The frequency of the aa genotype in a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is simply the square of the frequency of the recessive allele (a).
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive allele (a) is represented by q, and the frequency of the dominant allele (A) is represented by p. Therefore, q^2 represents the frequency of the aa genotype.
This means that if the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.4 (q=0.4), the frequency of the aa genotype would be 0.16 (q^2=0.40.4=0.16). Similarly, if the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.2 (q=0.2), the frequency of the aa genotype would be 0.04 (q^2=0.20.2=0.04).
Overall, understanding the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allows us to predict the frequency of genotypes in a population and study the effects of evolutionary factors such as genetic drift, mutation, migration, and selection.
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Which of the following are benefits to using a wet mount preparation and brightfield microscopy? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY - The preparation is quick, easy and low cost. - You can distinguish Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria easily. - You can can see living, motile organisms. Due to high contrast you can easily observe microbes. - You can store slides long term for future analysis.
Wet mount preparation and brightfield microscopy is used for
2. You can can see living, motile organisms.
3. Due to high contrast you can easily observe microbes.
In general , the wet mounts are samples that are stored in solution and not stained, on the other hand dry mounts are samples that are stained and dried before viewing. Dry mounts generally kill the cells, so wet mounts are used to see the motility. Hence ,Wet Mount are used to performed in the laboratory to observe mo.tile organisms. And widely used in examination of material obtained from infected areas of the patients .
Bright field microscopes contains components like light sources either a halogen lamp or LED.
Hence, 2 and 3 is the correct option
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Someone please help asap!
What is the structure of the following statement? "Our city is plagued with polluted water, and until we pass stricter laws about dumping into the river, it is going to continue.
A. Cause and effect
B. Problem and solution
C. Description
D. Sequence
what level of classification do 2 organisms have to be in to be able to reproduce successfully
When populations of organisms cease to successfully breed (called reproductive isolation) they are then considered separate species.
species According to the most widely used species definition, the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed, or mate, with one another to produce viable, fertile offspring.
some proteins are involved in gene expression and include a protein which assists in synthesizing rna from dna called __________
Answer:
RNA polymerases
Explanation:
Some proteins are involved in gene expression and include a protein which assists in synthesizing rna from dna called RNA polymerases.
6. show the undergraduate researcher what a transcript from both strands would look like. (assume that all regulatory information is upstream and downstream of the known dna. assume the transcription start site is the first dna base that you know.) make sure you show all important chemical components that describe rna orientation.
For the sense strand the RNA transcript would be-
5'GGCGAAUCAUGCGCUGCCTUGUUUCCAUCAGUAGACGCGGGACUUGGUUUCAUACAUGCACGCGU-3'
RNA: what is it?Ribonucleic acid, sometimes known as 'RNA', is a nucleic acid that is present in all living cells and has characteristics similar to those of DNA. But RNA typically only contains one strand, unlike DNA.. The basis of a RNA molecule consists of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA.
Where can you find RNA?The most prevalent type of RNA in cells is ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which accounts for around 50% of the ribosomes' structure. Before migrating into cytoplasm to join with proteins and create a ribosome, it is generated in the nucleus. Transfer RNA (tRNA), with a twisted shape, is found in the cytoplasm.
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Which image would have the fastest rate of diffusion?
The image that would have the fastest rate of diffusion would be image 4.
Rate of diffusionDiffusion is the movement of molecules from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration of the same molecules.
This means that molecules diffuse down their concentration gradients and the rate of diffusion of molecules will depend on the concentration of the molecules at the lower gradient.
From the images, image 1 has a somewhat equal concentration of the molecule across the two sides. Images 2 to 4 have lower concentrations of molecules on a particular side but the image with the lowest concentration on a particular side is image 4.
Thus, image 4 will have the molecule diffusing faster than the rest of the images.
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Which of the following describes a spontaneous movement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane? Select all that apply.- Moving past other phospholipids in the extracellular leaflet- Moving past other phospholipids in the cytosolic leaflet- Moving from the extracellular leaflet tom the cytosolic leaflet- Moving from the cytosolic leaflet to the extracellular leaflet
The correct option is ;A Moving past other phospholipids in the extracellular leaflet.
Phospholipids in the lipid bilayer can migrate rotationally, laterally inside one bilayer, or transversely between bilayers. The fluid structure of the membrane is provided by lateral movement.
When phospholipids are exposed to watery conditions, they spontaneously form bilayers. The hydrophobic effect drives their assembly, so the lipids spontaneously organize themselves in a way that minimizes the hydrophobic surface area exposed to water.
Phospholipids are important membrane lipids that are made up of lipid bilayers. This fundamental cellular structure serves as a barrier to protect the cell from numerous external stresses while also allowing multiple cellular functions to occur in subcellular compartments.
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match the blood cell types to their structural characteristics. pale pink cytoplasm with fine granules; nucleus is multilobed and stains deep purple; 40-70% of wbc
A bi-lobed nucleus with sizable, eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules that stain red to pink is characteristic of eosinophils.
What occurs if the eosinophil count is high or low?It may be urgent if your eosinophil count is really high. If left untreated, it could harm several organs. Alcohol intoxication or an overproduction of cortisol, such as in Cushing's illness, can cause a low eosinophil count. The body normally produces the hormone cortisol.
What does the eosinophil count mean?Blood tests that measure eosinophils, a particular type of white blood cell, are known as absolute eosinophil counts. Your eosinophils become active when you have particular allergic diseases, infections, and other health problems.
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which of the following best explains how the pattern of dna arrangement in chromosomes could be used, in most cases, to determine if an organism was a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
Prokaryotic DNA ---> Single circular chromosome : Eukaryotic DNA ---> Multiple linear chromosomes
How to determine if an organism was a prokaryote or eukaryote?Pattern of DNA arrangement in chromosomes can be used to determine if an organism is prokaryote or eukaryote because prokaryotes and eukaryotes have different types of chromosomes. In prokaryotes, DNA is arranged in a single and circular chromosome whereas eukaryotes have multiple and linear chromosomes.
Prokaryotes lack nucleus, so the DNA is not enclosed within nuclear membrane. Instead, DNA is found in the cytoplasm, as a single, circular chromosome and this chromosome is referred to as the bacterial chromosome.
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: Which of the following best explains how the pattern of DNA arrangement in chromosomes could be used, in most cases, to determine if an organism was a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
Prokaryotic DNA--> Single circular chromosome; Eukaryotic DNA--->Multiple linear chromosomes
Prokaryotic DNA--> have multiple, linear chromosome ; Eukaryotic DNA--->DNA is arranged in a single, circular chromosome
Prokaryotic DNA--> distinct nucleus,; Eukaryotic DNA--->no nucleus
describe how you can use pcr to make point rotations in gene fragments
PCR involves using short synthetic DNA fragments called primers segment of the genome to be amplified.
How do PCR gene fragments?To increase a segment of DNA using PCR, the sample is first heated so the DNA cheapens, or the gene separates into two pieces of single-stranded DNA. Next, an enzyme called "Taq polymerase" arrange.- builds - two new strands of DNA, using the primary strand fragments as templates.
PCR gene fragments gel electrophoresis is a technique in which fragments of DNA are haul through a gel matrix by an electric current, and it breaks up DNA fragments according to size.
So we can conclude that Rather, PCR involves the union of multiple copies of certain DNA fragments utilizing an enzyme known as DNA polymerase.
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Which of the following statements describe sea urchin reproduction but not human reproduction? Check all that apply. Fertilization is almost immediately followed by a strong depolarization of the egg plasma membrane, preventing additional sperm from fusing with the egg. The egg is surrounded by a mineralized shell added before the egg exits the body. The egg is surrounded by a vitelline coat and a thick outer jelly layer.
The egg in Sea imps is girdled by a mineralized shell added before the egg exits the body to the external terrain.
The correct answer is option B.
This doesn't do in the humans because the egg doesn't leave the body but fertilized internally. Sea imps reproduce by transferring shadows of eggs and sperm into the water. Millions of naiads are formed, but only a sprinkle make it back to the oceanfront to grow into grown-ups. It may sound like a parlous life strategy. But in the ocean, it works. Nearly every beast that lives along the reinforcement — from mussels to ocean stars to some species of fish — sends its youthful on an open ocean trip before they return home to grow into grown-ups along the oceanfront. “ One of the big challenges in understanding marine life cycles is understanding how naiads do this, ” says Hodin, who's working with a exploration platoon that's trying to learn how grandiloquent ocean imps find their way home.
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The complete question is as follows:
Which of the following statements describe sea urchin reproduction but not human reproduction? Check all that apply. Fertilization is almost immediately followed by a strong depolarization of the egg plasma membrane, preventing additional sperm from fusing with the egg. The egg is surrounded by a mineralized shell added before the egg exits the body. The egg is surrounded by a vitelline coat and a thick outer jelly layer.
a. Fertilization is almost immediately followed by a strong depolarization of the egg plasma membrane, preventing additional sperm from fusing with the egg.
b. The egg is surrounded by a vitelline coat and a thick outer jelly layer.
c. The egg is surrounded by a mineralized shell added before the egg exits the body.
This artery of the foot is often palpated to assess the circulatory efficiency of the limb as a whole.
-brachial artery
-popliteal artery
-dorsalis pedis artery
-femoral artery
The artery of the foot that is often palpated to assess the circulatory efficiency of the limb is the dorsalis pedis artery. This artery is located on the top of the foot, and its pulse can be felt by pressing on the area just lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon.
Assessing the circulation of the foot is an important part of physical examination in healthcare. One way to assess circulation is to palpate the dorsalis pedis artery, which is a major artery located on the top of the foot. The pulse of this artery can be felt by pressing gently on the area just lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon.
The presence and strength of the dorsalis pedis pulse can provide valuable information about the blood flow to the lower leg and foot. A strong pulse is a good indication of normal arterial blood flow, while a weak or absent pulse may suggest arterial occlusion or other circulatory problems. Palpation of the dorsalis pedis artery is a quick, simple, and non-invasive way to assess circulation in the foot, making it a useful diagnostic tool in both primary care and emergency medicine.
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i need help plis can someone help me
The fill-in-the-blanks with appropriate words are as follows:
Most plants are Dicots. Usually, woody plants are Perennials.Most herbaceous plants are Monocots. The reason angiosperms are so successful is that they are adaptable. The period before germination is called seed dormancy. A grape is an example of fleshy fruit. What is seed dormancy?Seed dormancy may be characterized as a type of condition in which seeds are generally prevented from an event of germination even under favorable environmental conditions may occur. These favorable conditions may significantly include temperature, other mechanical restrictions, water, light, gas, and seed coats.
According to the context of this question, herbaceous plants do not have a woody stem above the ground, instead, they have a soft, green flexible stem. These types of plants are mostly biennials and annuals and perennials as well. In unfavorable seasons, the top growth dies down to the ground.
Therefore, the fill-in-the-blanks with appropriate words are well described above.
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Which one of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between infant mortality rates and replacement fertility?
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer choices
In countries with high infant mortality rates, the replacement fertility rate is higher than 2.1.
In countries with high infant mortality rates, the replacement fertility rate is lower than 2.1.
In countries with low infant mortality rates, the replacement fertility rate is higher than 2.1.
In countries with low infant mortality rates, the replacement fertility rate is always 2.1.
In countries with high infant mortality rates, the replacement fertility rate is higher than 2.1. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is the relation between infant mortality rate and replacement fertility rate?According to the child survival hypothesis, if child mortality is decreased, fertility will eventually decline as well, resulting in a decrease in population increase overall. Several factors have also been seen in people with poor socioeconomic status.
Thus, in countries with high infant mortality rates, the replacement fertility rate is higher than 2.1. Therefore, option A is correct.
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If its nucleus and DNA were missing, a plant cell would be unable to do which of the following? Select all that apply. Check All That Apply - Differentiate into a specialized cell - Divide into two daughter cells - Pass on hereditary information - Synthesize new proteins
DNA deficiency and lack of nucleation prevent DNA-free cells from dividing into two daughter cells. as a result of the nuclear matter being divided into two daughter cells and being doubled during cell division.
Since DNA is the only component of heridity that they lack, they are unable to pass on hereditary information.
They are unable to produce protein because DNA converts to RNA, which is then translated into protein during protein synthesis. Protein synthesis cannot occur in a cell that lacks DNA.
The aforementioned choices are all valid.
A cell can only transmit genetic information with the aid of DNA.Without the nucleus, cell division would not be possible.DNA assists in the creation of new proteins.Through gene expression, which is only made possible with the aid of DNA, cells differentiate.Learn more about ‘ nucleus and DNA ’ visit here;
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What might be a reason why India and China are so much more heavily populated than other countries with similar or larger geographic sizes such as the United States and Russia?
restrictive religious beliefs in Russia and the United States
forced sterilization procedures in China and India
less nutritious food in China and India
smaller base population
India and China are much more heavily populated than other countries with similar or larger geographic sizes, such as the United States and Russia, because of their smaller base population.
Why India and China are heavily populated?The reason why India and China are more heavily populated is due to their larger base population. India and China have significantly larger people than the United States and Russia, primarily due to a combination of historical, cultural, and economic factors.
Can history be a factor in a growing population in any country?Historical cultural and religious practices can influence population growth by affecting fertility rates. For example, cultural attitudes toward family planning, the role of women in society, and religious beliefs about birth control can influence fertility rates and contribute to population growth.
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fill in the blank.bone and cartilage are connective tissues that have___. bone and cartilage are connective tissues that have . large numbers of cells all fiber types except collagen ground substance that is firm or hard very small amounts of matrix
Connective tissues like bone and cartilage have Dense bone and cartilage are examples of connective tissues. huge numbers of cells, including all fiber types save collagen, and relatively little quantities of matrix.
Tendons and ligaments are composed of dense connective tissue, which has a higher density of collagen fibers. Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph are a few examples of specialized connective tissues.
The cartilage prevents the bones from rubbing against one another since it is a soft, elastic, and flexible connective tissue. There are two types of bones: compact and spongy. Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage are the three forms of cartilage.
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give reason scientific studies is important.
When activated, some receptor proteins catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another protein. Such receptor proteins are known as protein
a. esterases.
b. proteases.
c. kinases.
d. phosphatases.
e. hydrolases.
Answer:
c. kinases.
Explanation:
The receptor proteins that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another protein are known as protein kinases. Therefore, the correct option is c. kinases.
Using the Punnett square diagrams, which phenotype is controlled
by a dominant allele?
Two Generations of Pea Plant Crossings
A- Y = yellow
B- y = green
C- Y = Yellow
Answer:
The phenotype controlled by a dominant allele in this case is yellow, which is represented by the capital letter Y.
Explanation:
An allele W, for white wool, is dominant over allele w, for black wool. In a sample of 900 sheep, 891 are white and 9 are black. Calculate the allelic frequencies within this population, assuming that the population is in H-W equilibrium. In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive homozygote genotype of a certain trait is 0.09. Calculate the percentage of individuals homozygous for the dominant allele. 9. In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 38 % of the individuals are recessive homozygotes for a certain trait. In a population of 14,500, calculate the percentage of homozygous dominant individuals and heterozygous individuals. 10.
In a population of 14,500 people, there would be roughly 2,090 homozygous dominant people (14,500 x 0.1444) and 6,857 heterozygous people (14,500 x 0.4724).
The probability of the recessive homozygote genotype in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population is q2, where q is the frequency of the recessive allele. We can find q by taking the square root of 0.09, which is 0.3. The dominant gene (p) has a frequency of 1-q, which equals 0.7.
We use the equation p2 = p2 to determine the percentage of people who are homozygous for the dominant allele (p2), which is (0.7)2 = 0.49. As a result, 49% of people are homozygous for the dominant gene.
The probability of the recessive homozygote genotype in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population is q2, which is 0.38. We can find q by taking the square root of 0.38, which is 0.62. The dominant gene (p) has a frequency of 1-q, which equals 0.38.
We use the equation p2 = p2 to determine the percentage of homozygous dominant individuals (p2), which is (0.38)2 = 0.1444, or 14.44%.
The percentage of heterozygous people (2pq) is calculated using the equation 2pq = 2(0.38) (0.62) = 0.4724, or 47.24%.
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where do the light independent reactions of photosynthesis take placehow does the electron transport train of photosystem 2 get en energized electron
The light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membrane
The electron transport train of photosystem 2 get en energized electron is from light at a wavelength of 680 nm.
Photosynthesis is a process of chemical reactions carried out by plants to produce food. The main raw materials for plants to carry out photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and chlorophyll with the help of sunlight.
Photosynthesis consists of two stages, namely the light reactions that occur in the thylakoid inner membrane and the light and dark reactions. The light reaction is the first reaction in photosynthesis, and in this reaction light energy is converted into ATP and NADPH. Organic molecules in the form of photosystem II on the thylakoid inner membrane get energy from light at a wavelength of 680 nm which is captured by chlorophyll a. The light-sensitive chlorophyll a at P680 absorbs light, high energy electrons are then released and captured by photosystem 2.
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1) In some species very few eggs are
produced by the females. Which
reproductive pattern is most
characteristic of these species?
In the case of species where very few eggs are produced by the females the reproductive pattern that is most characteristic of these species is Internal fertilization followed by internal embryonic development.
What is the process of internal fertilization followed by internal embryonic development?Internal fertilization and internal embryonic development make reference to a type of sexual reproduction involving fertilization within the body of the female,
Therefore, with this data, we can see that internal fertilization and internal embryonic development are crucial reproductive phenomena which are used by different species in order to generate offspring.
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Athletes eat large meals containing carbohydrates and fat when they are in training but their body weight (mass) remains nearly constant. Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens to most of the mass consumed? A) It is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). B) It is released as carbon dioxide and water. C) It is converted to energy.
Option B is Correct. When they are training, athletes consume a lot of food, primarily carbohydrates and fat, but their mass (body weight) stays pretty much the same.
This happens to the majority of the mass consumed is accurately described by the following statements: it is released as carbon dioxide and water.
Due to the more glycogen (a type of stored carbohydrate) in the muscles and liver, a diet heavy in carbohydrates improves both endurance and intermittent high-intensity performance. It's advised that athletes putting in more than 180 minutes of daily moderate- to high-intensity endurance activity take 8 to 12 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight (Burke et al., 2011; with Thomas at et al., 2016).
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Practice identifying each region of the bacterial cell. Match each label to the correct cell wall component
Page 136 Figure 5.10
A differential stain called as the Gram stain can be used in the lab to differentiate between the two specific cell wall types. It was created in 1884 and has been use ever since.
How many walls do bacteria's cell walls have?Peptidoglycan makes up the clearly defined cell wall of bacteria. It shields the germs from the environment outside and has the potential to make them pathogenic. In the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, there are two layers: an inner peptidoglycan layer and an outside lipopolysaccharide layer.
What is an example of a cell wall?Plants, fungi, protists—particularly moulds and algae—and the majority of bacteria—with the exception of mycoplasma and L-form bacteria—are examples of creatures with cell walls. Cell walls are absent in both heterotrophic protists and animals.
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The correct question is
Practice identifying each region of the bacterial cell. Match each label to the correct cell wall component
which of the following forms of stress management originated as a form of self-defense? group of answer choices krav maga yoga tai chi taekwondo
Tai chi is the forms of stress management originated as a form of self-defense.
In general , Tai Chi is considered as the one of the best known martial arts of the Internal systems that is developed in ancient China. This is usually originated from the system of Qigong and martial art techniques developed gradually from thousands of years ago, Chen Wangting was the one who developed Chen Style Tai Chi around 1670.
Hence , tai chi is not only high form of Chinese martial art, but it is also beginning of the popularity of the Chinese Taoist culture and Buddhism culture.
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Which organisms are the main primary producers in soft-bottom
subtidal communities?
Answer: infaunal (burrowing) invertebrates such as polychaete worms.
Explanation: Most soft-bottom subtidal communities are dominated by infaunal (burrowing) invertebrates such as polychaete worms. However, other organisms such as crustaceans, echinoderms, and mollusks may be locally abundant.
Active transport is the process of
A. moving water through aquaporins
B. Moving substances down the concentration gradient
C. Assisting substances across the cell membrane with pores
D. Moving substances against the concentration gradient
Please help
Active transport is the process of moving substances against the concentration gradient. Therefore, the correct option is D.
What is active transport?Active transport is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, against the concentration gradient.
This process requires the input of energy, usually in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and is often carried out by specialized proteins embedded in the cell membrane called pumps.Therefore, the correct option is D.
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A eukaryotic transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that
A. there are termination exons near the beginning of mRNA.
B. many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in eukaryotic DNA.
C. there is redundancy in the genetic code.
D. many nucleotides are needed to code for each amino acid.
Eukaryotic transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids, this is best explained by fact that :A)many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA.
What is meant by transcription?The process of copying segment of DNA into RNA is known as transcription.
Transcription unit in eukaryotes includes the region that code for mRNA extending from 5' cap site to the 3' poly-A site. It also include controlling regions. mRNA formed by transcription also has some non-coding intervening sequences and these are called introns. Introns are removed from primary transcripts by process of splicing that occurs after transcription.
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brenda and her brother, brook, developed from separate fertilized eggs. they are twins. please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices same-sex fraternal opposite-sex identical same-sex identical opposite-sex fraternal
The correct option is b) opposite sex fraternal twins. When two eggs and two sperm are fertilized at the same time, they can grow into siblings called fraternal twins. As a result, they are formed at the same time, grow at the same time, and deliver around the same time.
The ability to distinguish between hereditary and environmental influences in genome-wide association studies has improved thanks to a simulation study, but there is still work to be done before this issue can be considered "solved." Twin studies make it possible to separate the shared genetic and environmental variables that contribute to the desired trait. Researchers can calculate the percentage of a trait's variance that can be attributed to genetic variation versus the percentage that can be attributed to common or unshared environments.
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Full Question ;
Brenda and Brock developed from separate fertilized eggs. They are: a) opposite sex identical twins. b) opposite sex fraternal twins. c) same sex identical twins. d) same sex fraternal twins