Let A and B be two stations attempting to transmit on an Ethernet. Each has a steady queue of frames ready to send; A’s frames will be numbered ????1, ????2 and so on, and B’s similarly. Let T = 51.2 ????????????c be the exponential backoff base unit. Suppose A and B simultaneously attempt to send frame 1, collide, and happen to choose backoff times of 0 × T and 1 × T, respectively. As a result, Station A transmits ????1 while Station B waits. At the end of this transmission, B will attempt to retransmit ????1 while A will attempt to transmit ????2. These first attempts will collide, but now A backs off for either 0 × T or 1 × T (with equal probability), while B backs off for time equal to one of 0 × T, 1 × T, 2 × T and 3× T (with equal probability).(a) Give the probability that A wins this second backoff race immediately after his first collision.(b) Suppose A wins this second backoff race. A transmits ????2 and when it is finished, A and B collide again as A tries to transmit ????3 and B tries once more to transmit ????1. Give the probability that Awins this third backoff race immediately after the first collision.(c) What is the probability that A wins all the ???? backoff races. (???? is a given constant)(d) Assume that there are 3 stations sharing the Ethernet. Will the chance for A to win all the backoffraces decrease or increase? Why?
Answer:
Following are the solution to the given question:
Explanation:
Please find the complete and correct question in the attachment file.
For Point a:
For the second round,
A is selects kA(2) either 0 or 1, so for each of them, that is [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex].
B selects [tex]kB(2)\ from\ (0, 1, 2, 3)[/tex] for each choice with the probability of [tex]\frac{1}{4}[/tex].
If [tex]kA(2) < kB(2)[/tex] wins the second rear race.
[tex]\to P[A \ wins] = P[kA(2) < kB(2)][/tex]
[tex]= P[kA(2) = 0] \times P[kB(2) > 0] + P[kA(2) = 1] \times P[kB(2) > 1]\\\\= \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{2}{4} \\\\=\frac{3}{8} +\frac{2}{8} \\\\= \frac{3+2}{8}\\\\= \frac{5}{8}[/tex]
For Point b:
Throughout this example, [tex]kA(3)[/tex] also selects to be either 0 or 1 with such a [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] probability. So, although B chooses [tex]kB(3)[/tex] from [tex](0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7),[/tex] the probabilities each are [tex]\frac{1}{8}[/tex]:
[tex]\to P[A \ wins] = P[kA(3) < kB(3)][/tex]
[tex]= P[kA(3) = 0] \times P[kB(3) > 0] + P[kA(3) = 1] \times P[kB(3) > 1]\\\\= \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{7}{8} + \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{6}{8}\\\\= \frac{7}{16} + \frac{6}{16}\\\\= \frac{7+6}{16} \\\\= \frac{13}{16}\\\\[/tex]
For point c:
Assume that B tries again 16 times (typical value), and it destroys. In addition, throughout the exponential background n is obtained at 10 when choosing k between 0 to 2n−1. The probability of A winning all 13 backoff events is: [tex]P[A \text{wins remaining races}] = 16\pi i =4P[A \ wins \ i |A \ wins \ i -1 ][/tex]
Let the k value kA(i) be A for the backoff race I select. Because A retains the breed
[tex]=(kA(i)] \cdot P[kA(i+ 1)< kB(i+ 1)] \geq P[kA(i) + 1<kB(i)] \cdot P[kA(i+ 1)< kB(i+1)]+P[kA(i) + 1 \geq kB(i)] \cdot P[kA(i+ 1)< kB(i+ 1)] \\\\= (P[kA(i) + 1< kB(i)] +P[kA(i) + 1 \geq kB(i)]) \times P[kA(i+ 1) < kB(i+ 1)]\\\\=P[kA(i+ 1)< kB(i+ 1)]\\\\[/tex]
For point d:
Two stations A and B are supposed. They assume that B will try 16 times afterward. Even so, for A, 16 races were likely to also be won at a rate of 0.82 For Just higher expectations of three A, B, and C stations. For Station A, possibility to win all backoffs
Film and video speak the same audiovisual’’__________.’’
Answer:
Film and video speak the same audiovisual ’’Technology’’
Your first submission for the CIS 210 Course Project should include the following functionality: - Requests the user to input his/her first name - Formats the name to capitalize the first letter and makes all remaining characters lowercase, removing any spaces or special characters - Output the formatted name to the console
Answer:
In Java:
import java.util.*;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
String name;
System.out.print("First name: ");
name = input.next();
name= name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1).toLowerCase();
System.out.print(name);
}
}
Explanation:
This declares name as string
String name;
This prompts the user for first name
System.out.print("First name: ");
This gets the name from the user
name = input.next();
This capitalizes the first letter of name and makes the other letters to be in lowercase
name= name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1).toLowerCase();
This prints the formatted name
System.out.print(name);
What is the algorithm to determine the absolute of a number
This was written in python, let me know if it needs to be in another language.
Answer:
Conditionals are slower than plain arithmetic operations, but much, much faster than something as silly as calculating the square root
Explanation:
integer or bitwise op: 1 cycle floating -point add/ sub/mul: 4 cycles . Floating- point div ~ 30 cycles Floating - point exponentiation :~ 60 cycles depending on implementation Conditional branch : avg. 10_ cycles, better if well- predicted , much worse if mispredicted.
0111101101010110101110110001001011101001011101101010101010110101
Refer to the above bit string to answer the below questions.
Create a valid IPv4 addresses using the above bit string.
Answer:
binary digits in computer system it belongs
Select the correct answer.
Jane's team is using the V-shaped model for their project. During the high-level design phase of the project, testers perform integration testing
What is the purpose of an integration test plan in the V-model of development?
OA. checks if the team has gathered all the requirements
OB. checks how the product interacts with external systems
ОC. checks the flow of data in internal modules
OD. checks how the product works from the client side
Answer:
a
Explanation:
what is hyperlink and its used in website
Explanation:
Hyperlink is the primary method used to navigate between webpages.
Hyperlink can redirect us to another webpages, such as websites that has graphics, files, sounds on the same webpage.
five advantages of Internet
Answer:
1. Accessible to find information
2. Computer can store information you need
3. Communication world wide to connect with others
4. High tech learning
5. Many entertaining platforms and games
Explanation:
Hope that helps
Because of the internet, travel agents now focus more on computers than they do on customer relationships.
True
False
Answer:
true
Explanation:
there are a lot of easier ways to access clients through computers with the internet.
When you check your hard drive to see how much space is available, you are checking your
O primary memory
O secondary storage
O tertiary storage
O primary storage
Answer:
secondary storage
Write a program to calculate the total price for car wash services. A base car was is $10. A dictionary with each additional service and the corresponding cost has been provided. Two additional services can be selected. A '-' signifies an additional service was not selected. Output all selected services along with the corresponding costs and then the total price for all car wash services.Ex: If the input is:Tire shineWaxthe output is:ZyCar WashBase car wash -- $10Tire shine -- $2Wax -- $3----Total price: $15Ex: If the input is:Rain repellent-the output is:ZyCar WashBase car wash -- $10Rain repellent -- $2----Total price: $12services = { 'Air freshener' : 1 , 'Rain repellent': 2, 'Tire shine' : 2, 'Wax' : 3, 'Vacuum' : 5 }base_wash = 10total = 0service_choice1 = input()service_choice2 = input()''' Type your code here '''
Answer:
Replace
''' Type your code here '''
with the following lines of code:
price1 = services[service_choice1]
price2 = 0
if not (service_choice2 == "-"):
price2 = services[service_choice2]
total = base_wash + price1 + price2
print("Zycar Wash")
print("Base car wash: $"+str(base_wash))
print(service_choice1+str(": $")+str(price1))
print(service_choice2+str(": $")+str(price2))
print("Total price: $"+str(total))
Explanation:
The complete program with explanation is as follows:
The italicized lines were originally part of the question
services = { 'Air freshener' : 1 , 'Rain repellent': 2, 'Tire shine' : 2, 'Wax' : 3, 'Vacuum' : 5 }
base_wash = 10
total = 0
service_choice1 = input()
service_choice2 = input()
This line gets the price of service choice 1
price1 = services[service_choice1]
This line initialzes price of service choice 2 to 0
price2 = 0
If an additional service (i.e. service choice 2) is selected
if not (service_choice2 == "-"):
This line gets the price of service choice 2
price2 = services[service_choice2]
This calculates the total price
total = base_wash + price1 + price2
This prints the header
print("Zycar Wash")
This prints the base car wash
print("Base car wash: $"+str(base_wash))
This prints the service choice 1
print(service_choice1+str(": $")+str(price1))
This prints the service choice 2
print(service_choice2+str(": $")+str(price2))
This prints the total
print("Total price: $"+str(total))
Assume that you have 22 slices of pizza and 7 friends that are going to share it (you've already eaten). There's been some arguments among your friends, so you've decided to only give people whole slices. Write a Python expression with the values 22 and 7 that calculates the number of whole slices each person would receive and assigns the result to numberOfWholeSlices.
Answer:
In Python:
numberOfWholeSlices = int(22/7)
print(numberOfWholeSlices )
Explanation:
For each friend to get a whole number of slices, we need to make use of the int function to get the integer result when the number of slices is divided by the number of people.
So, the number of slice is: 22/7
In python, the expression when assigned to numberOfWholeSlices is:
numberOfWholeSlices = int(22/7)
Next, is to print the calculated number of slices
print(numberOfWholeSlices )
Following are the python program to the given question:
Program Explanation:
Defining a variable "numberOfWholeSlices". Inside this variable, it divides the integer value and holds the quotient part, and holds only the integer part by using the int method.In the next step, it uses the print method that prints the quotient value holding variable.Program:
numberOfWholeSlices = int(22/7)#defining a variable "numberOfWholeSlices"
#dividing the integer value and holds the quotient value part and convert the value into integer
print(numberOfWholeSlices )#print the quotient value
'''OR'''
numberOfWholeSlices = 22//7#defining a variable "numberOfWholeSlices" that claculates and hold the quotient value integer part
print(numberOfWholeSlices )#print the quotient value
Output:
Please find the attached file.
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A for loop is used to replace a ________ while loop
Answer:
counting
Explanation:
It looks like you're initializing your counter variable before you create the for loop.
Match the web development languages to their types.
PHP
HTML
ASP
JavaScript
XML
SGML
MARKUP LANGUAGE
SCRIPTING LANGUAGE
Answer:
HTML, XML and SGML are the markup languages (hence the "ML" suffix on each of their acronyms).
PHP, ASP and Javascript are scripting languages.
A kind of markup language is HTML. It "marks up" or encapsulates data using HTML tags that specify the data and explain how it will be used on the webpage. Following that, the web browser examines the HTML, which instructs it as to what sections are headings, paragraphs, links, etc.
What are the different web development languages?OOP scripting is used in Java, whereas OOP programming is used in Java. JavaScript code can only be run on a browser, while Java applications can run on a virtual machine or browser.
While JavaScript code is completely in text, Java code must be compiled. They both need various plug-ins.
Therefore, The "ML" suffix on each acronym stands for markup languages, which are HTML, XML, and SGML respectively. Scripting languages include JavaScript, ASP, and PHP.
Learn more about languages here:
https://brainly.com/question/29239656
#SPJ2
Write formal descriptions of the following sets.
(a) The set containing the numbers 1, 10, and 100
(b) The set containing all integers that are greater than 10
(c) The set containing all natural numbers that are less than 10
(d) The set containing nothing at all
(e) The set containing the empty string
(f) The set containing the string abc
Answer:
{1, 10, 100}
{a : a ∈ Z and a > 10}
{a : a ∈ N and a < 10}
∅
{ε}
{abc}
Explanation:
1.) A set containing the numbers 1, 10 and 100
2.) Z represents integers, hence numbers n the set are integers values greater Than 100
3.) N represents natural numbers, this the set contains natural numbers less Than 10
4.)∅ represents a null or empty set
5.)represents an empty string
6) contains the sting values a, b and c
At which stage should Joan discuss the look and feel of her website with her website designer?
At the
stage, Joan should discuss the look and feel of her website with her website designer.
Answer:
Development stage: It is great to talk with the website designer during the development stages to understand the goalsAnswer:
At the planning stage maybe?
Explanation:
I'm not positive but in plato it discusses this in the Website Development Proccess lesson.
Match the following
A. Birju Maharaj Brain Lara
B. Jhaveri Sister Mike Tyson
C. Hockey Major Dhyan Chand
D. Boxing Manipur
E. Cricket Uttar Pradesh
Concentrate strings
Write code that concatenates the character strings in str1 and str2, separated by a space, and assigns the result to a variable named joined. Assume that both string variables have been initialized.
Two Letters in Word
Given a character string stored in a variable called word, write code that concatenates the fifth character of the word to the third character from the end of the word, and assigns that string to a variable named two_letters. Assume that word already has a value and is at least five characters long.
Set the Number of Cards if Necessary
Write code that sets the value of the variable num_cards to seven if its current value is less than seven. Otherwise, don't change the value. Assume that nuncards already has an initial value.
Answer:
In Python:
(a) Concatenate strings:
joined = str1+" "+str2
(b) Two Letters in Word :
two_letters = word[4]+word[-3]
(c) Set Numbers in Card
if num_cards < 7:
num_cards = 7
Explanation:
The code segments were written in Python
All variables were assumed to have been initialized
Solving (a): Concatenate strings:
To do this, we make use of + operator.
So, the concatenation of str1 and str2 with space in between is
str1+" "+str2
When assigned to variable joined, it becomes
joined = str1+" "+str2
Solving (b): Two Letters in Word :
The character at the 5th position is represented with index 4 i.e. word[4]
To access a character from the end, we make use of - sign. So, the third character from the end is word[-3]
Concatenate them using + operator.
So, we have:
two_letters = word[4]+word[-3]
Solving (c): Set Numbers in Card
Here, we make use of the if condtion.
First, check if num_cards is less than 7(i.e. num_cards < 7)
If true, assign num_cards to 7
So, we have:
if num_cards < 7:
num_cards = 7
Consider a computer system with three users: Alice, Bob, and Cyndy. Alice owns the file alicerc, and Bob and Cyndy can read it. Cyndy can read and write the file bobrc, which Bob owns, but Alice can only read it. Only Cyndy can read and write the file cyndyrc, which she owns. Assume that the owner of each of these files can execute it.
a. Create the corresponding access control matrix.
b. Cindy gives Alice permission to read cyndyrc, and Alice removes Bob's ability to rad alicerc. Show the new access control matrix.
Answer:
Following are the solution to this question:
Explanation:
For point a:
[tex]alicerc \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ bobrc \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ cyndyrc\\[/tex]
[tex]Alice \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ox \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ r\\\\ Bob \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ r \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ox \\\\Cyndy \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ r\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ rw \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ orwx[/tex]
For point b:
[tex]alicerc \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ bobrc \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ cyndyrc[/tex]
[tex]Alice \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ox \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ r \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ r\\\\Bob \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ox \\\\Cyndy \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ r \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ rw \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ orwx[/tex]
I don't get the width and height part (PLEASE HELP WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST ANSWER)
Answer:
What they're saying is that the first two bytes (first two eight bit segments) tell you the width and height of the pattern.
In the example given, you'll notice that the first 16 digits are 00000100 00000100. If you convert those to decimal, you'll see that those are both equal to four.
If instead the second block of eight bits was 00000111, the image height would then be seven.
Which version of Microsoft Office is free?
Answer:
the older versions and really all of them are
Answer:
This is what I found on the internet that I hope will help you! :3
Explanation:
It's a free app that will be preinstalled with Windows 10, and you don't need an Office 365 subscription to use it. The existing My Office app has many of these features, but the new Office app puts the focus on the free online versions of Office if you're not an Office 365 subscriber.
Which statement about creating a client request in quickbooks online accountant is false
Answer:
You can add attachments by selecting the + Add document link
The request is not sent to the client's email address unless the default setting is changed.
The request appears in the client's QuickBooks Online company in My Accountant
If you wish to notify your client of your request with a QuickBooks Online-generated email, select Notify client
Explanation:
The highlighted one is correct. Its QBO question.
The intelligence displayed by humans and other animals is termed?
Answer:
ᗅгᝨเŦเςเᗅl เภᝨєllเﻮєภςє, Տ⌾๓єᝨเ๓єՏ ςᗅllє๔ ๓ᗅςђเภє เภᝨєllเﻮєภςє ⌾г ๓ᗅςђเภє lєᗅгภเภﻮ, เՏ เภᝨєllเﻮєภςє ๔є๓⌾ภՏᝨгᗅᝨє๔ ๒γ ๓ᗅςђเภєՏ, เภ ς⌾ภᝨгᗅՏᝨ ᝨ⌾ ᝨђє ภᗅᝨႮгᗅl เภᝨєllเﻮєภςє ๔เՏקlᗅγє๔ ๒γ ђႮ๓ᗅภՏ ᗅภ๔ ⌾ᝨђєг ᗅภเ๓ᗅlՏ. ... Տ⌾๓єᝨђเภﻮ ᝨђᗅᝨ'Տ ђєlקเภﻮ ᝨђเՏ ςђᗅภﻮє เՏ ᗅгᝨเŦเςเᗅl เภᝨєllเﻮєภςє.
հօթҽ íԵ հҽlթs
Natural intelligence relates to life concepts and life choices which adhere to the natural constraints or boundaries of the world's resources and the further discussion can be defined as follows:
It is defined as an emotional impulse ingrained into the common myth that drives us to value & defend the integrity of any living creatures.It is the polar opposite of artificial intelligence, which is all of the control mechanisms found in life. Nature also displays non-neural control in plants and protozoa, as well as dispersed intellect in colonies species including such ants, jackals, and people.Therefore, the final answer is "Natural intelligence".
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What is software?
a. The soft parts of a computer, like the mouse pad. b. The collection of programs that make the computer do useful work
c. The physical components that come together to form a computer
d. A special kind of CD-ROM
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Answer:
I believe the answer is B
Without this step of the problem solving process you might solve the wrong problem, not know where to start, or not know when you are finished.
Select one:
Define
Prepare
Try
Reflect
4. What are the traits of a good follower?
Answer:
Judgment. Followers must take direction, but not blindly. Work ethic. Good followers are good workers. Competence. In order to follow, followers must be competent. Honesty. Followers have a responsibility to be honest. Courage. Discretion. Loyalty. Ego management.In an independent software organization, who owns the copyright of the developed software?
O A.
client
OB
software organization
C.
project manager
D.
testing team
OE.
change committee
Answer:
The correct answer is B) The software organization.
Explanation:
An independent software organization is one that specializes in writing or creating software or applications that are eventually sold to the end-users. The End-Users are usually a broad-based market. The users only purchase a right to use the software, not the right to own the software. This means that the rights and ownership of the software remain that of the independent software organization or vendor (ISV).
Examples of applications that an ISV can create include but are not limited to the following list:
Healthcare Management System; Real Estate Management System; Accounting and Finance Management System Gambling Softwares University or School Management Software etc
Examples of Accounting and Finance Management Systems are:
Quickbooks by IntuitFreshbooksSage and Xero
Cheers
match each option to the description of the task it accomplishes?
Answer:
did u mean to send a picture
Explanation:
SAM trainings include 4 parts, which of the following is NOT one of them?
A.practice
B.grading
C.guide
D.Observe
Answer:
doon sa pasay nag kakapi
Suppose a program contains 500 million instructions to execute on a processor running on 2.2 GHz. Half of the instructions takes 3 clock cycles to execute, where rest of the instructions take 10 clock cycle. What is the execution time of the program
Answer:
1.48 s
Explanation:
Number of instructions = 500 million = 500 * 10⁶
clock rate = 1 / 2.2 GHz = 1 / (2.2 * 10⁹ Hz) = 0.4545 * 10⁻⁹ s
We need to compute the clocks per instruction (CPI)
The CPI = summation of (value * frequency)
CPI = (50% * 3 clock cycles) + (50% * 10 clock cycles)
CPI = (0.5 * 3) + (0.5 * 10) = 1.5 + 5 = 6.5
Execution time = number of instructions * CPI * clock rate
Execution time = 500 * 10⁶ * 6.5 * 0.4545 * 10⁻⁹ =1.48 s