Answer:
A balanced chemical reaction is an equation where the number of atoms of each type in the response is the same on both reactants and product sides.
Explanation: Burning, and cooking are two examples. :)
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PROBLEM 1.22 Give the hybridization state of each carbon in the following
compounds:
(a) Carbon dioxide (0 = C = O)
(d) Propene (C*H_{3}*CH = C*H_{2})
(b) Formaldehyde (H_{2}*C = O)
(e) Acetone [(CH 3 ) 2 C = OI
(c) Ketene (H_{2}*C = C = O)
(f) Acrylonitrile ( C*H_{2} =CHC equiv N)
SAMPLE SOLUTION
(a) Carbon in C*O_{2} is directly bonded to two other atoms. It
is sp-hybridized.
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to hybridisation. Therefore, the hybridisation of the given molecule can be given as below.
What is hybridisation?Only during bond formation does hybridization occur, not in an individual gaseous atom. If the bonding of a molecule is known, the geometry of the molecule may be predicted.
compound hybridisation
Carbon dioxide (0 = C = O) sp
Propene (CH[tex]_3[/tex]CH = CH[tex]_2[/tex]) sp³, sp²,sp²
Formaldehyde (H[tex]_2[/tex]C = O) sp²
Acetone [(CH[tex]_3[/tex] )[tex]_2[/tex] C = O sp³, sp², sp³
Ketene (H[tex]_2[/tex]C = C = O) sp², sp
Therefore, the hybridisation of the given molecule can be given as above.
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What is the name of the ionic compound formed from lithium and bromine?
Why is the answer lithium bromide? What is the indicator that this is the correct name, rather than lithium bromate? Is this because a compound would need to contain 3 different atoms and oxygen to have the name lithium bromate? Is that why NaNO3 is Sodium Nitrate?
Answer:
The answer is lithium bromide because it is the combination of a metal (lithium) and a nonmetal (bromine). The indicator that this is the correct name, rather than lithium bromate, is that the compound is composed of only two elements and does not contain oxygen. Yes, this is why NaNO3 is Sodium Nitrate; it is composed of three different elements (sodium, nitrogen, and oxygen).
Explanation:
Which of the following relations are functions?
5. CCC Patterns Look at the melting points for the metals in the fourth and fifth periods of the
periodic table in the figure. Describe the general pattern in the relationship between a metal's
position in the table and its melting point.
Periodic trends are particular patterns that appear in the periodic table and highlight various characteristics of a certain element, such as its size and electrical capabilities. Electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting temperature, and metallic nature are important periodic trends.
What is the general pattern in the relationship between a metal's position in the table and its melting point?Within a period, the elements' ionization energies tend to rise from left to right. Valence shell stability is to blame for this.
In general, an element's ionization energy falls from top to bottom within a group. The reason for this is electron shielding.
The graph shows that the entire valence shells of the noble gases give them extremely high ionization energy. Keep in mind that among all the elements, helium has the highest ionization energy.
Within a time frame, electron affinities shift from left to right. The shrinkage of atomic radius is to blame for this.
Within a group, electron affinity diminishes from top to bottom. The rise in atomic radius is to blame for this.
This results from an overall rise in the amount of protons and electrons throughout time. Since each proton exerts more force than each electron, electrons are drawn inward and reduce the radius of the atom.
Within a group, atomic radius grows from top to bottom. The reason for this is electron shielding.
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What would be the electron configuration for neutral oxygen? Please show what energy level each electron is in using the electron diagonal filling rule do not use noble gas configuration.
Answer: 1s2 2s2 2p4
Explanation:
Recall the number of electrons an orbital can have:
s orbitals have 2, p orbitals have 6, d orbitals have 10, f orbitals have 14, and so on.
Oxygen in its neutral state would have 8 electrons.
To summarize the diagonal filling order, it goes from the least energy level to the most, and the orbital with the least amount of orbitals to the most.
So, the order for this will go from 1 and end at 2 (for energy level,) then s, s again (as energy level 1 has 1s orbital only,) and p.
So, the first energy level, 1s2 (2 electrons), leaves the remaining six electrons.
Completely fill the s orbital (another 2 electrons), and the remaining 4 electrons will be in the respective p orbital.
Thus, it is 1s2 2s2 2p4.
In "The Philosophy of the Manufacturers" by Andrew Ure, the author compares a factory worker to a handmade
worker. The author leads the reader to the idea that the factory worker is better off. Choose evidence (a quote
from the text) to support this idea.
a. Certainly no muscular fatigue to sustain, while it procures for him good, unfailing wages, besides a
healthy workshop gratis.
b. The lot of mankind, have been too little dwelt upon; while, on the other har, it has been accused of
lending itself to the rich capitalists as an instrument for harassing the poor.
c. The principle of the factory system then is, to substitute mechanical science for hand skill, and the
partition of a process into its essential constituents.
"Certainly no muscular fatigue to sustain, while it procures for him good, unfailing wages, besides a healthy workshop gratis."
What idea does the quote supports?The concept that factory workers have it better than handcrafted workers is supported by this textual quotation since it implies that factory work is less physically taxing and offers better pay and working conditions.The author is suggesting that factory worker is in better position than hand worker.This is beneficial for the worker, as it means they can work for longer periods of time without experiencing the same level of exhaustion.Finally, the quote states that a factory provides a "healthy workshop gratis" which means that the factory provides a healthy and clean working environment for the worker without any additional costs. This is beneficial for the worker, as it means they can work in a safe and healthy environment, which is not always the case for hand workers.To know more about healthy workshop conditions quote, check out :
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Q. 2 A and B are powders, A is insoluble while B dissolves to give a pH 3 solution. Mixing A and B gives bubbles or effervescence and a clear solution. Which is the acid? If the other substance is a carbonate, name the gas given off. Even though A is insoluble a clear solution is given off, explain why.
Answer:
From the information provided, it seems likely that substance A is an acid, and substance B is a carbonate. The fact that mixing the two substances results in bubbles or effervescence, and that a clear solution is formed, suggests that a chemical reaction is taking place.
Acids and carbonates react together to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas. The reaction is as follow:
Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
The carbon dioxide gas forms bubbles in the solution and causes effervescence, and the clear solution formed is due to the fact that both the acid and the carbonate have reacted together to form the salt and water. This reaction is acid-base neutralization reaction as the acid and base will neutralize each other.
As for the acid, since it is said that B gives pH 3 solution after dissolved, it can be inferred that it is not an acid, otherwise it would be acidic. Therefore A which is insoluble is the acid.
As for the gas given off, it's Carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
A certain compound consists of 54.53% C, 9.15% H, and 36.32% O by mass. The molar mass of the compound is 88.10g/mol, What is the molecular formula of this compound?
The compound is going to have the molecular formula; [tex]C_{4} H_{8}O_{2}[/tex]
What is the molecular formula?We know that the molecular formula is the formula of the compound that shows the number of the atoms of each of the elements that we can be able to find in the compound.
Now for the compound that we have, we divide through by the relative atomic mass of each;
C - 54.53/12 H - 9.15/1 O - 36.32/16
C - 4.5 H - 9.15 O - 2.27
Dividing through by the lowest ratio;
C - 4.5/2.27 H - 9.15/2.27 O - 2.27/2.27
C - 2 H - 4 O -1
The empirical formula is [tex]C_{2} H_{4} O[/tex]
We now have;
[2(12) + 4(1) + 16] n= 88.1
n = 88.1/44
n = 2
The molecular formula is;
[tex]C_{4} H_{8}O_{2}[/tex]
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the maximum allowed concentrations of chloride in municipal drinking water supply in 250 ppm cl. when the supply of water exceeds this limit it often has a distinctive salty taste. what is the concentration in molarity?
The allowed concentration of Cl in water is 250 ppm. Then the equivalent concentration in molarity is 0.007 molar.
What is molarity ?Molarity is a common term used to express the concentration of a solution. It is the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the volume of solution in liters. Molarity is a temperature dependent measurement.
Parts per million is another term of concentration have the formula as written below:
ppm = ws/W × 10⁶
Where, ws is the weight of solute and W be the weight of solution in grams.
1 molar = 35500 ppm
therefore, 250 ppm = 250 ppm × 1M /35500 ppm = 0.007 M.
Hence, the molarity of the salt solution will with the maximum allowed concentration will be 0.007 M.
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5. (a-c) In the balanced equation below, how many grams of solid iron can be formed if 50.0g Fe2O3 reacts with 10.0g of CO?
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) +3CO2
a. What mass of the excess reactant remains after the reaction occurred?
b. If you conducted an experiment and 11.5 grams of Fe(s) was formed what would be the percent yield?
c. If the percent yield for the process to obtain 75 kg of CO2 was 80.7%, how many kg of CO is needed?
From the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of the reactants is 1:3.
Mole of 50.0 g [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] = 50/160 = 0.3125 mol
Mole of 10.0 g CO = 10/28 = 0.3571 mol
Stoichiometric equivalent of [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] = 0.3571/3 = 0.1190 mol
In other words, [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] is in excess.
Excess mole = 0.3125 - 0.1190 = 0.1935 mol
Mass of 0.1935 mol [tex]Fe_2O_3[/tex] = 0.1935 x 160 = 30.96 grams
Mole ratio of CO to Fe = 3:2
Equivalent mole of Fe that would be formed = 0.3571 x 2/3
= 0.2381 mol
Mass of 0.238 mol Fe = 0.238 x 56 = 13.328 grams
Percent yield of Fe = 11.5/13.328 x 100 = 86.28%
Mole of 75 gk CO2 = 75000/44 = 1704.55 mol
Mole ratio of CO2 and Co = 1:1
Equivalent mole of CO = 1704.55 mol
Mass of 1704.55 mol CO = 1704.55 x 28 = 47.73 kg
80.7% = 47.73 kg
100% = 100 x 47.73/80.7
= 59.14 kg
In other words, 59.14 kg of CO would be needed.
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How many short columns are on the periodic table?
Answer:
They are 4 short column on the periodic table
If 160 grams of a 200-gram sample of gold-198 decay in 6.25 days, what is the half-life of gold-198?
The half-life of gold-198 is 2.77 days
What is half-life of gold-198?Gold-198 decays with a half-life of 2.7 days to stable mercury-198 by emission of ß particles of maximum energy 0.960 Mev and Y -rays of energies 0.412, 0.68 and 1.09 Mev as shown schematically in In a gold grain, the thickness of the enveloping sheath of platinum is such that the ß particles: The amount of time it takes to disintegrate by half an initial amount. For a given reaction, a reactant's half-life t1/2 is the time it takes for its concentration to reach a value which is the arithmetic mean of its initial and final (equilibrium) value.Since Au-198 is 200 g originally and it decays to 160 g, so 40g leftthe fraction decay is 40/200 = 0.2the time base is 6.25 daysln0.2/6.25 = -0.25k=ln2/half life therefore half-life = ln2/k = ln2/0.25half life = 2.77 daysSo, half life of gold is 2.77 daysTo learn more about half-life of gold-198 refers to:
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The diagram at right shows a manometer connected to a flask. The mercury levels are measured in mm. the pressure in the room is 740mmHg. Determine the pressure of the gas in the flask.
on the flask it has 505mm and 465mm
pressure=585...
this is your answer
The Law of Conservation of Matter states that in a closed system, matter cannot be created or destroyed. This means that atoms can NOT just appear or disappear. The mass will not change in a closed system.
This, however, is NOT what we observed. We observed that the mass of the substance in our measuring tray increased after burning.
Why do you think this happened? Where did the extra mass come from?
REMEMBER: Energy (light, heat, motion, etc.) is not made of atoms so has no mass.
RESOURCE: Access your online textbook through CLEVER, click to get the blue ribbon across the top of the page and go to the Table of Contents. Scroll down to Lesson 9 Conservation of Matter and select "Extending Your Knowledge: Mass and Matter"
Answer:
The Law of Conservation of Matter states that in a chemical reaction, matter is not created or destroyed. However, it is possible for the mass of a substance to change during a chemical reaction, as you observed.
When a substance burns, it reacts with oxygen in the air to form new compounds. For example, when wood burns, it reacts with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide. The mass of the wood plus the mass of the oxygen is equal to the mass of the water and carbon dioxide produced.
In this case, the extra mass that you observed came from the oxygen that reacted with the wood. Oxygen has mass, and when it reacts with the wood, the mass of the resulting compounds is greater than the mass of the starting materials.
It's important to note that energy is not a form of matter, and therefore has no mass. However, energy can be converted into matter and vice versa, according to the famous equation E=mc^2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light. This equation demonstrates that mass and energy are fundamentally connected and can be converted into each other under certain conditions.
Explanation:
When a person weighs himself in pounds, which system of measurement is he using?
Answers: customary or metric
Answer:
it is the British imperial and united states customary systems
You are marooned on a sandy island surrounded by ocean water. A stagnant, murky, looking pond contains the only available water on the island. In your survival kit, you have the following items:
-One nylon jacket
-One plastic cup
-Two plastic bags
-One length of rubber tubing
-One knife
-One 1-L bottle of liquid bleach
-One 5-L glass bottle
-One bag of salted peanuts
Describe a plan to produce drinkable water using only the items available and the sun. Use pictures as necessary.
Answer:
Step 1: Use the kn*fe to cut the rubber tubing into two pieces.
Step 2: Use one plastic bag to filter the pond's murky water. Place the bag over the plastic cup and pour the water into it.
Step 3: Place the filtered water from the plastic bag into the 5-L glass bottle.
Step 4: Add a few drops of the liquid bleach to the water in the glass bottle.
Step 5: Place the nylon jacket over the top of the glass bottle and secure it with the rubber tubing.
Step 6: Place the glass bottle in direct sunlight and let it sit for at least an hour.
Step 7: Remove the nylon jacket and rubber tubing from the glass bottle.
Step 8: Use the second plastic bag to filter the water from the glass bottle.
Step 9: Enjoy the drinkable water!
Explanation:
You pour some hot water into a metal cup. After a minute,
you notice that the handle of the cup has become hot.
Explain, using your knowledge of heat transfer, why the
handle of the cup heats up. How would you design the cup so
that the handle does not heat up?
Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from a temperature that is higher to one that is lower.
Thermoenergy: What is it?The energy that exists in a system and controls its temperature is known as thermal energy. Heat is thermal energy in motion. Thermodynamics is a comprehensive field of physics that examines how heat and work are transferred between diverse systems.
Energy of what kind is thermal energy?The energy that results from atoms and molecules moving around within a substance is known as thermal energy, often known as heat. When these particles move more quickly, heat is produced. Geothermal energy is the earth's heat energy. Energy held within motion is referred to as motion energy.
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What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?
KE= 1/2mv²
KE=2mv²
KE=1/2m²v
KE=2m²v
Answer:
The formula for kinetic energy is KE= 1/2mv²
Explanation:
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PLS RATE AS BRAINLIEST ANSWER
A transverse wave is shown here. Several wave properties are labeled with letters. Which of these statements accurately reflects the energy associated with the wave? Select ALL that apply. Responses A Y is the frequency, and an increase in Y is associated with an increase in energy.Y is the frequency, and an increase in Y is associated with an increase in energy. B W is the amplitude, and a decrease in W is associated with an increase in energy.W is the amplitude, and a decrease in W is associated with an increase in energy. C W is the amplitude, and an increase in W is associated with an increase in energy.W is the amplitude, and an increase in W is associated with an increase in energy. D Z is the displacement, and a decrease in Z is associated with an increase in energy.Z is the displacement, and a decrease in Z is associated with an increase in energy. E X is wavelength, and a decrease in X is associated with an increase in energy.
Answer:
C) W is the amplitude, and an increase in W is associated with an increase in energy.
E) X is wavelength, and a decrease in X is associated with an increase in energy.
Explanation:
A transverse wave consists of an oscillating electric field that is perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Increasing either the amplitude or the wavelength of the wave increases its energy. For a transverse wave, the amplitude corresponds to W, while the wavelength is labeled X. So increasing W or decreasing X will create increase the energy of the wave.
A relationship that decreases the dependent variable when the independent variable increases is called __________________
molecule of the variables shift in the opposite directions when there is a inverse or negative relationship. In other words, the dependent variable grows if the value of the independent variable falls.
What is the name of the correlation here between dependent and independent variables?The dependent variable in this study are often the effect and the variable are the cause in a research investigation. Additionally, one could say that there is a cause-and- effect link between the independent and the dependent variables.
What kind of link does there exist between these two variables?A statistical method known as correlation is used to quantify and explain a link between two variables. The two factors are often just observed, not changed. Two scores from identical people must be used for the correlation
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What ions are formed with AgNO3 dissolves in water? How does water stabilize the ions?
Answer:
Explanation:
In water, silver nitrate (AgNO3) dissolves to generate the ions Ag+ (silver) and NO3- (nitrate). When the substance is dissolved in water, the ions are separated and become solvated, or surrounded by water molecules. Water molecules' oxygen atoms join the metal ion in a coordinate covalent bond that gives the metal ion a pair of electrons. By preventing it from interacting with other ions or molecules in the solution, this aids in stabilising the metal ion. As a result of their hydrogen bonds with the water molecules around them, the nitrate ions are likewise stabilised in solution.
Pls help with question a and b.
a) 1 - Trigonal planar 2 - Trigonal planar
b) 1- Linear 2 - Tetrahedral 3 - Tetrahedral
c) 1 - Trigonal planar 2 - Tetrahedral
What are the shapes?We have to know that the shapes at the various carbon atoms and other atoms would depend on the number of the electron pairs and the hybridization of the atom.
We must have to note that the shape of the atom can be found on the basis of the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory which deals with the arrangement of that electrons around the outermost shell of the central atom.
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What mass of O2 molecules contains the same number of oxygen atoms as 14.0 g of water?
Answer:
So 0.39 moles of oxygen are produced in 14 g of water. So that's it.
Explanation:
an empty 5L, solid steel scuba tank containing 2 ¨bobs" of particles has a pressure of 765 mmHg then it is completely filled to 32 ¨bobs" of gas what is the pressure and volume of the filled tank
The new volume of the system can be found to be 4.9 L.
What is the new volume?We have to know that we do use the Boyle's law when we are trying to get the association that we know that does exist when we are looking at the volume and the pressure of the gas and the both can be shown to be inversely proportional.
We then have that;
Initial pressure(P1) = 765 mmHg
Initial volume (V1) = 5 L
Final pressure (P2)= 780 mmHg
Final volume (V2) = ?
Then;
P1V1 = P2V2
V2 = 765 * 5/780
V2 = 4.9 L
As such, we can see from the calculation that the new volume that we would obtain is 4.9 L
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Explain, in terms of subatomic particles in energy states, how the colors in a fireworks display are produced
Salts are heated to extremely high temperatures during a display of fireworks. The salts' ions pick up energy and get excited. Exciting hues are created as energy in the form of light is emitted from the ions. Each salt's metal ion can be identified by the hue of the light that is emitted.
What are subatomic particles?Subatomic particles refer to the three fundamental particles that make up the atom.
The subatomic particles include:
electronsprotons, and neutronsElectrons occupy several energy states. When electrons gain energy, they move to a higher energy state. The electrons on returning to a lower energy state emit radiation that is seen as several light color displays in fireworks.
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What is the mass of a 8.45 m3 piece of copper?
The mass of a 8.45 m3 piece of copper is 7537.4 grams.
What is mass?Mass is described as a dimensionless quantity representing the amount of matter in a particle or object.
density of copper =8.92g/cm^3
volume = 8.45 x 100 cm^3
mass = (8.45 x 100) x 8.92
mass = 7537.4 grams.
The relationship between mass, density and volume is that density offers a convenient means of obtaining the mass of a body from its volume or vice versa.
This means that the mass is equal to the volume multiplied by the density (M = Vd), while the volume is equal to the mass divided by the density (V = M/d).
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Antigens are substances that may induce immune response as they are recognised and bound by antibodies or cells of the immune system.
Based on your knowledge of the structures of bacteria and viruses, can you suggest some examples of molecules that are antigenic?
Some examples of molecules that are antigenic may be proteins and or polysaccharides in the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria which may be targeted by the immune system during the production of antibodies.
What is the relationship between antigens in pathogenic bacteria and antibodies of the immune system?The relationship between antigens in pathogenic bacteria and antibodies of the immune system is based on the fact that antigens are biomolecules in the pathogens that can be targeted to bond antibodies that are produced by the organism in immune responses against bacteria, viruses, and allergens in the air and foods, etc.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that antigen molecules be any type of biomolecule present in the pathogen and the relationship between antigens in pathogenic bacteria and antibodies of the immune system is based on the binding between them (antigens and antibodies) which is fundamental during certain specific immune responses.
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the enthaply of formation of water is -285.8kj/mol. what can be inferred from this statement
Answer: It takes 285.8 kJ of energy to form one mole of water
Explanation:
The enthalpy of formation of a substance is the change in enthalpy that occurs when a substance is formed from its elements in their standard states. The enthalpy of the formation of water is -285.8 kJ/mol, which means that it takes 285.8 kJ of energy to form one mole of water from its elements (hydrogen and oxygen) under standard conditions. This value is negative, which means that the formation of water releases energy. This is why water is often referred to as an "exothermic" substance because it releases energy when it is formed. The negative value of the enthalpy of formation for water can be explained by the fact that the bonds formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stronger than the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the individual elements. This means that it takes less energy to break the bonds in the elements than it releases when the bonds in water are formed, resulting in a net release of energy.
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Answer:
This means that 285.8 kJ/mol is evolved when one mole of water is formed.
What is the enthalpy of formation?
The term enthalpy of formation has to do with the energy that is released or absorbed when a molecule of water if formed from its constituents.
The fact that the enthalpy of formation of water is -285.8 kJ/mol implies that 285.8 kJ/mol is evolved when one mole of water is formed.
Explanation:
If sugar was broken back down into CO2 and H2O what kind of change would that be?
A. Chemical change
B. Radical change
or
C. Physical change
Answer: chemical change
How to solve this problem in Chemistry? I am stuck
The buffer can be made using an acid or a base.
What is a buffer?We have to know that the term buffer is the generic term that can be generally used to describe any solution that is resistant to changes in acidity and the alkalinity of the solution.
We know that we can be able to make a buffer in two ways;
1) By the use of a weak acid and its salt
2) By the use of weak base and its salt.
In each case, the pH of the solution that has been formed would not be easily changed and this is the job of the buffer.
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