrying value of certain inventory items that were deemed to be obsolete, and (4) acquired new inventory by signing an 18-month promissory note (the supplier was not willing to provide normal credit terms).

A company's beginning Work in Process inventory consisted of units that were 90 % complete with respect to direct labor A total of were finished during the period and remaining in Work in Process inventory were 40 % complete with respect to direct labor at the end of the period . Using the weighted average method the equivalent units of production with regard to direct labor were :

The difference between the actual labor rate multiplied by the actual labor hours worked and the standard labor rate multiplied by the standard labor hours is the:_________.
a. labor price variance.
b. total labor variance.
c. labor efficiency variance.
d. labor quantity variance.

The theory which states that problems arise in corporations because top management no longer is willing to bear the brunt of their decisions unless they own a substantial amount of stock in the corporation is called

Jamison Company uses the total cost method of applying the cost-plus approach to product pricing. Jamison produces and sells Product X at a total cost of $1,000 per unit, of which $680 is product cost and $320 is selling and administrative expenses. In addition, the total cost of $1,000 is made up of $570 variable cost and $430 fixed cost. The desired profit is $200 per unit.

Required:
Determine the markup percentage on total cost.

The following is a list of account titles and amounts (in millions) reported at December 27, 2015, by Hashey, Inc. a leading manufacturer of games, toys, and interactive entertainment software for children and families:

Accounts Receivable $1,119 Equipment $496
Accumulated Amortization 751 Goodwill 601
Accumulated Depreciation 506 Inventories 356
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 35 Land 10
Buildings 246 Licensing Rights 1,841
Cash and Cash Equivalents 686 Prepaid Rent 361

Required:
Prepare the asset section of a classified balance sheet for Hashey, Inc.

The Pizza Company is considering a new three-year expansion project. The key data are shown below:
The company hired a consulting firm to help evaluate the project and paid the consulting fee of $60,000. The company owns the space. If company did not invest in the project, it can receive after-tax rental fee for $300,000 per year for 3 years. However, if the
company invested in the project, it will use the space for the project.
 The fixed cost to produce pizza is required at $150,000 per year.
 It is estimated that 50,000 units will be sold in the first year and that 40,000 units and 30,000 units will be sold in the second and third years respectively.
 Each pizza is expected to sell for $25 and the production cost will be $15 per unit.
 The sales price and variable cost should increase with inflation. Expected inflation rate per year is 5%.
 The project requires an initial investment in working capital of $500,000, which will be required in each year at 10% of revenue in the following year.
 The purchase of the machinery at the start of the project is $1,000,000. The shipping and installation cost are $200,000. The machinery will be depreciated straight-line to zero. It is estimated that the machinery can be sold at the end of the project for $250,000.
 To finance the project, the company would need to take a one-million dollar loan at 8% interest rate p.a. from HSBC over the life of the project. Annual interest expense is $80,000.
 The corporate tax rate is 34%.
 The Pizza Company is evaluating its cost of capital under alternative financing arrangements. In consultation with the consulting firm, the Pizza Company expects to be able to issue new Debt at Par with a coupon rate of 8% (coupons paid annually) and to issue new preferred stock with a $4 per share dividend at $32 a share. The common stock of the Pizza Company is currently selling for $22 a share while its book value is $6. The Pizza Company expects to pay a total
dividend of $525,000 for its 200,000 common shares outstanding next year. Market analysts foresee a growth in dividends of the company at the rate of 4% per year. The Pizza Company raises capital using 30% bond, 20% preferred stock, and 50% common stock
a. What is the cost of capital (WACC) of the Pizza Company?
b. Calculate the NPV of the project using the cost of capital calculated in part (a).
Should the project be accepted?

An example of a good that is excludable is: _________
a) an outdoor sculpture visible from the street.
b) a television set.
c) broadcast television.
d) an aerial fireworks display.

Jiminy’s Cricket Farm issued a bond with 25 years to maturity and a semiannual coupon rate of 4 percent 3 years ago. The bond currently sells for 108 percent of its face value. The company’s tax rate is 22 percent.

Russell Preston delivers parts for several local auto parts stores. He charges clients $0.75 per mile driven. Russell has determined that if he drives 3,000 miles in a month, his average operating cost is $0.55 per mile. If he drives 4,000 miles in a month, his average operating cost is $0.50 per mile. Russell has used the high-low method to determine that his monthly cost equation is total cost = $600 + $0.35 per mile.
Required:
1. Determine how many miles Russell needs to drive to break even k-Even Miles Miles.
2. Assume Russell drove 1,800 miles last month. Without making any additional calculations, determine whether he earned a profit or a loss last month.
3. Determine how many miles Russell must drive to earn $1,000 in profit.

This year, Sigma Inc. generated $639,000 income from its routine business operations. In addition, the corporation sold the following assets, all of which were held for more than 12 months:

Initial Basis Acc. Depr Sale Price
Marketable securities $144,000 0 $64,000
Production equipment 93,000 $76,000 30,000
Business realty:
Land 165,000 0 180,000
Building 200,000 58,300 210,000

Required:
a. Compute Sigma’s taxable income assuming that it used the straight-line method to calculate depreciation on the building and has no nonrecaptured.
b. Recompute taxable income assuming that Sigma sold the securities for $150,000 rather than $64,000.

A south sea island produces only coconuts. In​ 2015, the price of a coconut is ​$1.00 and the quantity produced is 250 . In 2019 ​, the price of a coconut is ​$0.50 and the quantity produced is 200 . 2015 is the base year. What is real GDP in 2019 ​?

On December 31, 2020, Marin Company borrowed $67,653 from Paris Bank, signing a 5-year, $114,000 zero-interest-bearing note. The note was issued to yield 11% interest. Unfortunately, during 2022, Marin began to experience financial difficulty. As a result, at December 31, 2022, Paris Bank determined that it was probable that it would receive back only $85,500 at maturity. The market rate of interest on loans of this nature is now 12%.
Prepare the entry, if any, to record the impairment of the loan on December 31, 2022, by Paris Bank.