The relationship between bacteria that live in the human intestine and the human host can be best described as mutualism. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from each other.
In the case of bacteria in the human intestine, they play a crucial role in digestion and help break down complex nutrients that the human body cannot digest on its own. The bacteria ferment undigested carbohydrates, produce essential vitamins like vitamin K and certain B vitamins, and help in the absorption of minerals. In return, the bacteria obtain a stable and nutrient-rich environment provided by the host's intestinal tract.
The human host benefits from this mutualistic relationship by gaining improved nutrient absorption and enhanced digestion. The bacteria assist in the breakdown of dietary fibers, producing short-chain fatty acids that serve as an energy source for the host's colonocytes.
Additionally, the presence of beneficial bacteria in the intestine helps maintain a healthy gut microbiota balance, which is crucial for immune function and overall well-being.
It is important to note that mutualism is characterized by both parties benefiting, and neither causing harm or significant detriment to the other. Unlike parasitic relationships where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, the interaction between bacteria and the human host in the intestine is generally beneficial and supports the health and functioning of both parties involved.
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Nurul refused to receive the free immunisations offered by the government for her son because she feels that his son is healthy and does not required immunisation. Do you agree with Nurul? Why?
Help plis thanks
Answer: No , as diseases that occur from micro organisms can still negatively effect a person even if healthy , therefore immunization can help fight the microbes
Explanation:
For bacteria that sporulate, what is the point of sporulation? microbiology
Answer:
Sporulation. Sporulation is a drastic response undertaken by some bacteria, mostly Firmicutes, in response to extreme stress. During sporulation, the growing cell (also referred to as a vegetative cell) will forego normal cellular division to instead form an endospore.
In respect to hemoglobin, how would you suspect that carbon monoxide leads to hypoxic tissue injuries and eventually death?
Inhaling carbon monoxide replaces some of the regular oxygen intake as it passes through the lungs.
When carbon monoxide interacts and binds with hemoglobin in the blood to generate carboxyhemoglobin, carbon monoxide poisoning ensues (COHb). Less oxygen is transferred to bodily tissues and key organs including the brain and heart when carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin.Inhaling carbon monoxide replaces some of the regular oxygen intake as it passes through the lungs. Due to its stronger affinity for hemoglobin, carbon monoxide is replace oxygen on the protein. When important organs like the brain or heart are affected by hypoxia, which is caused by less oxygen reaching your tissues, this results in death.learn more about carbon monoxide here: https://brainly.com/question/21499818
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___________________ and increased oxygen availability are plausible explanations for increases in diversity during the cambrian.
Predation and increased oxygen availability are plausible explanations for increases in diversity during the cambrian.
The Cambrian Explosion refers to the sudden appearance in the fossil record of complex animals with mineralized skeletal remains . Evolution affected the lifestyle . They become flexible , nervous system , circulatory system , digestive system , a lot of different body plans.
Predation can have large effects on prey population and on community structure. Predators can increases diversity in community by preying on competitive dominate species or by reducing consumer pressure on foundation species. Predation can increase , decrease or leave unchanged diversity.
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Find the surface area
the surface area of a figure in square units is the number of unit square it takes to cover entire surface without the gas or overlapse if three dimensional figure has + sides the sides called faces the surface area is the total of the area of the faces
The group of vascular disorders that are marked by blood vessel necrosis and inflammatory injury is the:________
The group of vascular disorders that are marked by blood vessel necrosis and inflammatory injury is Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis.
Vasculitis involves inflammation of the blood vessels. The inflammation can cause the walls of the blood vessels to thicken, which reduces the width of the passageway through the vessel. If blood flow is restricted, it can result in organ and tissue damage. There are many types of vasculitis, and most of them are rare.
Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis is a not uncommon disorder characterized by an inflammation of the blood vessel walls and skin lesions. These skin lesions may be flat and red (macules), nodules, or more substantial hemorrhages under the skin (purpura).
Colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, dapsone, or a short course of low-dose corticosteroids can be tried. Sometimes, stronger immunosuppressants (eg, azathioprine, methotrexate) are used, particularly if lesions ulcerate or if corticosteroids must be taken indefinitely to control symptoms.
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According to the logistic growth model, what happens to a population when the size of the population reaches carrying capacity?
According to logistic growth model environment carrying capacity to capture how growth slows down when a population size become so large so that resources available become limited.
When the population is increases gets larger and approaches the environment carrying capacity, a population first grows exponentially because few resources.In case population reaches the caring capacity , then he ecosystem may became unsuitable for species to survive.
According to logistic growth a population per capital growth gets smaller and smaller as population size approaches at maximum imposed by limited environment resources known as carrying capacity. Exponential growth produce J-shaped curve and logistic growth S- shaped produced .
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Amino acids that must be obtained from foods in order for the body to function properly are called?
Amino acids that must be obtained from foods in order for the body to function properly are called essential amino acids.
The body is unable to produce essential amino acids. They must therefore originate from food. Organic substances known as amino acids are primarily made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.Twenty distinct amino acids are required by your body for growth and optimal operation. Despite the fact that all 20 of these are crucial for your health, just nine are considered essential.These include valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine.While your body may produce non-essential amino acids, it is unable to produce essential amino acids; therefore, you must obtain them through diet.Animal proteins including meat, eggs, and poultry are the richest providers of necessary amino acids.But some plant meals, such edamame and tofu made from soy, do contain all nine essential amino acids. They are "complete" sources of protein.
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Number and laminar distribution of neurons in a thalamocortical projection column of rat vibrissal cortex.
The quantity and arrangement of NeuN-positive neurons in the C2, D2, and D3 TC projection columns in the P27 rat somatosensory barrel cortex based on a thorough identification of neurons in a thalamocortical projection column of rat vibrissal cortex.
The main sources of cortical activity in sensory areas5 and associative brain areas, like the frontal cortex10–12, are thalamocortical projections. There are approximately 40 nuclei in the thalamus4,13,14, and each one innervates a unique combination of cortical regions.
Thalamocortical radiations, also known as thalamocortical fibers, serve as functional relays transmitting sensory or motor information from the thalamus to various regions of the cerebral cortex. Thalamocortical radiations are parallel channels that connect particular thalamic nuclei with particular cortical regions. In individuals with psychosis, there are two unique patterns of thalamocortical connection.
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Integrated Pharmacodynamic Analysis Identifies Two Metabolic Adaption Pathways to Metformin in Breast Cancer
Two tumor groups are identified with distinct metabolic responses, an OXPHOS transcriptional response (OTR) group for which there is an increase in OXPHOS gene transcription and an FDG response group with increased 18-FDG uptake.
What is Pharmacodynamics ?Pharmacodynamics is the study of a drug's molecular, biochemical, and physiologic effects or actions. It comes from the Greek words "pharmakon," meaning "drug," and "dynamikos," meaning "power."
Think of pharmacokinetics as a drug's journey through the body, during which it passes through four different phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).It help us understand how drugs behave in the body and how the body reacts to drugs, respectively.Learn more about Pharmacodynamics here:
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The y-5 molar morphology is present in?
Answer:
it is presented in chimpanzees
The teeth of some primates, notably great apes and some hominoids, have a y-5 molar morphology.
This phrase describes the arrangement or pattern of cusps on the molar teeth. When viewed from above, the cusps are shaped like the letter "Y", with additional cusps arranged in a "5" shape, hence the name "y-5". The paracone, metacone and hypocone – the three primary cusps present with smaller accessory cusps – define this molar morphology. The Y-5 molar arrangement is considered a fundamental feature of the dentition of hominoids, reflecting their shared heritage.
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there are few calls in the vocal communication system of apes, and any particular call is produced only when the animal finds itself in a particular situation. this means that the ape vocal communication systems lack the linguistic design feature of
They communicate with smells, sounds, visual messages, and touching.
Vocal Communication in Primates:Animals frequently communicate through voice. In order to trace the evolutionary roots of our sophisticated communication system, researchers frequently study vocal communication in nonhuman primates (primates) with the goal of detecting similarities and differences between human language and speech. Listeners appear to comprehend the meaning of the sounds made by primates in response to particular occurrences, such as the discovery of a particular predator. Although this form of communication and human referential words appear to be similar on the surface, the mental processes that underpin them may be extremely different.
There is far more disagreement regarding whether the production of ape vocalizations and language share any similarities, despite the fact that generally speaking, the flexibility displayed by primate receivers may exhibit some similarities with humans. It is generally acknowledged that primates, unlike humans, cannot produce novel vocalizations.
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A hanging person meets instant death why??
One or more of the following medical issues, some of which are fatal, may result from a hanging: cerebral hypoxia caused by carotid artery closure.
What is cerebral hypoxia?Cerebral hypoxia is a condition where there is insufficient blood flow to the brain but a reduction in oxygen supply.
Patients who suffer from cerebral hypoxia-induced brain damage can benefit from treatments. However, no one is capable of reviving lost brain tissue or healing a brain damage. The illness may cause permanent brain damage. It can be fatal if it goes on for too long.
A hanging may cause one or more of the following medical conditions, some of which are fatal: Closure of the carotid artery results in cerebral hypoxia.
The jugular veins are sealed along with cervical fracture, which can result in acute spinal cord damage or even unintentional decapitation.
Thus, due to this, hanging person meets instant death.
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A scientist is using a karyotype to investigate a mutation in an organism. Which type of mutation would a karyotype best help to discover
Nondisjunction mutation is the type of mutation that would a karyotype best help to discover when a scientist is using a karyotype to investigate a mutation in an organism.
An individual's entire set of chromosomes is known as their karyotype.
This can also be used to describe a lab-made representation of a person's chromosomes split from one cell and arranged in numerical order.
A karyotype can be used to check for chromosomal numbers or structural problems.
The missegregation of a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis is known as nondisjunction.
A new cell with an excessive amount of genetic material is created as a result. This kind of chromosomal mutation leads to a multitude of clinical problems.
An important example is Down's syndrome.
Trisomy of autosomes, or chromosome 21, is the cause of Down's syndrome.
Only one percent of instances had mosaicism along with Down's syndrome.
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Carbohydrates are used by the body primarily for?
Answer:
Glucose
Explanation:
Glucose is the main sugar found in your blood. It comes from the food you eat, and is your body's main source of energy. Your blood carries glucose to all of your body's cells to use for energy.
Desirae touched a plate and it was hot. Which part of her nervous system conveyed this sensory information?
Central part of the nervous system convey the sensory information to thee brain. It is one of 2 parts of nervous system. Sensory nervous system is a pert of nervous system which is responsible for the processing sensory information .
It consist of sensory neurons which includes the sensory receptor cells, neural pathways and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. It transmitted the signal to nervous system which includes brains and spinal cord.
When nervous system detects and encodes stimuli and then sends signals from receptors that is simple sensory nervous endings. While the high temperature is sensed in the skin , a reflective withdrawal is initiated by the muscles of the arm.
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Which statement is true about visible light from the sun?
Group of answer choices
a.)it is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths
b.)it is the largest part of the electromagnetic spectrum of waves
c.)all other wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are part of visible light
The answer choice which is true about visible light is it is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths
What is visible light?Visible light is that portion of electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the human eye
So therefore, the answer choice which is true about visible light is it is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths.
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A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its?
A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its mitochondria.
What is the function of the mitochondria?The mitochondria is a membrane-bound organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organism.
The mitochondrion is the organelle responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP, hence, it is called power house of the cell.
The energy we make use of for our daily activities is synthesized as ATP in a process called cellular respiration.
However, according to this question, a cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its mitochondria.
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WHAT IS CELLULAR COMPONENTS CHARACTERISATION
A mature ovum produced from division of a primary oocyte has 18 chromosomes. How many chromatids were present in the primary oocyte during prophase I of meiosis
72 chromatids were present in the present in the primary oocyte during prophase 1 of meiosis.
The primary oocyte contains 72 chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis as the mature ovum has 18 chromosomes.
The primary oocyte contains 72 chromatids , that means it contains 144 chromosomes. During the first meiotic division, it produces one secondary oocyte and one polar body.
The secondary oocyte has 72 chromatids, which again undergoes second meiotic division and produces mature ovum and second polar body . The mature ovum contains contains 36 chromatids which means it has 18 chromosomes.
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The unmarried biological father's name may not go on the birth certificate until both parents fill out the .
The unmarried biological father's name may not be on the birth certificate until both parents fill out the Acknowledgement of Paternity (AOP).
The unmarried mother and father must sign an Acknowledgement of Paternity (AOP) in order to officially acknowledge their shared paternity.
Without having to go to court, the AOP establishes the father of the child if it complies with the requirements of District legislation.
The AOP can be finished most easily at the hospital or birthing facility right after the baby is born. The staff will assist parents in completing and notarizing the AOP.
The child's birth circumstances and the parents' marital status must allow them to establish paternity through an AOP.
This typically means that the child must be born in the District and that the parents cannot be wed or in a domestic relationship that is legally recognized.
Additionally, if the mother was married at the time of the child's birth, she cannot complete an AOP with a different man.
Hence, the unmarried biological father's name may not be on the birth certificate until both parents fill out the Acknowledgement of Paternity (AOP).
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Which information can be used to determine an atom's identity?
Counting the number of electrons
Counting the number of electrons
Counting both neutrons and electrons
Counting both neutrons and electrons
Counting the number of neutrons
Counting the number of neutrons
Counting the number of protons
The information that can be used to determine an atom's identity is the number of protons.
What is the proton number?The proton number of an atom is the number of positively charged particles in the core of the atom.
The number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons for every neutral atom.
Thus, the proton number is the primary characteristic that can be used to determine the identity of an element.
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The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by:_______
The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by Conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the sclera. The sclera, or white of the eye, is strong tissue that wraps around the eyeball. It helps maintain your eyeball's shape and protects it from injury.
The ciliary body is the tissue which covers the inner part of the anterior segment of the eye coating. It is composed of the ciliary muscle and processes. On the surface of the ciliary body is the black ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humors.
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Subduction occurs when
Answer:
Subduction occurs when an oceanic plate runs into a continental plate and slides beneath it.
Explanation:
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Collecting ducts within the kidney tubules cut in cross section would reveal what type of epithelium?
Simple cuboid epithelium found in glandular kidney tubules. This is observed in the lining of the kidney tubules and ducts of glans. Nucleus of tall column like cells trend to be elongated and found in the basal end of the cells.
It is composed of single layer that is relatively ,larger surface area, which is allow them to absorption and secretion of substances like water and salt from the kidney and hormones which are produced by the glands.
Simple epithelium tissues are specialized for diffusion and absorption. This is also found in lining the cavities of body such as pericardial , peritoneal and pleurae.
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A woman who is heterozygous for the x-linked, recessive hemophilia allele mates with a man who does not have hemophilia. which of the possible offspring will have hemophilia?
If a mother is heterozygous (a carrier) for hemophilia and the father does not have hemophilia, each son has a 1 in 2 (50%) chance of getting his mother's hemophilia allele and having hemophilia. Each daughter has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of getting her mother's hemophilia allele and being heterozygous.
If one female is heterozygous for the hemophilia trait and is considered a carrier. One male receives a damaged X-chromosome and inherits the condition known as hemophilia. If a man does not have hemophilia, he will have a non-hemophilia allele on his X chromosome which in this case would be "H". The mans genotype would be "XHY". Man with hemophilia will have XhY genotype since it is an recessive disorder .
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Anything and everything which you may want to investigate can be determined by the scientific method.
a. True
b. False
False because scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation. A scientific investigation is a plan for asking questions and testing possible answers. A scientific investigation typically begins with observations. Observations often lead to questions. A hypothesis is a possible logical answer to a scientific question, based on scientific knowledge.
Scientific method is important in an experiment because It provides an objective, standardized approach to conducting experiments and, in doing so, improves their results. Example of scientific investigation can be a plant experiment in which a student uses plants in identical pots, and determine the growth based on how much water, sunlight and how much fertilizer one plant gets .
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Fossil evidence has been used to understand the movement of continental plates. A particular species of animal originated in Asia during the Cretaceous period. It was able to spread across touching landmasses, but not across oceans. Predict which of the following could be true of its fossils, using the figure below.
Mesosaurus
They have been not able to spread easily across land because it better adapted the environment and stayed there in water.
What are Mesosaurus ?These creatures were ancient lizards that looked a bit like small crocodiles, with narrow heads and long tails. They had webbed feet and grew to about 1 meter long
The Mesosaurus might have gone extinct by the end of the Early Permian period. As their fossils were discovered on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the species must have become extinct due to continental drift.They propelled themselves by mianly moving the large fin on their tail in a side to side motion. Mosasaurs were also covered in smooth scales which were very dark in color.Learn more about Mesosaurus here:
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The modification of the genetic code of a living organism is called _____. Multiple choice question. DNA cloning genomic sequencing mutagenesis genetic engineering
The modification of the genetic code of a living organism is called Genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering, often known as genetic alteration, is a technique that modifies an organism's DNA using technology developed in labs. This could entail altering a single base pair (A-T or C-G), erasing a section of DNA, or incorporating new DNA.In order to alter an organism or population of organisms, genetic engineering involves the artificial manipulation, alteration, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules. The term "genetic engineering" is typically used to describe recombinant DNA technology techniques that were developed as a result of fundamental studies in microbial genetics. Human insulin, human growth hormone, and the hepatitis B vaccination are examples of items produced using genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified organisms have also been created.
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Imagine that a company is planning to build a new factory in your region that will provide hundreds of well-paid jobs, but will cause minor amounts of air pollution within a two-mile radius. Answer the following questions: How would you rate your support for the factory if you lived 50 miles away from its planned location? How would you rate your support for the factory if you only lived one mile away from its planned location? Explain any differences between your answers.
I'm aware that well-paying jobs would be beneficial to a large number of people, and a tiny bit of air pollution in a restricted region seems like a modest price to pay for employment opportunities. Therefore, if I lived 50 miles away from the proposed industrial location, I would be in favor of the project. However, if I merely lived a mile from the proposed facility, I could be concerned due to potential negative health consequences, offensive odors, and a likely drop in property values. If I merely lived a mile from the factory's proposed location, I would oppose it in light of these worries.