compare two methods of responding to external events: polling and interrupts. discuss the advantages of each approach and give one example each showing when that method would be more appropriate.

Sure, let's take a closer look at the merge sort process and add some print statements to understand what is happening at each step. Below is an example of the merge sort algorithm with added print statements:

def merge_sort(arr):

   print("Sorting array:", arr)

   if len(arr) > 1:

       mid = len(arr) // 2

       left_half = arr[:mid]

       right_half = arr[mid:]

       merge_sort(left_half)

       merge_sort(right_half)

       print("Merging", left_half, "and", right_half)

       i = j = k = 0

       while i < len(left_half) and j < len(right_half):

           if left_half[i] < right_half[j]:

               arr[k] = left_half[i]

               i += 1

           else:

               arr[k] = right_half[j]

               j += 1

           k += 1

       while i < len(left_half):

           arr[k] = left_half[i]

           i += 1

           k += 1

       while j < len(right_half):

           arr[k] = right_half[j]

           j += 1

           k += 1

   print("Sorted array:", arr)

# Example usage

arr = [6, 2, 9, 1, 5, 8]

merge_sort(arr)

By adding print statements at the start of the function to show the array being sorted, and another print statement after merging the two halves, we can observe the sorting process and the merging of smaller sorted subarrays into larger sorted arrays. This will help us visualize how the algorithm works and understand the intermediate steps involved in sorting the array using the merge sort technique.

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Answer:Make small 16x16 images

Explanation:Try to make small 16x16 images but with good graphics

The iterator interface in Java defines three methods with specific signatures that must be implemented by any class that implements the interface.

The first method is hasNext(), which returns a boolean value indicating whether there are more elements in the collection being iterated over. The second method is next(), which returns the next element in the collection. The third method is remove(), which removes the last element returned by the iterator from the collection. These methods are essential for enabling iteration over collections of any type in Java. By implementing these methods, a class can act as an iterator and enable other classes to iterate over its collection in a standardized and predictable way.

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The given statement "a table is often used to organize website content into columns" is TRUE because it is a common way to organize website content into columns and rows.

It can be used to display various types of information such as pricing, schedules, and product specifications in an organized and visually appealing manner.

Tables can also be customized to fit the design and layout of the website. They are especially useful for websites that contain a lot of data that needs to be presented in a structured way.

However, it is important to ensure that the table is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities, by using appropriate HTML tags and attributes.

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An access port on a switch can only have one data VLAN configured. The second type of VLAN that can be added to an access port is the Voice VLAN, which is used for transmitting VoIP (Voice over IP) traffic.

A Voice VLAN is used to support voice over IP (VoIP) traffic in a network. It allows voice traffic from IP phones to be separated and prioritized over data traffic.

By assigning a Voice VLAN to an access port, you can ensure that voice traffic is properly tagged and prioritized, while data traffic is assigned to the data VLAN.

In summary, while an access port can have only one data VLAN, it can also have a separate Voice VLAN assigned to support voice traffic in a network.

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To derive a recursive formula for S(i), let's consider the two possibilities for picking elements at index i:

If we choose to pick the element at index i, we cannot pick the previous two elements (i-1 and i-2). In this case, the largest sum we can obtain is S(i-2) + A[i].

If we choose not to pick the element at index i, we can consider the largest sum we can obtain up to index i-1, which is S(i-1).

Therefore, the recursive formula for S(i) can be defined as follows:

S(i) = max(S(i-2) + A[i], S(i-1))

For the base cases, we have:

S(0) = A[0] (if there's only one element)

S(1) = max(A[0], A[1]) (if there are two elements)

(b) Based on the recursive formula, we can use dynamic programming to solve the puzzle efficiently. We can create an auxiliary array DP of size n to store the values of S(i) for each index i.

Here is the algorithm to solve the puzzle and return the list of indices to pick:

Initialize an empty list of indices to pick.

Initialize the auxiliary array DP with size n.

Set DP[0] = A[0] and DP[1] = max(A[0], A[1]).

Iterate from i = 2 to n-1:

a. Calculate DP[i] = max(DP[i-2] + A[i], DP[i-1]).

Starting from i = n-1, backtrack to determine the indices to pick:

a. If DP[i] = DP[i-1], move to the previous index i-1.

b. If DP[i] = DP[i-2] + A[i], add i to the list of indices to pick and move to the previous index i-2.

Return the list of indices to pick.

(c) The asymptotic runtime of the algorithm is O(n), where n is the size of the input array A. This is because we need to iterate through each element once to calculate the DP array, and then backtrack from the end to determine the indices to pick. Both of these operations have a linear time complexity with respect to the input size.

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The given scenario is a simple one, and we can represent it using a series of assertions. The scenario involves an individual who is looking for a book in a library. The following assertions can be made:

1. The individual is looking for a book.
2. The individual is in a library.
3. The library contains books.
4. Books are organized in the library.
5. The individual has a specific book in mind.
6. The book has a title.
7. The book has an author.
8. The individual may need help finding the book.
9. The librarian can assist the individual in finding the book.
10. The librarian has knowledge of the library's organization and book locations.
11. The individual can search for the book on their own.
12. The individual may need to use a computer to search for the book.
13. The library has computers available for use.
14. The individual may need to check out the book.
15. The individual needs a library card to check out the book.
16. The library card contains personal information about the individual.
17. The individual can borrow the book for a set amount of time.

Using these assertions, we can answer questions about the scenario, such as where the individual is, what they are looking for, and how they can find it. We can also understand the role of the librarian and the resources available in the library, such as computers and library cards. Overall, this logical representation provides a clear understanding of the scenario and the various elements involved in it.

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Here are some possible assertions that represent the content of the given sentence:

Bob is a person.

Stop-n-Shop is a supermarket.

Tomatoes are a type of produce.

Ground beef is a type of meat.

Two pounds is a quantity of tomatoes that Bob bought.

One pound is a quantity of ground beef that Bob bought.

Bob went to Stop-n-Shop yesterday.

Bob bought tomatoes at Stop-n-Shop.

Bob bought ground beef at Stop-n-Shop.

These assertions represent various pieces of knowledge that can be used to answer questions about the scenario, such as:

Who went to the supermarket yesterday?

What did Bob buy at the supermarket?

How much of each item did Bob buy?

Where did Bob buy the items?

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In any ethical hacking engagement, the starting point is typically the reconnaissance phase. This involves gathering information about the target system or network, including its IP addresses, operating systems, software applications, network topology, and any potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses.

The objective of this phase is to create a detailed map of the target environment and identify potential attack vectors that can be exploited by the ethical hacker.

Once the reconnaissance phase is complete, the ethical hacker can move on to the next stage, which is typically the scanning and enumeration phase. During this phase, the hacker will use various tools and techniques to probe the target network and identify any open ports, services, and applications. This information is then used to determine the potential attack surface and identify any vulnerabilities that can be exploited.

Once vulnerabilities have been identified, the ethical hacker can move on to the exploitation phase. During this phase, the hacker will attempt to exploit any vulnerabilities that have been discovered, using various methods and tools to gain access to the target system or network.

Throughout the entire engagement, the ethical hacker must adhere to strict ethical guidelines, ensuring that all activities are legal and that any data or information obtained is handled responsibly and in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

Ultimately, the goal of ethical hacking is to identify and address vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by malicious actors, helping to protect organizations and individuals from cyber threats.

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The term that refers to a set of devices and protocols that enable computers to communicate with each other is called network.

A network is a group of interconnected devices and systems that can communicate and share resources with each other, such as data, files, printers, and other devices. Network devices include routers, switches, hubs, and servers, while protocols such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP help to regulate and govern the flow of information across the network. Networks can be classified into LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), and VPN (Virtual Private Network), each with their unique characteristics and applications. Overall, networks are essential to modern computing, facilitating communication and collaboration between individuals, businesses, and organizations across the world.

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The name of the function to convert from a C-string that contains only digits to an integer is `atoi()`

The `atoi()` function is part of the C standard library and is used to convert a C-string (character array) representing an integer value to its corresponding integer representation. It parses the characters in the C-string until it encounters a non-digit character or the null terminator '\0', and then returns the integer value. If the C-string does not contain a valid integer representation, `atoi()` behavior is undefined. The name of the function to convert from a C-string that contains only digits to an integer is `atoi()` which stands for "ASCII to Integer." It is a standard library function in C and C++ that is used to parse a C string and convert it into an integer value. The `atoi()` function iterates over the characters in the C-string, starting from the first character, and continues until it encounters a non-digit character.

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Most common data backup schemes involve both RAID and disk-to-disk-to-cloud. RAID, which stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drives into a single logical unit for the purpose of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.

RAID provides fault tolerance by allowing data to be mirrored across multiple drives so that if one drive fails, the data can still be accessed from the remaining drives.Disk-to-disk-to-cloud backup, on the other hand, involves creating a backup of data on a local disk, which is then copied to another disk located offsite, such as in the cloud. This provides an additional layer of protection against data loss due to physical disasters, theft, or other unforeseen events. The cloud backup also allows for easy access to the data from anywhere in the world.While RAID and disk-to-disk-to-cloud backup are the most common data backup schemes, there are other backup solutions available, such as tape backup and hybrid backup solutions that combine different types of backup methods. It is important to choose the backup solution that best fits your organization's needs based on factors such as data volume, recovery time objectives, and budget.

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False. While corporate data analysis projects can certainly be driven by a chief analyst, they are not necessarily solo projects.

In fact, many data analysis projects require collaboration among team members with diverse skill sets and perspectives. For example, a data analysis project focused on improving customer experience may require input from marketing, sales, and customer service departments, as well as data scientists and analysts. Each team member can bring unique insights and expertise to the project, resulting in a more well-rounded and effective solution. Furthermore, the size and complexity of data analysis projects often require a team approach. The larger the dataset and the more complex the analysis, the more resources and personnel are needed to ensure accuracy and completeness. In summary, while a chief analyst may lead a corporate data analysis project, it is rarely a solo endeavor. Collaboration and team effort are often necessary to achieve the best results.

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To change the movie year for movie number 1245 to 2006 using SQL, you can use the UPDATE statement. The SQL command would look like this:

UPDATE movies

SET year = 2006

WHERE movie_number = 1245;

This command updates the "year" column of the "movies" table to 2006 where the "movie_number" is 1245. The UPDATE statement modifies the existing data in the table, and the WHERE clause specifies the condition that must be met for the update to take place.

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Device drivers are the type of software that interacts with device controllers via hardware registers and flags.

Device drivers are software components that facilitate communication between the operating system (OS) and specific hardware devices. They serve as intermediaries between the OS kernel and device controllers, allowing the OS to interact with the hardware. Device drivers are responsible for handling low-level operations and translating higher-level commands from the OS into instructions that can be understood by the device controllers. They directly interact with hardware registers and flags, which are special memory locations or control registers in the hardware device.

By accessing these hardware registers and flags, device drivers can configure and control various aspects of the hardware device, such as input/output operations, interrupts, power management, and other device-specific functionalities. They enable the OS to send commands, receive data, and monitor the status of the hardware device. The registry editor, on the other hand, is a tool or utility that allows users to view and modify settings stored in the Windows Registry, which is a centralized database that stores configuration information for the Windows operating system. It is not directly involved in interacting with device controllers or hardware registers.

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Dijkstra's algorithm is a well-known algorithm used to find the shortest path between a source node and all other nodes in a weighted graph. However, to find the count of the number of different minimum paths from a source vertex to a destination vertex, we need to modify the algorithm slightly.

To modify Dijkstra's algorithm to produce a count of the number of different minimum paths from v to w and find the path with the fewest number of edges, we can use the following steps:

Initialize an array called "count" with all values set to 0. This array will store the count of different minimum paths to each vertex from the source vertex.

Initialize an array called "prev" with all values set to -1. This array will store the previous vertex in the path to each vertex from the source vertex.

Initialize a priority queue (min-heap) called "pq" and insert the source vertex with distance 0.

While the priority queue is not empty, do the following:

a. Extract the vertex u with the smallest distance from the priority queue.

b. For each neighbor v of u, do the following:

i. Calculate the distance from the source vertex to v through u as the sum of the distance from the source vertex to u and the weight of the edge (u, v).

ii. If the calculated distance is less than the current distance to v, update the distance to v to the calculated distance, update the count of minimum paths to v to the count of minimum paths to u, and set the previous vertex of v to u.

iii. If the calculated distance is equal to the current distance to v, update the count of minimum paths to v by adding the count of minimum paths to u.

iv. Insert v into the priority queue with the updated distance.

After the algorithm has finished running, we can obtain the number of different minimum paths from the source vertex to a destination vertex by looking up its count value in the "count" array.

To find the path with the fewest number of edges, we can use a modified version of the backtracking function. We start at the destination vertex and keep following the previous vertex until we reach the source vertex. We can store the path in a list and then reverse it to get the path in the correct order.

If there are multiple paths with the same minimum distance, we can use the modified backtracking function to find the path with the fewest number of edges.

By modifying Dijkstra's algorithm as described above, we can obtain the count of the number of different minimum paths from v to w and the path with the fewest number of edges if there is more than one minimum path.

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The first major step in a typical control process is setting standards.

Setting standards involves establishing performance expectations and benchmarks against which actual performance will be evaluated. These standards serve as a reference point to measure and assess performance. Once the standards are set, the control process can proceed with measuring performance, comparing it with the established standards, and taking corrective action if necessary. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Setting standards.

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The syntax the data analyst is using to sort the spreadsheet range between cells D5 and M5 in descending order by the third column (Column F) is typically achieved through the use of spreadsheet software functions or methods. While the specific syntax may vary depending on the software being used, the general approach is as follows:

1. Identify the range to be sorted: In this case, the range is between cells D5 and M5.

2. Specify the sorting criteria: The analyst wants to sort the range in descending order based on the values in the third column (Column F).

3. Use the appropriate sorting function or method: This may involve utilizing built-in functions or methods provided by the spreadsheet software. For example, in Microsoft Excel, the syntax for sorting a range in descending order by a specific column would be:

  `Range("D5:M5").Sort Key1:=Range("F5"), Order1:=xlDescending, Header:=xlNo`

  In this syntax, `Range("D5:M5")` specifies the range to be sorted, `Range("F5")` indicates the column to sort by, and `xlDescending` specifies the descending order. The `Header:=xlNo` argument indicates that the range does not have a header row.

By using the appropriate syntax and functions provided by the spreadsheet software, the data analyst can successfully sort the specified range in descending order based on the values in the third column.

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The statements that are equivalent to the given if statements are:

1. if (pay >= 500) {

    tax_rate = 0.3;

  }

2. if (pay >= 300 && pay < 500) {

    tax_rate = 0.2;

  }

The provided if statements can be rewritten using alternative expressions that convey the same conditions and outcomes. In the first statement, if the pay is equal to or greater than 500, the tax_rate is set to 0.3.

The second statement introduces an additional condition by using the logical operator "&&" (AND) to check if the pay is also less than 500. In this case, the tax_rate is set to 0.2. Both statements offer different tax rates based on specific pay ranges. By understanding these alternative expressions, developers can choose the statement that best suits their programming needs.

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The final answer is that there are 2 terms and 4 literals in the expression f = abc' ab'c'. To determine the number of terms and literals in the expression f = abc' ab'c', we need to first understand what these terms mean in Boolean algebra.

A term in Boolean algebra is a product of literals, where a literal is either a variable or its negation (represented by a prime symbol). So, for example, the term abc' represents the product of the variables a, b, and the negation of c.

In the expression f = abc' ab'c', we have two terms: abc' and ab'c'. Each term has three literals (a, b, and c or c'), for a total of six literals in both terms combined. However, we need to be careful not to count the overlapping literals twice.

The overlapping literals in this expression are simply the variables a and b, which appear in both terms. Therefore, we can subtract two from the total count of literals to get the correct answer.

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In the case of the financial services company, the challenge is to integrate multiple systems for customer account data while still accommodating the different operating requirements of each line of business. The solution criteria should include the ability to consolidate all customer data into one system, while still allowing for flexibility in accommodating different operating requirements.

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Scenario 1: Integration Strategy for Financial Services Company

Challenges:

Integration of customer account data from multiple systems into one data warehouse

Diverse operating requirements for different lines of business

Consolidation of data within a year

Evaluation, selection, and implementation of CRM application within two years

SOA implementation in the future

Criteria for Solutions:

The solution should provide seamless integration of customer account data from multiple systems

The solution should be flexible enough to accommodate the diverse operating requirements of different lines of business

The solution should be scalable and able to consolidate data within a year

The solution should have the capability to evaluate, select, and implement a CRM application within two years

The solution should have the potential for SOA implementation in the future

The solution should have the ability to provide data governance and data quality management

Scenario 2: Integration Strategy for Bank

Challenges:

Migration from old mainframe IMS-based proprietary application to new UNIX DB2-based application

Critical reporting interfaces to old application cannot all be rebuilt within a year

Recommendation to have the new application become the "master" and feed information back to the IMS "slave" application, which will then feed the reporting interfaces

Criteria for Solutions:

The solution should provide seamless migration from old mainframe IMS-based proprietary application to new UNIX DB2-based application

The solution should have the capability to provide data integration and synchronization between the old and new applications

The solution should be scalable and able to accommodate critical reporting interfaces

The solution should have the ability to provide data governance and data quality management

Scenario 3: Integration Strategy for Company A

Challenges:

Lack of network connectivity between Company A and regional distributors

Regional distributors maintain inventory and stock local stores

Different regions have different seasons, leading to inventory management challenges

Need to help regional distributors share inventory information and request inventory from other regions

Need to provide a more accurate picture over time of what type of apparel is needed when

Connectivity is expected to improve in the future

Criteria for Solutions:

The solution should provide a platform for regional distributors to share inventory information and request inventory from other regions

The solution should have the ability to provide accurate inventory management and forecasting

The solution should be flexible and scalable enough to accommodate different seasons and inventory requirements in different regions

The solution should have the potential for integration with future connectivity improvements

The solution should have the ability to provide data governance and data quality management.

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1. We can approach this by recursively checking if the first and last characters of the string are parentheses, and then repeating the process with the substring inside those parentheses.

2. We can approach this by iterating over the characters in the string and keeping track of the number of open parens seen so far.

For the first function, we need to check if the given string s is a nesting of zero or more pairs of parentheses.

Here's the implementation:

bool nestParen(string s) {
 if (s.empty()) { // empty string is a valid nesting
   return true;
 } else if (s.length() == 1) { // single character string can't be a nesting
   return false;
 } else if (s[0] == '(' && s[s.length() - 1] == ')') { // first and last characters are parentheses
   return nestParen(s.substr(1, s.length() - 2)); // recursive call with substring inside the parentheses
 } else { // first and last characters are not parentheses
   return false;
 }
}

For the second function, we need to check if there is a closing paren for every opening paren, and if all closing parens have a matching opening paren.

Here's the implementation:

bool balancedParens(string s) {
 int openParens = 0;
 for (char c : s) {
   if (c == '(') {
     openParens++;
   } else if (c == ')') {
     if (openParens == 0) { // no open parens to match with
       return false;
     }
     openParens--;
   }
 }
 return openParens == 0; // all open parens have been matched
}

If we encounter a closing paren when there are no open parens, or if we finish iterating over the string and there are still open parens, then the string is not balanced.

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The type of DNS record that holds information such as "2001:4860:4860:8888" is an AAAA (pronounced "quad-A") record.

A DNS record is a structured entry in a DNS database that contains information about a specific domain or hostname. It maps domain names to their corresponding IP addresses or other resource records, such as MX (mail exchange) records for email routing. DNS records include A records for IPv4 addresses, AAAA records for IPv6 addresses, CNAME records for aliasing, TXT records for text information, and more, enabling proper network communication and service discovery on the internet.

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The guideline stating that if an update transaction needs to lock multiple rows in the same table, the entire table must be locked is called Table-level locking.

When dealing with concurrent updates Table-level locking is a guideline for writing programs in a PC-based DBMS (Database Management System) . It states that if an update transaction needs to lock multiple rows in the same table, the entire table must be locked.

This approach ensures data consistency and prevents conflicts that may arise from concurrent access and modifications.

By locking the entire table, no other transactions can read or modify any row within that table until the updating transaction is complete.

This prevents any inconsistencies that may occur due to partial updates or conflicts between concurrent transactions modifying the same table.

However, it is important to note that table-level locking can have implications on system performance, especially in scenarios where there is high concurrency and frequent updates.

It may lead to increased contention and reduced scalability. Hence, it is crucial to consider the trade-offs between data consistency and system performance when applying this guideline.

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"If you apply formatting to a text box, you can set that formatting to be the default for new text boxes that you create in the presentation" is true.
1. Format the text box according to your preferences (font, size, color, etc.).
2. Right-click on the formatted text box.
3. Select "Set as Default Text Box" from the context menu.
Now, any new text boxes you create in the presentation will have the same formatting as the one you set as the default.

Formatting a computer means completely erasing (formatting) the hard drive and reinstalling the operating system and all other applications and files. All of your data on the hard disk will be lost, so you will need to back it up to an External HD, DVD, flashdrive or another computer.

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The rotary table is mounted on the mill table and fastened with T-slot hardware.

Calculate the value generated by the model on the test data using a metric such as MSE or R-squared.

Assuming that after evaluating the model on the test data, we obtain an MSE of 0.05 and an R-squared value of 0.95.

Therefore, the value generated by the model on the test data is:

MSE = 0.05

R-squared = 0.95

Explain the meaning of the value generated by the model.

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To avoid import restrictions on media buys, it is a good strategy for US companies to:

Invest in local production: By establishing local production facilities or partnering with local media companies, US companies can create content or advertising materials within the target market. This approach allows them to bypass import restrictions and ensures compliance with local regulations.

Form strategic alliances: Collaborating with local media companies or advertising agencies can provide US companies with valuable insights and guidance regarding media buying in the target market. By leveraging the expertise and networks of local partners, they can navigate import restrictions and ensure effective media placements.

Utilize digital platforms: In the digital age, companies can leverage online platforms and digital advertising channels to reach their target audience without the need for physical media imports. Investing in digital marketing strategies, such as social media advertising or targeted online campaigns, can help US companies bypass import restrictions and reach their desired audience directly.

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English statements can be translated into logical expressions using predicates. Predicates are functions that describe the relationship between elements in a domain. In this case, the domain of x is all people and the domain of y is all sports. The predicate P(x, y) represents the statement "person x likes to play sport y."

a. To express that Bob likes to play every sport he likes to watch, we can use a universal quantifier to say that for all sports y that Bob likes to watch, he also likes to play them. This can be written as: ∀y (P(Bob, y) → P(Bob, y))

b. To express that everybody likes to play at least one sport, we can use an existential quantifier to say that there exists a sport y that every person x likes to play. This can be written as: ∀x ∃y P(x, y)

c. To express that except Alice, no one likes to watch volleyball, we can use a negation and a universal quantifier to say that for all people x, if x is not Alice, then x does not like to watch volleyball. This can be written as: ∀x (x ≠ Alice → ¬P(x, volleyball))

d. To express that no one likes to watch all the sports they like to play, we can use a negation and an implication to say that for all people x and sports y, if x likes to play y, then x does not like to watch all the sports they like to play. This can be written as: ∀x ∀y (P(x, y) → ¬∀z (P(x, z) → P(x, y)))

Overall, predicates are useful tools to translate English statements into logical expressions. By using quantifiers, we can express statements about the relationships between elements in a domain.

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The diffList() function is called with the list as a parameter, and the resulting difference of negative values is printed to the console.

Here's the updated code:

```python
import random

def buildList(num1, num2):
   for i in range(num2):
       num1.append(random.randint(100, 199))
   return num1

def diffList(lst):
   negative_sum = 0
   for num in lst:
       negative_sum += (-1 * num)
   return negative_sum

x = int(input("How many values to add to the list: "))
list = []
buildList(list , x)
print(list)

negative_total = diffList(list)
print("Total", negative_total)
```In this updated code, I added the new function `diffList`, which takes a list as input, calculates the sum of the negative values of the list, and returns the result. After generating the list using `buildList`, I called the `diffList` function and printed the result as "Total".

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Firewalls are network security devices that can block IP traffic based on the filtering criteria configured by an information systems security practitioner.

Firewalls are network security devices that can block IP traffic based on the filtering criteria configured by an information systems security practitioner.

Firewalls examine network packets and apply rules to determine whether to allow or block the traffic.

They can filter based on various criteria such as source IP address, destination IP address, port numbers, protocol types, and specific keywords or patterns in the packet contents.

By setting up appropriate rules, firewalls can enforce security policies, prevent unauthorized access, and protect against network threats by selectively allowing or denying IP traffic based on the practitioner's configuration.

Learn more about IP traffic

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