Assume all angles to be exact A light beam traveling upward in a plastic material with an index of refraction of 160 is incident on an upper horizontal air interface At certain angles of incidence, the light is not transmitted into airThe cause of this reflection refraction total internal reflection

Answers

Answer 1

At incident angles greater than 39.8 degrees, the light beam would undergo total internal reflection and not pass through the interface into the air.

When a light beam traveling in a material encounters an interface with another material, the direction of the light can be affected. The amount of refraction or bending of the light depends on the difference in the indices of refraction between the two materials. The index of refraction is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material.

If the incident angle of the light beam is such that the angle of refraction in the second material exceeds 90 degrees, total internal reflection occurs. This means that the light beam is completely reflected back into the original material and does not pass through the interface into the second material.

In this scenario, a light beam is traveling upward in a plastic material with an index of refraction of 1.60 and encounters an upper horizontal air interface. As the angle of incidence increases, the angle of refraction in the air also increases. At a certain angle of incidence, the angle of refraction in the air would exceed 90 degrees, causing the light to undergo total internal reflection and not pass through the interface into the air.

This critical angle of incidence, at which the angle of refraction equals 90 degrees, can be calculated using Snell's law, which relates the angles and indices of refraction of the two materials. The critical angle is given by[tex]$\theta_c = \sin^{-1}(n_2/n_1)$[/tex], where [tex]$n_1$[/tex] is the index of refraction of the first material (plastic in this case) and [tex]$n_2$[/tex] is the index of refraction of the second material (air in this case). Substituting the given values, we get [tex]$\theta_c = \sin^{-1}(1/1.60) \approx 39.8$[/tex] degrees.

Therefore, at incident angles greater than 39.8 degrees, the light beam would undergo total internal reflection and not pass through the interface into the air. This phenomenon of total internal reflection has applications in optical fibers and other optical devices.

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Related Questions

What is the volume of the water in the graduated cylinder gizmo Student Volume Lab Sheet (cm3 and mL)

Answers

Answer:

The volume of water in the graduated cylinder will be equal to the calculated volume of the sphere.

Explanation:

The volume of solid objects can be measured by completely immersing these solids in an overflow faucet filled to brim with a liquid in which the solid does not dissolve. This is known as the displacement method. When water is used, it is known as water displacement method.

In the Volume Lab Sheet, a sphere whose volume has been pre-calculated is immersed in the overflow faucet containing water. The displaced water is collected in a beaker and the volume is obtained using a 50 mL measuring cylinder.

The volume of a  sphere is calculated using the following formula:

Vsphere =  4πr³/ 3

The symbol π represents the number pi, which is about 3.14. The letter r stands for the  radius of the sphere, which is the distance from the center of a sphere to its surface. The  radius is exactly half of the diameter, which is the distance across the sphere through its center.

The volume of the water in the measuring cylinder is found to be equal to the calculated volume of the sphere. This is because an object immersed completely in a liquid displaces a volume of liquid equal to its own volume.

is the number of paper clips in step 2 the same as the number of paper clips in step 3? why do/don't you think so?​

Answers

We can’t see steps two or three so there isn’t a way to give you the answer that you need

The number of paper clips in step 2 is the same as the number of paper clips in step 3 is a true statement, as the mass is the same for both.

What is mass?

It is possible to define every mechanical quantity in terms of mass, length, and time. The SI unit for mass, denoted by the letter m, is the kilogram. While mass is typically thought of as an immutable feature of an item, relativistic mass must be taken into account when traveling at speeds close to the speed of light.

Given:

The mas of the paper clips are the same,

Assume the number of clips in step two is x and the mass is m, the mass in the third step is the same as in step 2,

Thus, the number of clips = Total mass of paper clip / mass of one clip,

The number of clips = m / x

As we can see, if the mass is equal, then the number of clips will also be equal.

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An object can have forces acting upon it, but might not accelerate

True
or
False?

Answers

Answer:

true

Explanation:

if you apply force to the top of a square it will not move

Is there a difference in how a black shirt or a white shirt affects our exposure to us radiation?

Answers

There is a difference of exposure to radiation to a black shirt and a white shirt but I think the difference is so insignificant that it’s not even considered different. The effects of radiation wearing a dark colored shirt on a sunny day to humans is probably not significantly different enough to warrant not wearing your favorite band tee out of fear you will get radiation poisoning.
But there is definitely a difference in heat. If you insist on wearing a black shirt and you want to avoid having a heat stroke then you should probably consider bringing water, maybe an extra shirt and sun screen if you have to be outside for more than 10-15 minutes.
Under the sun, the black shirt absorbs all wavelengths (more light). A white shirt reflects the visible light that hits it.
heat follows the same laws of conservation of light energy. This means light energy and heat cannot be created or destroyed. The light and heat has to go somewhere.
The light doesn’t cause the heat but they follow the same rules so instead of visually seeing the lack of light, you feel the heat energy that is being absorbed by your shirt.
you are exposed to the same amount of radiation wearing a black shirt as you are the white shirt. The difference is the “color” (because some people don’t consider black and white a color) and how light reacts to it.

I hope I was able to help!! This was a great question :)!!


Explain why it is better to jump and land with bent knees rather than straight legs? Use key physics vocabulary.

Answers

Answer:

Bent knees

Explanation:

Depending the height your jumping from, if you were jumping from a high structure it's best if you jump and land on knees so you dont sprang your ankles from jumping and landing on your straight legs, you could even pull a muscle if you land on straight legs.

4. A group of students made a rocket and launched it vertically upwards with velocity
of 27ms^-1. What is the total distance travelled by the
rocket?

[Assume g=10ms^2]​

Answers

Answer:

Approximately [tex]72.9\; \rm m[/tex], assuming that the rocket had no propulsion onboard, and that air resistance on the rocket is negligible.

Explanation:

Initial velocity of this rocket: [tex]u = 27\; \rm m\cdot s^{-1}[/tex].

When the rocket is at its maximum height, the velocity of the rocket would be equal to [tex]0[/tex]. That is: [tex]v = 0\; \rm m \cdot s^{-1}[/tex].  

The acceleration of the rocket (because of gravity) is constantly downwards, with a value of [tex]a = -g = -10\; \rm m \cdot s^{-2}[/tex].

Let [tex]x[/tex] denote the distance that the rocket travelled from the launch site to the place where it attained maximum height. The following equation would relate [tex]x \![/tex] to [tex]u[/tex], [tex]v[/tex], and [tex]a[/tex]:

[tex]\displaystyle x = \frac{v^2 - u^2}{2\, a}[/tex].

Apply this equation to find the value of [tex]x[/tex]:

[tex]\begin{aligned} x &= \frac{v^2 - u^2}{2\, a} \\ &= \frac{\left(0\; \rm m\cdot s^{-1}\right)^{2} - \left(27\; \rm m \cdot s^{-1}\right)^{2}}{2 \times 10\; \rm m \cdot s^{-2}} = 36.45\; \rm m\end{aligned}[/tex].

In other words, the maximum height that this rocket attained would be [tex]36.45\; \rm m[/tex].

Again, assume that the air resistance on this rocket is negligible. The rocket would return to the ground along the same path, and would cover a total distance of [tex]2\times 36.45\; \rm m = 72.9\; \rm m[/tex].

Calculate the momentum of a 1kg box moving at a velocity of 50 m/s.

Answers

the momentum = m * v

m : mass

v : velocity

momentum = 1 * 50 = 50 kg.m/s

in root pass welding, that electrode we are going to use?​

Answers

Answer:

The root pass is made with a 5/32” (4.0mm) diameter electrode. A cellulosic electrode (E-XX10) is being used. The root pass is welded with reverse (DC+) polarity.

Explanation:

In root pass welding, that electrode we are going to use cellulosic electrode (E-XX10).

What is root pass welding?

Short arc welding is commonly used for root pass welding to prevent blow through and overheating at the weld joint. Because there is less drooping and suck back, short arc welding is also commonly used on root pass joints.

The first pass in any welding process that combines two pieces or members into one structure is referred to as the root pass.

Subsequent passes raise the weld depth to the desired thickness, resulting in the required strength. The first pass usually serves as the foundation for subsequent filler passes.

A 5/32" (4.0mm) diameter electrode is used for the root pass. A cellulosic electrode (E-XX10) is being used. The root pass is welded with reverse (DC+) polarity.

Thus, cellulosic electrode (E-XX10) for this.

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Where did Ford first see parts made from vanadium steel?​ What properties of this steel impressed Ford? Did Ford need to overcome any problems before going ahead with his plan?

Answers

Explanation:

Historical sources believe that Henry Ford first saw parts made from vanadium steel in Europe which were been used on racing cars and luxurious vehicles.

Ford was impressed due to the fact that Vanadium steel unlike normal steel was cheaper and at the same time stronger and lighter if it was used on automobiles.

One scientist suggests that out of the different possible locations, they should design the model and build it at the equator recieves the most intense solar radiation. Which if the following is the most appropriate critique for the scientist's suggestion?
A. Earth's equator is not hot enough to simulate the Martian daytime.
B. The high mountain top gets the same amount of radiation as the equator, but with atmospheric conditions that are more similar to Mars.
C. The equator has deserts that are actually too dry compared to Mars.
D. The Antarctica has the same nighttime temperature as Mars, but with a similar amount of ice compared to the equator.​

Answers

Answer:

B.

I think.

Explanation:

Mars doesn't have that much of an atmosphere!

Have a great day!

What is one enThe law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. What does “conservation” mean in this law?ergy transformation that is taking place in the photo?

Answers

Answer:

The preservation of a physical quantity during transformations or reactions.

Explanation:

Identifying Applications of Electromagnetic Waves
Quick
Check
Match the electromagnetic wave with its application.
ultraviolet waves
disruption of DNA production in bacteria
and viruses
gamma rays
destruction of cancer cells
X-rays
diagnosis of illnesses through medical
imaging

Answers

Answer:

gamma ray-destruction of cancer cells

Ultraviolet wave-disruption of DNA

X-ray-diagnosis of illnesses through medical

Explanation: on edg

Answer:

Here

Explanation:

An orbiting satellite experiences no force due to the Earth's
gravity.

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

The statement "An orbiting satellite experiences no force due to the Earth's gravity." is a False statement. This is further explained below.

What is Gravity?

Generally, Gravity is simply defined as the force that pulls items toward the center of a planet or other entity.

In conclusion, an orbiting satellite experiences force due to the Earth's gravity.

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tartaric acid is present in spinach true or false ​

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

because Oxalic acid is present in spinach

MARK ME AS BRAINLIST

20 POINTS! PLZ HELP ME. :-)

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Because both the elements are non-metals

friction is a:
A.balance force
B.unbalance force
C.type of motion
D.type of direction

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

becaz its motion and without motion u cant get friction

Answer:

A

Explanation:

hope this helps

mark me brainlist

Why can videos be streamed from one computer to another with excellent quality?

Answers

Answer:

(d) they are transmitted using digital signals

Explanation:

i just did the quiz an got it right

Answer:they are transmitted using digital signals

Explanation:

The angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray from a mirror is 720.
Find the angle of incidence.

Answers

Answer:

when a ray of light is incident normally on a plane mirror the angle between incident and reflected ray is 0 degree or 180 degree

Explanation:

pls help i’ll give brainliest if you give a correct answer!!

Answers

Answer:

South ....................

Answer:

South ;)

Explanation:

I just did it .

Which of the scientist responsible for cell theory would be the most likely to write a book titled Cells Come from Cells

Answers

Answer:

Rudolf Virchow

Explanation:

popularized the cell theory in an 1855 essay entitled “Cellular Pathology.” (b) The idea that all cells originate from other cells was first published in 1852 by his contemporary and former colleague Robert Remak (1815–1865).

Explanation:

Rudolf Virchow

-Rudolf Virchow would be the most likely to write a book titled 'Cells Come From Cells' because in cell theory he added a point that 'All cells arises from pre-existing cells. ' which means that all cells come from another cells which is as similar as the title of the book

Which of the following waves has the longest wavelength? Group of answer choices a.ultraviolet b.gamma c.visible light d.microwaves

Answers

Answer: visible light

Explanation:

What is another term that refers to foodborne illness?

Answers

What the other person said !!

Pick all the right ones !!

Answers

Ok it’s this.... wait your the he that got with my bf !!!

uses of electromagnetic wave​

Answers

Radio waves - used for communication e.g. radios and TVs

Microwaves - used for cooking food and for satellite communications

Infrared light - used by electrical heaters and infrared cameras

Ultraviolet radiation - kills bacteria - sterilises water and makes it safe to drink and produces vitamin D - good for skin

if the 50 kg object slows down to a velocity of 1 m/s how much kinetic energy does it have 100j 50j 25j or none

Answers

[tex]ek = \frac{1}{2}m {v}^{2} [/tex]

[tex]ek = \frac{1}{2}(50) {(1)}^{2} [/tex]

[tex]ek = \frac{1}{2}(50)[/tex]

[tex]ek = 25j[/tex]

//

I'm not really sure but I do know that it's not 0 because the object is still moving, even if it's only moving at 1 m/s.

2x+1-2x=8. solve this problem math

Answers

Answer:

x=7

Explanation:

2x+1-2x=8

or,2x-2x=8-1

x=7

2
Type the correct answer in the box
A car has a mass of 1,000 kilograms. The weight of the car is
nenors. Use g*98 Nike for granty
Reset
Ben

Answers

Answer:

Weight = 9800Newton

Explanation:

Given the following data;

Mass of car = 1000kg

Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s²

To find the weight of the car;

Weight is given by the formula;

Weight = mass * acceleration due to gravity

Substituting into the equation, we have;

Weight = 1000*9.8

Weight = 9800Newton

There is a scale with a basket on it. A brick, brick #1 is placed on the scale. The brick has a mass of 10 kg. What are the two forces acting on the brick?

Answers

Answer:

Weight and reaction.

Explanation:

With respect to Newton's third law of motion, action and reaction have equal magnitude but acts in opposite direction.

Thus, the brick of mass 10 kg has its weight (due to gravitational pull of the earth), which acts downwards through its center of mass. This makes the scale to produce an opposing force of equal magnitude, which acts upwards. These two forces acting in opposite directions balancing each other.

The two forces acting on the brick are: its weight and the reaction from the scale.

Where do electrons spend most of their time?

Answers

Answer:

around the nuclei of each atom

Explanation:

Answer:

Before bonding, the atom's electrons spend most of their time around the nuclei of each atom.

Explanation:

Once bonded, the electrons spend most of their time between the two nuclei.

what is the wavelength of these waves???

Answers

Answer:

The wavelength is 6 meters.

Explanation:

Other Questions
Select all the true statements. Group of answer choices In the transition series, atomic size across a period decreases at first but then remains relatively constant. First ionization energy values generally increase down a transition group. Ionic bonding is more prevalent for the higher oxidation states and covalent bonding is more prevalent for the lower states. The transition elements in a period show a steady increase in electronegativity. The highest oxidation state of elements in Groups 3A through 7B is 3 Suppose you were running a bakery, how would you deal with these four key characteristics of services in your operations namelyINTANGIBILITYINSEPARABILITYVARIABILITYPERISHABILITY which of the following statements about a company's culture is false?Once a company's culture becomes strongly implanted, the values, behaviors, and ways of doing things are like crabgrass: deeply rooted and hard to weed out.The longer people stay at an organization, the more that they come to embrace and mirror the corporate culture--their values and beliefs tend to be molded by mentors, fellow workers, company training programs, and the reward structure.It takes months to initiate the development of a culture and many more months for a new culture's shallow roots to begin growing and start influencing behavior; and it can take years, sometimes even decades, for cultural values and behaviors to become deeply ingrained and have a major impact on how a company operates.The values, beliefs, and practices that undergird a company's culture can originate with a founder or certain strong leaders and/or stem from exemplary actions on the part of company personnel and/or be the product of evolving consensus about "how we ought to do things around here."A company's culture, once established, tends to remain stable and entrenched over time. Calculate G for each reaction at 298K using Gf values. (a) BaO(s) + CO2(g) BaCO3(s) 1 kJ (b) H2(g) + I2(s) 2 HI(g) 2 kJ (c) 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s) 3 kJ Please explain every step and what the delta Gf values are I need help with my work rq What type of medication would the nurse use in combination with mydriatics to dilate the patient's pupil?a. NSAIDsb. Cycloplegicsc. Anti-infectivesd. Corticosteroids the frequency response of a glp filter can be expressed as hd() = r()e j(m) where r() is a real function. for each of the following filters, determine whether it is a glp filter Alkanes with _____ to _____ carbons are found in straight run gasolineA 2 to 3B 5 to 12C 1 to 5D 9 to 15E 20 to 60 Rdigez un paragraphe argument (paragraphe o on donne son avis puis on le justifie) pour rpondre la question suivante : Vers quel personnage va votre sympathie et pour quelles raisons ? (8 lignes minimum) sa majest des mouche (4me) Pouvez-vous maider rdiger.. 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But let us examine the concept more carefully to see if it can be reconciled with good civil government and safety for the citizens. We see from the example of the French Republic that a national, democratic form of government can only provide liberty if the word is taken to mean the freedom to simply act upon ones appetites and desires. But true Christian liberty, properly understood, means something quite different: to be free to live according to both divine and human laws. In other words, it is to live free to follow your conscience and free of any trouble with the authorities. Seen in this light, the new French system of liberty is a path leading to destruction, confusion, overturning of good government, or, simply speaking, a new ambush of the devil to lead us Orthodox Christians astray."Anthimos, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem [then part of the Ottoman Empire], Paternal Instruction, leaflet printed in Greek for distribution among Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire, 1798Source 2"I address you in Hungarian today* because reviving our language is like cleansing the mirror of our history, so that the flies buzzing around may not deprive us of its light. It is a sad fate for a nation to perishespecially a nation such as ours that can boast of brilliant feats and that has only sunk to its present condition through the bitter workings of fate.It is of no use to try to accept with stern philosophy, common sense, and cold blood that all men are equal in everything, that the whole human race is a single nation. No! We are national beings and we were raised with our Hungarian selves that way, so that we can never be Germans, or French, or Poles, or Spaniards. We long for glory in this life as Hungarian sons of the Hungarian nation and, in the next, we pray that the angels of the heavens may know us as Hungarians.It is time for the mind of the Hungarian nation to be clarified through a revival of our mother-tongue. How can our educated classes study the languages of Europe, if we are forgetting our own? How could we lift up our people, most of whom live in the countryside, if we cannot offer them books to read in the language they speak? What we urgently need is a group of scholars who would be paid solely to translate works from Latin, French, German, and Greek into Hungarianthis would do more good for the refinement of the countrys mind than a thousand Latin and German schools."*At the time, many educated Hungarians preferred to communicate in German, the language of the Austrian Empire of which Hungary was a part.Gyrgy Bessenyei, Hungarian writer, "Oration on the Subject Matter of the Nation," essay published in 1817Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the views expressed in the two sources?Source 1 assumes that people are fundamentally rational and capable of being persuaded by rational arguments, whereas Source 2 assumes that people are fundamentally irrational and motivated by instincts and passions.Source 1 asserts that liberty is synonymous with individual freedom of action, whereas Source 2 asserts that true liberty involves a collective obligation to act in the best interests of the community.Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior.Source 1 argues that members of the elite should follow the democratically expressed will of the people, whereas Source 2 argues that members of the elite should lead and lift up the people by providing them with education. what is the value of x2 y2 ? (1) x + y = 2x (2) x y = 0 In order for complete consensus to occur, some personal differences must be surrendered for the overall well-being of the group. A. True B. False Group of answer choices according to the theory of erik erikson, the search for ______is the primary developmental challenge of the teenage years, and this "crisis" extends through adolescence and into young adulthood. because she is a psychiatrist, paula has completed a mental health residency in a medical school. T/F what is required for natural selection to occur? i. acquired characteristics ii. advantageous characteristics iii. genetic variation Use the Euler method to find the linear spline of approximate solutions to the initial value problem 1 y) = (0) = 1. ()' constructed in the interval [0, 1.5), with time step At = 0.5. This spline is determined by the points {(trys). 0 . = Yo = 1 11 = 0.5 . YI = 1.5 12 - M 1 y2 = 1.5+(1/1.5)*.5 . M 5 = What is an unexpected product that comes from petroleum? Question 5 options: crayons DVDs deodorant all of the above products come from petroleum. a scientist wants to study how short pieces of dna on the lagging strand are joined together by dna ligase. what is she studying? radiocarbon dating is accurate up to 75000 years why would radio potassium be more accurate for a longer date rangfe