When two atoms of chlorine and iodine join together to form a covalent bond, their outermost electrons interact to form a chemical bond.
What is a Covalent bond?
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond that involves the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms come together to share their electrons in order to reach a more stable electron configuration. As a result, the two atoms become bonded together by the attraction of their shared electrons.
The chlorine atom has seven valence electrons, while the iodine atom has seven as well. Both atoms will want to complete their octets, so the two atoms share their outermost electrons with each other. During the formation of the covalent bond, the chlorine atom will donate one of its electrons to the iodine atom, while the iodine atom will donate one of its electrons to the chlorine atom. This sharing of electrons allows the two atoms to form a single bond and fill their octets, forming a covalent bond.
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Hydrogen bonds are an especially strong type of dipole-dipole interaction What are oil and water examples of
An exceptionally potent type of dipole-dipole interaction is hydrogen bonding. Oil and water are examples of the effects of hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen bonding are a type of dipole-dipole interaction that occur between the hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the nitrogen or oxygen atoms of another molecule. They are relatively strong interactions, about 5-10% as strong as a covalent bond, and are responsible for the unique properties of many biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins. Oil and water are examples of substances that demonstrate the effects of hydrogen bonding. Water molecules are polar, meaning that they have a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atoms. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with one another, giving water its high surface tension and making it a good solvent for polar substances. Oil, on the other hand, is composed of non-polar molecules such as alkanes and alkenes, which do not form hydrogen bonds with one another. As a result, oil is immiscible with water and will float on top of it, because it does not have the same kind of attractive forces between its molecules as water does, and also the oil molecules have a low polarity. In summary, hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole interaction that are relatively strong, and oil and water are examples of substances that demonstrate the effects of hydrogen bonding. Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with one another, giving it the properties of high surface tension and making it a good solvent for polar substances, while oil is composed of non-polar molecules and it is immiscible with water, having low polarity.
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Which freezes faster, hot water or cold water?
Answer: Hot water freezes faster.
Explanation: It is because of the Mpemba effect taking place, and even though it seems impossible, it could have less dissolved gas in it, or even take up less mass because of this.
a supporter of the phlogiston theory says that when petrol burns in air phlogiston is lost in the air so the mass decreases. Write a letter to this person explaining why the phlogiston theory is wrong
Phlogiston theory is wrong as it states that when petrol burns in air phlogiston is lost in air so the mass decreases but as per law of conservation of mass , mass never increases or decreases rather it is constant.
What is law of conservation of mass?According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .
Law needs to be modified in accordance with laws of quantum mechanics under the principle of mass and energy equivalence.This law was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the year 1789.
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What synthetic goal is achieved by subjecting an alkene to an oxymercuration demercuration reaction sequence
An alkene is subjected to an oxymercuration demercuration reaction sequence to attain a synthetic aim is the conversion of an alkene into an alcohol.
The oxymercuration reaction involves the addition of a hydroxymercury(II) compound (Hg(OH)2 or Hg(OAc)2) to the alkene in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This results in the formation of an intermediate alkoxymercury(II) compound, which can then be converted into an alcohol through the demercuration step. In the demercuration step, the alkoxymercury(II) compound is treated with a reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4), which reduces the mercury(II) to mercury(0) and converts the alkoxymercury(II) compound into an alcohol. In summary, the oxymercuration-demercuration reaction sequence is a two-step process that converts an alkene into an alcohol by adding a hydroxymercury(II) compound to the alkene in the presence of a base and then reducing the intermediate alkoxymercury(II) compound with a reducing agent.
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what point is swift makihng in a modest proposel by discounting other people and more humane solutions
Making people aware of how terrible hunger and poverty are in contemporary society is the aim of A Modest Proposal.
These kinds of problems are still important in today's culture and are not only confined to Swift's day. Jonathan Swift wrote an article titled "A Modest Proposal" that discusses hunger and poverty. Swift created it in 1729 as a means of drawing attention to how terrible these issues were.Most likely, this idea did seem excessive to many of his contemporaries, especially if they failed to grasp the text's satirical and sarcastic tone. Swift is trying to make a point about how things between the rich English and the poor Irish have gotten out of hand.
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If methane (CH4) has a tetrahedral molecular geometry, which of the following diagrams most likely represents its Lewis dot structure
The carbon atom is in the center of the structure and is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms.
What is structure?Structure is an organized arrangement of elements, such as components, materials, people, or ideas. It is a way of organizing and arranging the components of a system in order to achieve a desired outcome.
The most likely Lewis dot structure for methane (CH4) is the following:
The carbon atom is in the center of the structure and is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom has one electron in its outer shell, and the carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell. All of the atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral shape, which matches the molecular geometry of methane.
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Instructions: Use the following scenario for questions 2 and 3.
Scenario: The chef places cold water in a pot, places the pot on the stove, and monitors its temperature as time passes. Which of these BEST describes the changes the chef sees occurring at different stages of heating the pot of water?
Before the water begins to boil, thermal energy _____.
remains the same.
increases.
decreases.
Thermal energy increases before the water begins to boil.
Thermal energy is produced when the atoms and molecules in matter vibrate faster due to an increase in temperature. As the average kinetic energy of its particles increases, the thermal energy of the object increases.
After reaching water at its boiling point thermal energy remain same because temperature remain constant after reaching once at boiling point. Thermal energy is directly proportional to temperature. Hence, chef will notice two phenomena during water begins to boil.
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Select the correct answer. convection is a mode of heat transfer for which types of objects?
a. solids and liquids
b. gases and solids
c. gases only
d. liquids and gases e. liquids only
a). Convection is a mode or process of heat transfer for solids and liquids.
Convection is a process of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of fluids. It is the main mode of heat transfer in liquids and gases and is commonly used to transfer heat between two solid objects.
During convection, heat is transferred by the movement of particles or molecules in the fluid. The heat is transferred by the interaction of the particles or molecules with each other and the objects they come into contact with.
The particles or molecules that are hotter will transfer energy to the particles or molecules that are cooler. This causes the cooler particles or molecules to become hotter, resulting in heat transfer from one object to the other.
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What are the chances of the offspring being heterozygous for tall plant?
There are 50% chances of the offspring being heterozygous for tall plant.
Crossing homozygous short tt plants with heterozygous tall Tt plants yields short to tall plants in a 1:1 ratio. So the seed has a 50% chance of growing into a large plant.
Under such conditions, the dominant allele is always expressed and the recessive allele is masked. In this example, the size allele is dominant, so the plant grows.
About 80% of an individual's height is determined by differences in their inherited DNA sequences.
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What element has a number of electrons 14?
The element that has a number of electrons 14 is silicon.
Any material that is totally composed of the same kinds of atoms is said to be an element. For instance, the element carbon is made up entirely of carbon atoms. The number of protons in an atom is indicated by the element's atomic number. The quantity of protons and electrons inside a neutral atom must match.
An element's position on the periodic table is also indicated by its atomic number.
An element possesses 14 electrons, as stated in the question. Since this suggests that it must contain 14 protons, its atomic number must be 14.
In order to locate the element, we must first put down any potential electronic configurations for the element:
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p²
In the outermost shell, there are four electrons. The element therefore has 4 electrons in its valence shell. Therefore, this element's period number is 4.
Additionally, the element's group number will be equivalent to:
(Valence electrons + 10) or (4 + 10) equals the 14th group
The element is a p-block element as a result. And silicon is the element that corresponds to the 14th group and 4th period of the periodic table.
Thus, silicon, which possesses 14 electrons, is the correct answer.
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A sample of fluorine gas at STP contains 4.088x10^24 atoms. What is the volume in liters of the sample?
Record your answer to 1 decimal place. Do not put units on your answer.
According to the concept of Avogadro's number and STP conditions volume in liters of the sample is 15,388.7.
What is Avogadro's number?Avogadro's number is defined as a proportionality factor which relates number of constituent particles with the amount of substance which is present in the sample.
According to the definitions, Avogadro's number depend on determined value of mass of one atom of those elements.It bridges the gap between macroscopic and microscopic world by relating amount of substance with number of particles.
Number of atoms can be calculated using Avogadro's number as follows: mass/molar mass×Avogadro's number
Number of moles is obtained as, number of atoms/Avogadro's number=4.088×10²⁴/6.023×10²³=6.78 moles on substitution in formula of PV=nRT=V=6.78×8.314×273/1=15,388.7 liters.
Thus, the volume is 15,388.7 liters of the sample.
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How many moles are there in 2.87x10^23 molecules C3H8?
Answer:
0,5 moles
Explanation:
N = L × n
n = N ÷ L
n = 2,87 × 10²³ ÷ 6,02 × 10²³
n = 2,87 ÷ 6,02
n = 0,47 moles or 0,5 moles
(a) The student made two mistakes in setting up the apparatus.
Identify the two mistakes.
Describe the problem each mistake would cause.
The first mistake that the student made is drawing the start line with ink. So it will run/dissolve in the solvent / split up
The second mistake that the student made is placing the solvent above the spots or start line instead of under them. So they will mix with solvent or wash off paper or color the solvent or dissolve in the solvent.
In the first mistake, there is no clear, visible starting line for the experiment as the ink flows or dissolves in the solvent. This error can lead to confusion and inaccuracy in results as students cannot accurately measure or compare the progress of their experiments.
The second mistake, it mixes or washes away the solvent with the dirt and starts the line, making it difficult or impossible to observe or measure the progress of the experiment. This error can also lead to inaccuracies in results, as students may not be able to accurately measure or compare the progress of their experiments.
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86. Consider the carbon-nitrogen bonds shown below:
CEN and
Η
Η
|
H-C-N:
||
Η Η
Which bond is shorter? Which is stronger?
Answer: I belive it is HH to h-c-n
Explanation: yea
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. what are the percent compositions of vanadium and lead? a metallurgist begins with 1,250 grams of vanadinite (pb5(vo4)3cl) and ends up with 135 grams of pure vanadium and 915 grams of pure lead. the percent composition of vanadium in the ore is , and the percent composition of lead is .
The percent composition of vanadium in the ore is 1A: 10.8%, and the percent composition of lead is 2B: 73.2%.
Vanadinite (Pb₅ (VO₄)₃Cl) = 1250 grams
Pure vanadium= 135 grams
Pure lead = 915 grams
Percent composition of vanadium =?
Percent composition of lead =?
The formula to find the percent composition is as follows:
Percent composition =(substance mass in grams/ sample mass in grams) × 100
1: Now solving to find the percent composition of vanadium by putting values in the formula:
Percent composition of vanadium = (vanadium mass/sample mass) × 100
Percent composition of vanadium = (135 g/ 1250 g) × 100
Percent composition of vanadium = 10.8 %
2: Now finding the percent composition of lead by using the same formula:
Percent composition of lead = (lead mass/sample mass) × 100
Percent composition of lead = (915 g / 1,250 g) × 100
Percent composition of lead = 73.2%
"
Complete question:
What are the percent compositions of vanadium and lead?
A metallurgist begins with 1,250 grams of vanadinite (pb5(vo4)3cl) and ends up with 135 grams of pure vanadium and 915 grams of pure lead.
The percent composition of vanadium in the ore is ______ , and the percent composition of lead is ________ .
OPTIONS:
1.
A. 10.8%
B. 14.3%
C. 14.8%
D. 62.4%
2.
A. 55.6%
B. 73.2%
C. 16.0%
D. 23.8%
"
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Answer:
10.8%
73.2%
Explanation:
I just did the test and its right on plato, Have a great a day!
What is the cause of periodic repetition of properties of elements?
The periodic repetition of properties of elements is due to the regular arrangement of electrons in the atoms of those elements. This regular arrangement is known as the "periodic table" of elements. This is due to the behavior of electrons in atoms and the increasing number of valence electrons as atomic number increases, resulting in a regular pattern of electron configurations and properties.
Elements are arranged in the periodic table according to increasing atomic number. Elements in the same vertical row (group) have similar chemical and physical properties, and elements in the same horizontal row (period) have similar electronic configurations of their atoms.
The reason for this repeating periodic property is the behavior of the electrons in the atoms. As the atomic number increases, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, and the number of electrons in the atom increases. These electrons occupy different energy levels or shells around the atomic nucleus. The outermost shell electrons, the so-called valence electrons, are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms and participate in chemical bonds. As the atomic number increases, the number of valence electrons in the atom increases. This results in a regular pattern of electron configurations and thus a regular pattern of properties.
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First, once in the simulation, click on “solution values”. Move the blue levers (solute amount) and (solution volume) to the required amounts and find the molarity of the following:
1. Using Drink Mix mode:
a. What is the molarity when .772 moles are dissolved in .500 Liters of water?
b. What is the molarity when .453 moles are dissolved in .450 Liters of water?
The molarity when .772 moles are dissolved in .500 Liters of water is 0.0015M. The molarity when .453 moles are dissolved in .450 Liters of water is 0.001M.
What is molarity ?The term molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in per litre of solution. The unit of molarity is mole, which is denoted by the symbol "M".
M = Number of moles of solute / litre in solution
1. Number of moles of solute = .772 moles
so, 0.772 / 500
= 0.0015 M
2. Number of moles of solute = .453 moles
so, .453 / 450
= 0.001 M
Thus, The molarity when .772 moles are dissolved in .500 Liters of water is 0.0015M. The molarity when .453 moles are dissolved in .450 Liters of water is 0.001M.
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why was the bohr model replaced
Answer:
The Bohr model of the atom was replaced by the quantum mechanical model because it was unable to explain the behavior of electrons in atoms. The quantum mechanical model was able to explain the behavior of electrons in atoms more accurately.
Explanation:
Consider the orbital diagram
shown. Which electron rule is
broken in the diagram?
1
1s 2s
2p
A. Aufbau Principle
B. Hund's Rule
C. Pauli Exclusion Principle
Answer: Aufbau Principle
Explanation:
Aufbau Principle - states that lower energy orbits must be completely filled before moving onto a higher energy level
Hund's Rule - pairing rule; all boxes in the level must be given one arrow before adding a second arrow
Pauli Exclusion Principle - each box must contain two arrows pointing in different directions
This question doesn't completely fill the 1s level before moving onto the next 2s level. Therefore, the digram violates the Aufbau Principle.
How did the experiement with the iron filings and sulfur compare with the experiment in which copper sulfate pentahydrate was heated
Both tests, one using heated copper sulfate pentahydrate with iron filings and sulfur, and the other using copper sulfate pentahydrate, produced gas production and color changes.
Iron sulfide, which is black in color, is created when iron (gray) and sulfur (yellow) mix chemically.
Fe(s) + S(s) -> FeS(s)
The water molecules in the crystal of copper sulfate-pentahydrate (blue) evaporate when heated, transforming it into anhydrous copper sulfate, which is white in color.
CuSO4.5H2O -> CuSO4 + 5H2O
As a result, both reactions have changed in color and chemical organization. It is considered a chemical change to heat crystals of hydrated copper sulphate. An aqueous solution of copper sulphate loses copper ions to iron. It is an isolated displacement reaction between two metals. In the activity series, iron comes after copper.
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Answer: Both resulted in color change, One involved chemical change while the other involved physical change.
Explanation:
B and E on edge.
QUIZ 4: GOLDEN YEARS TO IONIZATION The elements with the highest ionization energy and thus the most unreactive are:
The elements with the highest ionization energy are the noble gases, which are located in the upper right corner of the periodic table. These elements include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. These elements have a full valence electron shell, meaning that they have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outermost energy level. This makes them very stable and resistant to chemical reactions, as they do not have any electrons that can be easily removed or added.
As a result, they have very high ionization energy, meaning that a large amount of energy is required to remove an electron and form an ion. Due to these properties, these elements are not readily reactive with other elements and tend to exist as diatomic molecules or as individual atoms. These elements are used in a variety of industrial, medical, and everyday applications such as in lighting, refrigeration, and as inert gases in medical equipment and in the manufacturing of semiconductors.
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What procedures should be followed if a chemical spill occurs?
Prevent the spread of dusts and vapors.Neutralize acids and bases, if feasible. Manage the spread of the liquid.absorb the liquid.Gather and incorporate the cleanup residues. Get rid of the wastes. Decontaminate the area and affected system.
Chemical spills are the uncontrolled launch of a dangerous chemical, both as a strong, liquid or a gas. these spills need to be minimized as tons as possible.
Chemical spills usually result from the dangerous handling of chemical compounds, incorrect chemical storage, chemical garage tank ruptures, incorrect containers for chemical disposal, and failure to eliminate chemical substances in a well timed way.
There are sorts of spills that you can run into: simple Chemical Spills and complex Chemical Spills. easy Chemical Spills are small, confined, and present minimal dangers.
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When using IR spectroscopy, what is being recorded by the machine?
Sizes
O Wavelengths
O Color
O Molecular mass
Answer:
wavelengths
Explanation:
hope it helps
thanks
Wavelengths are being recorded by the machine by using IR spectrography. Therefore, option B is correct.
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is also known as infrared spectrometry. It is a technique that is used to analyze and identify chemical compounds based on their absorption or emission of infrared radiation.
Infrared radiation lies in the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and microwave radiation. It has longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than visible light. When infrared radiation passes through a sample, certain chemical bonds in the sample absorb specific frequencies of infrared light.
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I’ve tried to do the problem but it’s confusing
Answer:
Explanation:
The equation for calculating the amount of heat released is:
q = mcΔT
where:
q = heat released (in joules)
m = mass of the substance (in grams)
c = specific heat capacity (in J/g·°C)
ΔT = change in temperature (in degrees Celsius)
Given:
m = 30 g
ΔT = 96°C - 25°C = 71°C
c = 4.184 J/g·°C (for water)
so
q = (30 g)(4.184 J/g·°C)(71°C) = 8.91*71 = 635.11 J
Therefore, 635.11 J of heat is released when 30g of water cools down from 96 degree celsius to 25 degree celsius
Note that this calculation is valid only if the process is adiabatic or no heat is exchanged with the environment.
Calculate the amounts of p-acetamidophenol (in grams) and bromoethane (in milli- liters) that are used in this reaction. 5. What is activated carbon? What is it used for, either in the lab or other applications?
the amount of bromoethane (in milli- liters) that are used in this reaction is 74.13ml.
Mol wt of P-Acetamido phenol = 151.16. Mol wt of Bromoethane = 108.97. Mol wt of Acetophenetidin (product) = 179.22. Paraacetamido phenol, mol wt=151.16. Bromoethane= 108.97. By the law of mass action, 151.16 g P-Acetamido phenol will react 108.97g Bromoethane to get 179.22 g Acetophenetidin (product) and 80.91 g Hydrobromic acid as a bye product. Since the density of Bromoethane = 1.47g/cc, the quantity of Bromoethane in milliliters = 108.97/1.47 = 74.13 ml. Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a form of carbon that has been processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activated carbon is used for a wide range of industrial and environmental applications, including purifying air and water, removing impurities from liquids and gases, and recovering valuable chemicals. In the laboratory, activated carbon is commonly used to purify organic compounds, remove dissolved gases from liquids, and purify water.
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How will you justify presence of 18 elements in 5th period and presence of 32 elements in 6th period?
The orbitals within subshells are filled in the sequence of increasing energy. The filling can choose from the 5s, 4d, as well as 5p sub-shells. Consequently, there are 18 total components in period 5.
There are 18 atoms in the 5th grade of the periodic table, never 32. Reason l=0, 1, 2, and 3 and n=5. The energy of the accessible electron shells 4d, 5s, and 5p grows in the correct sequence: 5s4d5p. and since there are a total of 9 accessible orbitals, 18 electrons could fit.
The fourth period includes 18 elements owing to the 10 extra electrons which the 3d orbitals can hold since the 3d sublevel doesn't really fill before the 4s sublevel.
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Which is the best way to prepare 3-methoxypentane via the Williamson method? ( please explain why)
A). CH3OH + CH3CH2CHOHCH2CH3 + H2SO4, 140'C
B). CH3OH + (CH3)2 CHCH2CH2OH+ H2SO4, 140' C
C). CH3ONa + (CH3CH2)2CHBr
D). CH3 I + (CH3CH2)2CHONa
The best way to prepare 3-methoxypentane via the Williamson method is : D). CH3 I + (CH3CH2)2CHONa.
What is Williamson method?The most used technique for making ethers is the Williamson ether synthesis. A metal alkoxide displaces a halide ion from an alkyl halide in an SN2 reaction, which is how it happens. An alcohol and a potent base, such as sodium hydride, react to form the alkoxide ion.
Williamson synthesis is employed in the creation of both simple and mixed ethers. Alcoholic sodium or potassium alkoxide is heated with alkyl halide to create the appropriate ethers. ROR+NaX ROR+ONa+X. Methyl iodide produces dimethyl ether when heated in the presence of alcoholic sodium methoxide.
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How does atomic number affect properties?
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and it directly affects the properties of an element. The atomic number also determines the element's place in the periodic table, which allows us to predict the properties of an element based on its atomic number.
As the atomic number increases, the number of protons in the nucleus increases and so does the atomic number. This increase in protons also increases the number of electrons in the atom. The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom directly affect its chemical behavior and thus the properties of the element.
The atomic number also determines the element's position on the periodic table, and elements with similar atomic numbers have similar chemical and physical properties. For example, elements in the same vertical row (group) have similar chemical properties, and elements in the same horizontal row (period) have similar electronic configurations of their atoms.
The atomic number also affects the reactivity of an element. Elements with lower atomic numbers tend to be more reactive than elements with higher atomic numbers.
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Balance the following double displacement reaction and determine the coefficients of all of the reactants and products.
___ BaCl2 +___ Na2CO3 --> ___ BaCO3 + ___ NaCl
This double displacement reaction and the coefficients of all the reactants and products in this balanced chemical reaction is Bacl₂ + Na₂CO₃ = BaCO₃ + 2Nacl.
What is a double displacement reaction?A double displacement reaction is a particular type of reaction in which two reactants swap ions to produce two new molecules. Water-soluble ionic compounds interact with one another in a number of double displacement processes.
What is the meaning of coefficients?Coefficients are the numbers or expressions put in front of a chemical symbol or formula to balance chemical equations. It provides information on the number of atoms or molecules of the drug or chemical that are a part of the reaction.
What is a chemical reaction?When two or more compounds come into touch with one another and create a new substance, the process is known as a chemical reaction (s). Reactants or reagents are the name(s) for the substance(s) or substances that are initially incorporated into the chemical process. Chemical reactions typically involve a chemical change and produce one or more products, which typically differ from the reactants in some ways.
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What mass of silver chloride can be prepared by the reaction of 170.0 mL of 0.23 M silver nitrate with 200.0 mL of 0.18 M calcium chloride
2.87 g of silver chloride can be made by reacting 200.0 mL of calcium chloride with 170.0 mL of silver nitrate, both of which have a 0.23 M silver nitrate concentration. Chemically, silver chloride is a substance.
AgCl is the chemical formula for this. It is generally known that this white crystalline substance is only weakly soluble in water. Silver chloride changes from grey to black or purplish in hue upon illumination or heating, indicating the presence of silver. As the mineral chlorargyrite, AgCl can be found in nature. Chemical processes take place everywhere around us, from the food our bodies metabolize to how the sunlight we receive is produced.
silver chloride mass: m (AgCl)=0.02*143,32g/mole=2.87 g, where n (AgCl) = (0.02*2)/2=0.02 moles.
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