Carbon and Oxygen form compounds called carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and form a CO3-2 ion called carbonate.
Its structure is a trigonal planar arrangement of three oxygen atoms surrounding a carbon atom. As seen here, the carbonate ion's Lewis structure contains two single bonds to the neutral oxygen atom and two double bonds to the negative oxygen atom. Using Carbonate, In washing detergents, carbonates like potassium and sodium carbonates are used, water softening method, utilised as raw materials to create papers, used in the production of glass. Carbonate, with the chemical formula CO32-, is a salt of carbonic acid. Alkali and alkaline earth metals make up the majority of the elements required to make carbonates.
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experiment 1: where did the extra mass come from? (hint: the final product is magnesium oxide.)
The extra weight comes from the changing of magnesium to magnesium oxide. Oxygen adds extra weight.
On burning or oxidation of Magnesium, It reacts with the excess oxygen present in the atmosphere to form magnesium oxide. It is an exothermic reaction.
[tex]Mg(solid) + O_{2} (gas)[/tex] ⇒ [tex]MgO[/tex](solid)
Magnesium oxide is white ash. In reaction with water, it forms magnesium hydroxide which is called milk of magnesia. It is used to treat indigestion.
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Answer: The extra weight comes from the changing of magnesium to magnesium oxide. Oxygen adds extra weight. On burning or oxidation of Magnesium, It reacts with the excess oxygen present in the atmosphere to form magnesium oxide. It is an exothermic reaction.
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which of the following thermodynamic values describes an exergonic reaction? ∆g = - 43 kcal/mol ∆s = - 5 cal/mol*k ∆h = 10 kcal/mol ∆g = 27 kcal/mol
An exergonic reaction is characterized by a negative Gibbs free energy change (∆G). Therefore, the value that describes an exergonic reaction is ∆G = - 43 kcal/mol.
Exergonic reactions are those in which the Gibbs free energy drops and energy is released as heat, light, or work. In an exergonic reaction, the value of G is negative, indicating that the reactants possess more free energy than the products. The reaction is referred to as spontaneous when G is negative and can take place without the use of external energy.
The Gibbs free energy rises and the G value is positive, in contrast, in endergonic reactions. In order for these reactions to take place, energy from the environment must be added.
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a 0.02 m solution of lactic acid (pka = 3.86) is mixed with an equal volume of a 0.05 m solution of sodium lactate. what is the ph of the final solution?
A 0.02 M solution of the lactic acid (pka = 3.86) is mixed with an equal volume of the 0.05 M solution of sodium lactate. The pH of the final solution is 4.25.
The Henderson- Hasselbalch equation for pH of the buffer solution as follows :
pH = pKa+log[base]/[acid]
Where ,
Ka = the dissociation constant of the acid.
pKa = 3.86
The concentration of acid = [acid] = 0.02 M
The concentration of base = [base] = 0.05 M
pH = 3.86 + log(0.05/0.02)
pH = 3.86 + log 2.5
pH = 3.86 + 0.39
pH = 4.25
Thus , the pH is 4.25.
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a student mixes 10.0ml sample of 1.0m naoh with a 10.0 ml sample of 1.0m hcl in a polystyrene container. the temperature of the solutiosn before mixing was 20.0 c. if the final temperature of the mixture is 26.0 c, what is the experimental value of
The experimental value of the reaction could be calculated by determining the heat of reaction or the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the reaction and was found to be -502.72 J
The experimental value of the reaction can be calculated by determining the heat of reaction or the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). ΔH is defined as the change in heat energy that occurs when a reaction takes place. In this case, the reaction between NaOH and HCl is an exothermic reaction, meaning it releases heat. The experimental value of ΔH can be calculated using the equation:
Enthalpy change, ΔH = (mass of solution) x (specific heat capacity of solution) x (change in temperature)
Given that the reaction involves 10.0 mL of each solution and the change in temperature is 26.0°C - 20.0°C = 6.0°C, the experimental value of ΔH can be calculated as:
Enthalpy change, ΔH = (20.0 mL) x (4.18 J/g°C) x (6.0°C) = 502.72 J
Note: The specific heat capacity of water (4.18 J/g°C) was used as an approximation for the specific heat capacity of the solution.
Therefore, the experimental value of the reaction is -502.72 J, indicating that the reaction releases heat energy.
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give a systematic name for the following formula: [cr(nh3)6][cr(cn)6]
So, the complex compound's IUPAC name will be hexaamminechromium (III) trioxalatocobaltate (III)
What is the [CO NH3 6 Cr CN 6] compound's coordination isomer?Which sort of isomerism is represented by the comlexes [Co(NH 3) 6] [Cr(CN) 6] and [Cr(NH 3) 6] [Cr(CN) 6]? Solution: The coordination compound displays coordination isomerims when both the cation and anion are complex ions. The instances provided are thus examples of coordination isomerism.
Does Cr NH3 6 Co CN 6 constitute a Coordination Complex compound?The complexes [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6] and [Cr(NH3)6][Co(CN)6] are instances of coordination isomerism. Only in complexes where both the cation and the anion are complexes does this isomerism occur. A ligand exchange between a cation and an anion is what causes it to happen.
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What is the minimum number of grams of CO require
produce 88 grams of CO2?
A) 28 g
B) 88 g
C) 64 g
D) 56 g
Answer:
The minimum number of grams of CO require
produce 88 grams of CO2 is 64 g.
what is the osmolarity of a solution with a total volume of 2.5 liters is composed of 31.4 grams of na2s in water
a. Molarity of this solution?
b. Osmolarity of the solution c. The % mass/volume of this solution?
a. Molarity: 0.512 M
b. Osmolarity: 1.024 Osm
c. % mass/volume: 0.69 %
a. Molarity: Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute (salt, in this case) in a solution, expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution. To find the molarity, we need to divide the number of moles of solute (Na2S) by the volume of solution (2.5 liters):
moles of solute = 31.4 g / (mol weight of Na2S) = 31.4 g / 142.1 g/mol = 0.22 moles
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution = 0.22 moles / 2.5 liters = 0.512 M
b. Osmolarity: Osmolarity is a measure of the total concentration of solutes in a solution. It considers the number of particles that are produced when the solute dissociates in solution. In this case, Na2S dissociates into 2 sodium ions (Na+) and 1 sulfide ion (S2-), so the osmolarity of the solution is 2 times the molarity:
Osmolarity = 2 x Molarity = 2 x 0.512 M = 1.024 Osm
c. % mass/volume: This is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, expressed as the mass of solute in grams per 100 ml of solution. To find the % mass/volume, we need to divide the mass of solute (31.4 g) by the volume of solution (2.5 liters) and multiply by 100:
% mass/volume = (mass of solute / volume of solution) x 100 = (31.4 g / 2.5 L) x 100 = 1,256 g/L x 100 = 126,560 g/L = 126.56 g/L = 0.69 %
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What would happen if a TLC plate was placed In a jar where the solvent level was above the level of the origin (sample spot)? What could you do if you inadvertently spotted your plate too low (aside from consulting your TA)?
If a TLC plate is placed in a jar where the solvent level is above the level of the origin (sample spot), the solvent will reach and dissolve the sample before it has a chance to form a spot. This can cause the sample to spread out and interfere with the accuracy of the results.
If you inadvertently spotted your TLC plate too low, one solution would be to let the solvent front reach the bottom of the plate, let the solvent evaporate, and then re-develop the plate with fresh solvent. This will help to avoid any interference from previous runs and ensure accurate results. Another solution would be to scrape off the low spots and re-spot the sample higher up on the plate. It's also a good practice to make a note of the error in your lab notes so that you can take it into account when interpreting your results
A TLC plate, or Thin Layer Chromatography plate, is a type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry to separate and identify components in a mixture. It consists of a solid substrate, usually made of glass, plastic, or aluminum, coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or aluminum oxide
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Glycolysis group of answer choices a)does not require o2 to generate energy. b)requires o2 to generate energy. c)is inhibited by o2. d)rate is increased in the presence of o2.?
Glycolysis is the process ,the correct option is a)does not require O₂ to generate energy.
The initially process start with the breaking down of the glucose to release energy for the cell metabolism is known as glycolysis. The energy consuming phase and the energy releasing phase make up the glycolysis. One 6 carbon glucose molecule will undergoes the glycolysis process in the cytoplasm, where it will oxidized to produce the two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules. The Glycolysis is the linear metabolic pathway of the enzyme catalyzed reactions.
Thus the glycolysis is the process that does not require O₂ to generate energy.
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Explain why iron from the blast furnace is harder than pure iron .
Iron produced in a blast furnace is harder than pure iron due to the presence of impurities and the way it is produced.
What happens in a blast furnace?In a blast furnace, iron ore is reduced to iron using coke as a reducing agent and a source of carbon. The high temperatures involved in this process result in the formation of a cast iron product that contains carbon and other impurities in the form of carbides and other compounds.
The presence of carbon and other impurities in the iron makes it harder and stronger than pure iron, which is relatively soft and ductile. The carbides formed during the reduction process act as tiny cutting edges, strengthening the iron and increasing its hardness.
This hardened iron is then melted and poured into molds to form pig iron, which can then be further processed to remove impurities and refine its properties. The end result is a stronger and harder iron product that is better suited for various applications, such as construction or manufacturing.
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draw the major organic product(s) you would expect from the reaction of the alkyl halide below with na -sch3.
The product you would expect from the reaction of the given alkyl halide with (1) Na+− SCH3 is given as: (2) Na+− OH (green = Cl).
Describe alkyl halides with an example.
In essence, an alkyl halide has a halogen atom linked to a carbon atom that has undergone sp3 hybridization. Ethyl chloride CH3CH2Cl, propyl bromide CH3CH2CH2Br, etc. are examples of alkyl halides. Alkyl halides, which are found in your blood and react to injury or disease, can be divided into three main groups: primary (1), secondary (2), and tertiary (3).
How is an alkyl halide defined?
Haloalkanes are another name for alkyl halides. Alkyl halides are substances in which halogen atoms have taken the place of one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine).
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which one of the following is true of trnas? a. each trna binds specific amino acid b. trnas are double stranded c. trnas have special sequences called codons d. there are four types of trnas
Statement (a) each tRNA binds specific amino acid is true.
tRNA stands for transfer RNA, and it plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a protein. Each tRNA molecule is specifically designed to bind with one specific amino acid, and it has a specific anticodon sequence that allows it to recognize and bind with a specific codon in the messenger RNA (mRNA). This ensures that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing protein chain in the correct order.
b. trnas are double stranded is false.
tRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule.
c. trnas have special sequences called codons is false.
tRNA molecules have anticodons, not codons.
d. there are four types of trnas is false.
There are many different types of tRNA molecules, each of which is specific to a particular amino acid. It is estimated that there are about 20-30 different types of tRNA molecules in a typical eukaryotic cell, depending on the organism.
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where there is a double bond between the carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms single bonded to each carbon, what type of orbitals overlap to form the pi bond between the two carbon atoms?
the two carbon atoms' orbitals overlap to create a pi bond. Part A: sp2 and sp2, Part B : p and p.
What are the atoms that make up carbon?A carbon atom's nucleus consists of six protons & six neutrons and is surrounded by six electrons.The first valence electron must fill the inner atomic orbital in accordance with quantum physics, whereas the vibrations of the next four electrons just partially cover the second standards & third main orbitals.
Why does the carbon atom matter so much?Without carbon, life on earth will not be conceivable.This is partly because carbon can easily make bonds to other atoms, allowing biomolecules like DNA and RNA, that are crucial for the development and replication that characterize life, to take on a variety of shapes and functions.
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Name the following compound: 2-ethyl-4-methylheptene 3,5-dimethyl-2-octene 2-ethyl-4-methylheptane 3-methyl-5-propyl-2-hexene
3,5-dimethyl-2-octene
Describe the structure of 3,5-dimethyl-2-octene?Based on which parent chain has the largest value, it will be selected. If we count in this instance from top to bottom, we'll receive seven carbons, but if we start counting from the second carbon and go left and then down, we'll get eight carbons. Thus, octane is the parent chain. The methyl groups are found on carbons 3 and 5, whereas the double bond is situated at the second carbon. Since there are two methyl groups present, we prefix methyl with di- to denote the presence of two methyl groups.The functional group must be given priority and must be included in the parent chain. The double bond serves as the functional group in this instance. (alkene)
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According to the question the compound name is 3,5-dimethyl-2-octene
Describe the structure of 3,5-dimethyl-2-octene?Based on which parent chain has the largest value, it will be selected. If we count in this instance from top to bottom, we'll receive seven carbons, but if we start counting from the second carbon and go left and then down, we'll get eight carbons. Thus, octane is the parent chain. The methyl groups are found on carbons 3 and 5, whereas the double bond is situated at the second carbon. Since there are two methyl groups present, we prefix methyl with di- to denote the presence of two methyl groups. The functional group must be given priority and must be included in the parent chain. The double bond serves as the functional group in this instance. (alkene)
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How do large bodies of water exchange thermal energy with air masses and nearby land?
Answer: When water molecules are heated up, they exchange freely with the air in a process called evaporation.
Explanation:
The ocean water is constantly evaporating, increasing the temperature and humidity of the surronding air to form rain and storms that are then carried by trade winds. hope this helps<3
The electron configuration for magnesium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2. What is the distribution of electrons in the electron shells of a magnesium atom?
The electron distribution in the electron shells of the magnesium atom is given as: 2, 8 , 2 when the electron configuration for magnesium is 1[tex]x^{2}[/tex]
2[tex]s^{2}[/tex] 2p[tex]p^{6}[/tex] 3[tex]s^{2}[/tex].
How the disrtibution of electrons happens for magnesium?
Electron distribution in a Magnesium atom's electron shells:
The electron configuration of magnesium is given by the number of electrons in the magnesium atom, which is 12 electrons.The first two electrons have been introduced into the orbital, which can hold two electrons.The further two electrons moves on to the 2s orbitals of magnesium.The following six electrons will enter an 2p orbital that can hold up to six electrons.The remaining two electrons can then be placed in the 3s subshell.As a result, the electron distribution in the electron shells of the magnesium atom is given as: 2, 8, 2.
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Which of the following statements about effective nuclear charge for the outermost valence electron of an atom is incorrect? (i) The effective nuclear charge can be thought of as the true nuclear charge minus a screening constant due to the other electrons in the atom. (ii) Effective nuclear charge increases going left to right across a row of the periodic table. (iii) Valence electrons screen the nuclear charge more effectively than do core electrons. (iv) The effective nuclear charge shows a sudden decrease when we go from the end of one row to the beginning of the next row of the periodic table. (v) The change in effective nuclear charge going down a column of the periodic table is generally less than that going across a row of the periodic table.
The effective nuclear charge shows a sudden decrease when we go from the end of one row to the beginning of the next row of the periodic table. is incorrect.
define nuclear charge ?
Nuclear charge is the total positive charge of the nucleus of an atom, which is due to the presence of protons. The nuclear charge of an atom determines the atom's atomic number and plays a significant role in determining its chemical properties, such as its electron configuration, reactivity, and electron affinity. The effective nuclear charge, on the other hand, takes into account the presence of inner shell electrons, which can shield the valence electrons from the full impact of the nuclear charge.
(iv) The effective nuclear charge shows a sudden decrease when we go from the end of one row to the beginning of the next row of the periodic table. is incorrect. The effective nuclear charge generally increases as we go from one end of a row to the other end of the same row in the periodic table, but the change in effective nuclear charge from one row to the next row is not necessarily sudden and can be more gradual.
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What is the concentration of a solution made by diluting 5mL of a 0.250m stock is to a volume of 30mL
Answer: 0.04167m
Explanation:
By using M1V1=M2V2
Let M1 = 0.250m
M2 = x
V1 = 5mL
V2 =30mL
(0.250)(5) = (M2)(30)
M2 = 0.04167m
what condition is necessary for an electric charge to have a magnetic field around it?
The condition is necessary for an electric charge to have the magnetic field around it is that it must be moving.
A magnetic field will be created when an electric charge must be moving. When an electric current passes through the wire , the circular magnetic field is created around it. The Magnetic fields can be exert the force on an electric charge, when it is moving, only a moving charge will generates a magnetic field. A magnetic field is type of field that explains the magnetic effect on the moving charges, the magnetic materials and the electric currents.
Thus, when the electric charge is moving it will generates the magnetic field around it.
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what is the hydronium ion [h3o ] concentration of a solution with a ph of 6 ?
The hydronium io [H₃O⁺] concentration of the solution with the pH of the 6 is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M.
The pH expression is as follows :
pH = - log [H₃O⁺]
where, the pH = 6
The Potential of the hydrogen, is the scale used to define the acidity or the basicity of an aqueous solution.
By solving the value , we get :
pH = - log [H₃O⁺]
Where
The value of the pH = 6
6 = - log [H₃O⁺]
[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻⁶ M
[H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M
Thus, the hydronium ion [H₃O⁺] concentration is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M in the solution with the pH of the value 6.
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the delivery of the oligo (mrna) in pfizer and moderna
The delivery of the mRNA in Pfizer and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines uses a technology called messenger RNA (mRNA) technology.
In the case of Pfizer and Moderna, the mRNA serves as a blueprint for the body's cells to produce the spike protein found on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. The immune system then recognizes the spike protein as foreign and generates an immune response, producing antibodies against the virus.
The mRNA in the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines is delivered using a lipid nanoparticle formulation, which helps to protect the mRNA from degradation and enables it to be taken up by cells in the body.
In summary, the delivery of the mRNA in Pfizer and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines uses mRNA technology, in which the mRNA serves as a blueprint for the body's cells to produce the spike protein of the virus, and is delivered using a lipid nanoparticle formulation.
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What data will you graph to answer the question independent variable dependent variable?
You draw a graph with the variable on the y-axis and the independent variable on the x-axis to solve this problem.
What is a graph, exactly?In mathematics, a graph is a pictorial display or diagram that shows facts or quantities in an ordered way. The relationships across two or more items are frequently represented by the lines on a graph.
What functions do graphs serve?Graphs and graphs are useful visual aids when they make information accessible and easy to understand. Thus, it is not unexpected that both print and digital media employ graphs. When data is displayed as a graph rather than a table, it can often be simpler to comprehend since the graph may show a pattern or comparative.
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State four factors to be considered when selecting a site for a fishpond
Type of soil Topography. water sources When choosing a location for a fishpond, four considerations, including proximity to the homestead and accessibility, should be taken into account.
Describe what water is ?In its gaseous, liquid, and solid phases, water is a material made up of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. It is among the most common and necessary chemicals. At normal temperature, it is an odorless, tasteless liquid with the significant property of dissolving many other compounds.
Why is water essential?Ensure a constant temperature. joints with lubricant and padding. Keep you spinal cord or other delicate tissues safe. Utilize urination, sweating, and bowel motions to eliminate waste.
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The neutral atoms of all of the isotopes of the same element have:
a) different numbers of protons.
b) an equal number of neutrons.
c) the same number of electrons.
d) the same mass numbers.
e) the same masses.
The neutral atoms of all of the isotopes of the same element have:
C) the same number of electrons
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, but the same number of protons. This means that isotopes have the same atomic number, which determines the element to which they belong, but different mass numbers.
The other answers are incorrect for the following reasons.
a. This is incorrect because all atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
b. This is incorrect because isotopes of the same element have different numbers of neutrons. The definition of isotopes is atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
c. This is incorrect because the mass numbers of the different isotopes will differ. The mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Since isotopes of the same element have different numbers of neutrons, the mass numbers will differ.
d. This is incorrect because the mass of the different isotopes will differ. Neutrons have mass. Therefore, atoms that have different numbers of neutrons will have different masses.
Therefore, The neutral atoms of all of the isotopes of the same element have:
C) the same number of electrons
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think critically the mendeleev and moseley periodic charts have gaps for undiscovered elements. why do you think the chart used by moseley was more accurate at predicting where new elements would be placed?
The chart used by moseley was more accurate at predicting where new elements would be placed, because Moseley's work chart based the atomic number which is definable property, measurable through experimentation not chemical properties or atomic mass as mendeleev do.
In his periodic table, Mendeleev left some notable gaps, such as the gaps just below aluminum and silicon, which covered elements as yet to be discovered. When these elements were later discovered, the properties of the new elements were found to match Mendeleev's predictions. The main difference between Mendeleev's and Moseley's arrangement of the elements on the periodic table is that Mendeleev arranged the elements in ascending order of atomic weight, whereas Moseley arranged them in ascending order of atomic number. Moseley diagrams were based on the use of atomic numbers rather than chemical properties of the elements. The similarity of products from the same period often caused problems when creating orders. Moseley's work made it possible to change atomic number from an arbitrary choice to a definable property that can be measured through experimentation.
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three ways in which compounds differ from mixtures
Compounds always have the same fixed chemical composition. The constituent chemicals that make up a combination can vary. Homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures can exist. The only two methods that can be used to separate a compound's components are chemical and electrochemical ones.
Is heterogeneous a synonym for strange?The statement is untrue. In reality, they have different meanings and are different terms. A building is said to be heterogeneous if it has different parts or pieces that look erratic or discolored.
What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous?The overall appearance and composition of a homogenous mixture are consistent. Solutions are the term used to describe a wide variety of homogenous mixtures. There are distinct constituents or stages in a heterogeneous combination. Gas, liquid, & solid matter exist inside the 3 parts or states.
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Compounds always have the same fixed chemical composition. The constituent chemicals that make up a combination can vary. Homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures can exist. The only two methods that can be used to separate a compound's components are chemical and electrochemical ones.
Is heterogeneous a synonym for strange?
The statement is untrue. In reality, they have different meanings and are different terms. A building is said to be heterogeneous if it has different parts or pieces that look erratic or discolored.
What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous?
The overall appearance and composition of a homogenous mixture are consistent. Solutions are the term used to describe a wide variety of homogenous mixtures. There are distinct constituents or stages in a heterogeneous combination. Gas, liquid, & solid matter exist inside the 3 parts or states.
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Thus the complete question is :
What are the three ways in which compounds differ from mixtures?
how does this compare to the overall reaction for cellular respiration
The respiration of cells Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water during cellular respiration. The energy-carrying molecule ATP absorbs the reaction's produced energy (adenosine triphosphate).
What is the overall process of cellular respiration?Cells turn sugars into energy through a process called cellular respiration. Cells need fuel and an electron acceptor to power the chemical process that converts energy into usable forms, such as ATP and other forms of energy to power cellular reactions.
Therefore, Water and carbon dioxide are changed into oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis. The plant consumes glucose and produces oxygen as a by-product.Cellular respiration results in the conversion of oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide.
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What is the name of the region of the atom where the protons and neutrons are found?
The region of the atom where the protons and neutrons are found is called the nucleus.
What is proton?
Proton is a subatomic particle with a positive charge and is a part of an atom's nucleus. It is one of the main components of an atom, along with neutrons and electrons. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its chemical identity. Protons have a significant role in chemical reactions, as they are responsible for the formation of chemical bonds with other elements. Protons interact with other particles through the electromagnetic force, and their presence creates a positive charge which attracts negatively charged particles. This attraction is key for the formation of molecules and other chemical structures.
Therefore, The region of the atom where the protons and neutrons are found is called the nucleus.
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The direct transfer of phosphate between substrates is called?
The direct transfer of phosphate between substrates is called substrate-level phosphorylation.
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation: The Direct Transfer of Phosphate Between SubstratesThis type of reaction occurs when a phosphate group is transferred from a donor molecule to ADP to form ATP. This process is catalyzed by enzymes such as pyruvate kinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which use the energy from the donor molecule to facilitate the transfer.
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a key component of metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Substrate-level phosphorylation reactions are important because they generate high-energy compounds like ATP, which can be used to power cellular activities.
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What are the three types of atomic structure?
Atoms are comprised of 3 types of particles called subatomic particles: positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutrons, which have no charge
1. Nucleus: The center of the atom, composed of protons and neutrons.
2. Electron Shells: The outermost region of an atom, made up of electrons orbiting the nucleus.
3. Electron Cloud: A fuzzy region surrounding the nucleus, where the electrons are likely to be found.
What is neutron?
Neutron is an uncharged subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a mass slightly greater than that of a proton and is one of the two main constituents of the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons are important in nuclear chemistry, as they are responsible for the stability of the nucleus and the binding of protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.
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