C4H4N2 lewis structure and formal charges minimized

The proper explanations to the observation are;

A redox reaction is one in which a specie is oxidized while the other specie is reduced. In the first observation, the color of the solution turned blue and in the second observation, shiny hair like crystals deposited on the copper strip.

Hence;

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The freezing point of the sucrose solution is -0.435°C.

The freezing point of the solution is determined from the freezing point depression formula below:

Kf(H₂O) = 1.86 Cm

m is molality of solution = moles of solute/mass of solvent

moles of sucrose = 8.0/342.3 = 0.0233 moles

m = 0.0233/0.1 = 0.233 molal

ΔT = 0.233 m * 1.86°C/m.

ΔT = 0.435 °C.

Freezing point of sucrose solution = 0°C - 0.435°C

Freezing point of sucrose solution  = -0.435°C.

In conclusion, the freezing point of sucrose solution is determined from the freezing point depression.

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The mass of melted gold to release the energy would be  3, 688. 8 Kg

The formula for quantity of energy is given thus;

Q = n × HF

Where n represents number of moles

HF  represents  heat of fusion

To find the number of moles, we have

235.0 = n × 12.550

number of moles = [tex]\frac{235}{12. 550}[/tex] = 18. 725 moles

Note that molar mass of Gold is 197g/ mol

Let's note that;

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 18. 725 × 197

Mass = 3, 688. 8 Kg

Thus, the mass of melted gold to release the energy would be  3, 688. 8 Kg

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Answer:

1.) Yes, Cs₂S

2.) Yes, MgF₂

3.) Yes, MgS

4.) No

Explanation:

Nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table in the p-block. It is safe to assume that all the other elements are metals.

Ionic bonds form between a metal and nonmetal. When determining the empirical formula, the cation (the element losing electrons) is written before the anion (the element gaining electrons). The charges can be balanced by modifying the quantity of element.

1.) Cs₂S

  -----> Cesium = metal and Sulfur = nonmetal

  -----> Cesium = Cs⁺

  -----> Sulfur = S²⁻

2.) MgF₂

  -----> Magnesium = metal and Fluorine = nonmetal

  -----> Magnesium = Mg²⁺

  -----> Fluorine = F⁻

3.) MgS

  -----> Magnesium = metal and Sulfur = nonmetal

  -----> Magnesium = Mg²⁺

  -----> Sulfur = S²⁻

4.) Both cesium and strontium are metals

The periodic trend is very useful because it helps is understand the properties and reactivities of elements in chemical reactions

Some examples of periodic trends are:

Ionization energy can simply be defined as that energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom of an element in a gaseous state to form a gaseous ions l

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According to the research, the correct option is 3, Igneous rocks are those formed from a molten product from volcanic activity.

They are rocks of high resistance, isotropy, brittleness and density that are created from the cooling and solidification of the magma, whether fragmented or compact, that form at erupting volcanoes, that is, this substance, made up of molten rocks and other elements, is found inside the planet.

When the cooling process takes place superficially and quickly, extrusive igneous rocks are produced, among which are obsidian and basalt, they usually appear after the eruption of a volcano, since the ejected lava solidifies.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is 3, Igneous rocks are those formed from a molten product from volcanic activity.

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Considering the definition of percentage by mass, the mass percentage of CaCO₃ is 68.59%.

The percentage by mass expresses the concentration and indicates the amount of mass of solute present in 100 grams of solution.

In other words, the percentage by mass of a component of the solution is defined as the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.

The percentage by mass is calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution, the result of which is multiplied by 100 to give a percentage. This is:

[tex]mass percentage=\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution}x100[/tex]

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of mass percentage:

[tex]mass percentage=\frac{2.62 grams}{3.82 grams}x100[/tex]

mass percentage= 68.59 %

Finally, the mass percentage of CaCO₃ is 68.59%.

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The labelled diagram of Daniell cell is as shown below

The half-reactions of oxidation and reduction taking place on electrodes are shown:

Oxidation at anode: Zn(s)→Zn 2+(aq)+2e −

Reduction at cathode: Cu 2+ (aq)+2e − →Cu(s)

A Daniell cell is the best model of a galvanic cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The Daniell cell consists of two electrodes of different metals, Zn and Cu; each electrode is in communication with a solution of its own ion; Zinc sulphate and copper sulphate respectively.

The key difference between Daniell cell and galvanic cell is that Daniell cell operates only copper and zinc as electrodes whereas a galvanic cell can have a mixture of metals as electrodes.

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The theoretical yield of the CO2 produced is 4.22 g.

The balanced reaction equation is;

2C2H3Cl + 5O2 ------>2CO2 + 2H2O + 2HCl

Number of moles of  vinyl chloride =  9.10g /62 g/mol = 0.15 moles

Number of moles of oxygen = 7.80g/32 g/mol = 0.24 moles

Now;

2 moles of C2H3Cl reacts with 5 moles of oxygen

0.15 moles of C2H3Cl reacts with 0.15 moles * 5 moles / 2 moles

= 0.375 moles

Hence oxygen is the limiting reactant;

5 moles of oxygen produces 2 moles of CO2

0.24 moles of oxygen produces 0.24 moles * 2 moles /5 moles

= 0.096 moles

Mass of CO2 produced = 0.096 moles * 44 g/mol

= 4.22 g

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Reasoning includes one or more scientific principles in this context.

This involves the thought about something in a sensible and logical manner due to one or more scientific principles being applied.

It is very important to the claim and evidence as it helps ascertain their validity in science.

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The name of Pb(NO3)2 of is Lead II trioxonitrate V

The bond which exist in is Lead II trioxonitrate V ( Pb(NO3)2 ) are both ionic and covalent bond

A compound is a substance which contains two or more elements chemically combined together

So therefore, the name of Pb(NO3)2 of is Lead II trioxonitrate V

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The equation that conforms with the particle model is 4C + 6O2 ----> 4CO2 + 2O2.

The term chemical reaction has to do with the combination of substances to give products. We know that reactants and products must follow the law of conservation of mass.

Hence, the equation that conforms with the particle model is 4C + 6O2 ----> 4CO2 + 2O2.

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Answer:

H₂(g) = oxidized

N₂(g) = reduced

Explanation:

Oxidized substances lose electrons and increase in oxidation number. Reduced substances gain electrons and decrease in oxidation number.

Lone elements always have an oxidation number of 0. So, N₂(g) and H₂(g) have oxidation numbers of 0.

Within compounds, hydrogen generally always have an oxidation of +1. Therefore, the hydrogen in NH₃(g) has an oxidation number of +1. In order to make the overall compound neutral, the nitrogen in NH₃(g) must have an oxidation number of -3 (to balance the +3 from the 3 hydrogens).

Since H₂(s) is losing electrons (goes from 0 to +1), it is being oxidized. Since N₂(g) is gaining electrons (goes from 0 to -3), it is being reduced.

Answer:

1.17 moles H₂SO₄

Explanation:

To find the moles H₂SO₄, you need to multiply the given value by the mole-to-mole ratio. This ratio is made up of the coefficients of the relevant molecules from the balanced chemical equation. It is important to arrange the ratio in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.

S + 6 HNO₃ ------> 1 H₂SO₄ + 6 NO₂ + 2 H₂O
     ^                      ^

7 moles HNO₃          1 mole H₂SO₄
-----------------------  x  ------------------------  =  1.17 moles H₂SO₄
                                  6 moles HNO₃

The rate of a reflection decreases when the temperature increases

This goes to say that the rate of reflection will go down more whenever there is an increase in temperature

Reflection can simply be defined as the the throwing back by a body of light without absorbing it.

reflection of

In conclusion, the rate of a reflection decreases when the temperature increases

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The mass of melted gold to release the energy would be  3, 688. 8 Kg

It is important to note that the formula for  energy is

Q = n × HF

Where

n = number of moles

HF = heat of fusion

Let's find number of moles

235.0 = n × 12.550

number of moles = [tex]\frac{235}{12. 550}[/tex] = 18. 725 moles

The molar mass of Gold is 197g/ mol

We have that;

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Substitute the values

Mass = 18. 725 × 197

Mass = 3, 688. 8 Kg

Thus, the mass of melted gold to release the energy would be  3, 688. 8 Kg

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Answer:

1

Explanation:

The empirical formula describes the simplest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound. To find this formula, you need to (1) convert grams of each element to moles (via their atomic masses) and then (2) find the ratio of each element (by dividing each molar value by the smallest mole value).

(Step 1)

Atomic Mass (Zn): 65.380 g/mol

Atomic Mass (C): 12.011 g/mol

Atomic Mass (O): 15.998 g/mol

10.40 grams Zn              1 mole
------------------------  x  ------------------------  =  0.159 moles Zn
                                   65.380 grams

1.92 grams C               1 mole
---------------------  x  -----------------------  =  0.160 moles C
                                 12.011 grams

7.68 grams O               1 mole
----------------------  x  ------------------------  =  0.480 moles O
                                 15.998 grams

(Step 2)

0.159 moles Zn / 0.159  =  1 atom Zn

0.160 moles C / 0.159  =  1 atom C

0.480 moles O / 0.159  =  3 atom O

The empirical formula is Zn₁C₁O₃. Therefore, the value that should be in the space is 1.

The true statements are:

Energy is the ability to do work.

Energy can exist in many form, two of which are kinetic and potential energy.

The worker is holding a filled gas cylinder still gives the gas potential energy by lifting it above the ground.

The molecules of the gas also has kinetic energy by virtue of their constant random motion resulting in thermal energy.

In conclusion, the energy of the filled gas is both potential and kinetic.

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Answer:

49.8 g C₆H₅Br

Explanation:

The theoretical yield is the maximum calculated amount of product that can be made from a reaction. To find the theoretical yield, you need to (1) determine the chemical reaction which is taking place, then (2) calculate the molar masses of the relevant reactants and product, then (3) convert grams of each reactant to grams of bromobenzene (using molar masses and mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients), and then (4) determine the limiting reagent and the theoretical yield.

(Step 1)

Bromine = Br₂

Benzene = C₆H₆

Bromobenzene = C₆H₅Br

The balanced equation:

Br₂ + 2 C₆H₆ ----> 2 C₆H₅Br + H₂

(Step 2)

Molar Mass (Br₂): 2(79.904 g/mol)

Molar Mass (Br₂): 159.808 g/mol

Molar Mass (C₆H₆): 6(12.011 g/mol) + 6(1.008 g/mol)

Molar Mass (C₆H₆): 78.114 g/mol

Molar Mass (C₆H₅Br): 6(12.011 g/mol) + 5(1.008 g/mol) + 79.904 g/mol

Molar Mass (C₆H₅Br): 157.01 g/mol

(Step 3)

52.3 g Br₂           1 mole             2 moles C₆H₅Br         157.01 g
----------------- x  ------------------  x  -------------------------  x  ---------------  =
                          159.808 g              1 mole Br₂               1 mole

=  103 g C₆H₅Br

24.8 g C₆H₆         1 mole            2 moles C₆H₅Br          157.01 g
-------------------  x  ---------------  x  --------------------------  x  ---------------  =
                             78.114 g           2 moles C₆H₆             1 mole

=  49.8 g C₆H₅Br

(Step 4)

Because C₆H₆ produces a smaller amount of product than Br₂, it must be the limiting reagent. This means that it will run out before all of the Br₂ is used up. Therefore, the actual theoretical yield of C₆H₅Br is 49.8 grams.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

2NaOH(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)₂(s)

Chemical equations are representations of chemical reactions using symbols and formula of the reactants and products.

The reactants are located on the left side while the products are located on the right side.

Reactants —> Products

The balancing of chemical equations follows the law of conservation of matter which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to another.

Sodium hydroxide => NaOH

Iron (II) chloride => FeCl₂

2NaOH(aq) + FeCl₂(aq) --> 2NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)₂(s)

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The volume of potassium iodide used will be 0.087 L or 87 mL

The equation of the reaction goes thus: [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2(aq) + 2KI --- > PbI_2(s) + 2KNO_3(aq)[/tex]

The mole ratio of the 2 reactants is 1:2.

Mole of 9.42 g [tex]Pb(NO_3)_2[/tex] = 9.42/331.2 = 0.02844 mol

Equivalent mole of KI = 0.02844 x 2 = 0.05688 mol

Volume of 0.05688 mol, 0.655 mol/L KI = 0.05688/0.655 = 0.087 L or 87 mL

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Answer:

O Kinetic energy does not change, but the potential energy does

The pH of a 0.0100 M sodium benzoate solution with a Kb of 1.5 × 10-¹⁰ is 5.91 (option B).

The pH of a solution in chemistry refers to the notation expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

The pH is measured on a logarithmic scale of which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid and higher values more alkaline.

The pH of a solution can be calculated using the following formula;

pH = - log {H+}

pH = - log {0.0100}

pH = 2

Therefore, the pH of a 0.0100 M sodium benzoate solution with a Kb of 1.5 × 10-¹⁰ is 5.91.

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The melting points of sugar and salt are above 20°C.

The melting points of substances refer to the temperature at which solid substances gain enough energy to become liquids.

The room temperature is approximately 20°C. At this temperature, sugar and salt are solids. This means that the melting temperature of both substances is above 20°C.

More specifically, sugar will melt around 180 °C while salt will melt at a temperature slightly above 800 °C.

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Answer:

11.9 moles Cl₂

Explanation:

To find the number of moles, you need to use the Ideal Gas Law. The equation looks like this:

PV = nRT

In this equation,

-----> P = pressure (atm)

-----> V = volume (L)

-----> n = moles

-----> R = constant (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

Before you can plug the given values into the equation, you first need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.

P = 33.3 atm                         R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K

V = 11.5 L                              T = 120. °C + 273.15 = 393.15 K

n = ? moles

PV = nRT

(33.3 atm)(11.5 L) = n(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(393.15 K)

382.95 = n(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(393.15 K)

382.95 = (32.2776)n

11.9 = n

Answer:

4.30 moles

Explanation:

You need to use the Ideal Gas Law. The equation looks like this:

PV = nRT

In this equation,

-----> P = pressure (atm)

-----> V = volume (L)

-----> n = moles

-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

Before you can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find "n", you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given values.

P = 3.85 atm                        R = 0.08206 atm*L/mol*K

V = 32.4 L                            T = 80.4 °C + 273.15 = 353.55 K

n = ? moles

PV = nRT

(3.85 atm)(32.4 L) = n(0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)(353.55 K)

124.74 = n(29.012313)

4.30 = n

Answer:

163 L

Explanation:

To find the volume, you need to use the Ideal Gas Law. The equation looks like this:

PV = nRT

In this equation,

-----> P = pressure (atm)

-----> V = volume (L)

-----> n = moles

-----> R = constant (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)

-----> T = temperature (K)

Before you can plug the given values into the equation, you first need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.

P = 3.50 atm                         R = 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K

V = ? L                                   T = 75.3 °C + 273.15 = 348.45 K

n = 20.0 moles

PV = nRT

(3.50 atm)V = (20.0 moles)(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(348.45 K)

(3.50 atm)V = 572.1549

V = 163 L

The sign of the entropy change, ΔS, for the following processes include:

What is Entropy?

This is referred to the degree of randomness or disorderliness of a system and is denoted as S.

Entropy change is usually positive when solid or liquid reactant is converted into gas product and vice versa.

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