Answer: If a competitive firm is producing where price (P) and marginal revenue (MR) are greater than marginal cost (MC) and average variable cost (AVC), it means that the firm is making a profit. In this situation, the firm has an incentive to increase its output level in the short run.
In a perfectly competitive market, the firm's price is equal to its marginal revenue, which is equal to its marginal cost. When P and MR are greater than MC and AVC, it means that the firm is earning positive economic profits. To maximize these profits, the firm will increase its output until the point where MC equals MR.
At this point, any further increase in output would result in a decrease in profit, as MC would be greater than MR. Therefore, the firm will choose an output level where P, MR, MC, and AVC are all equal, ensuring that the firm is maximizing its short-run profits.
A box slides down an inclined plane 37° above the horizontal. The mass of the block, m, is 35 kg, the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.3 and the length of the ramp, d, is 8 m. (a) How much work is done by gravity? (b) How much work is done by the normal force? (c) How much work is done by friction? (d) What is the total work done?(1690J; 0; -671J; 1019J)
The principle states that an object's change in kinetic energy is equal to the net work done on it. The box's kinetic energy is constant since it is moving down the ramp at a constant speed.
What forces are at play when a box slides down an inclined plane?On an inclination, the box is slipping. As a result, there is kinetic friction between the plane and the box. As the box moves downward on the plane, static friction causes the plane to rise. The box's weight exerts downward pressure, while the usual response force exerts upward pressure.
MGD*SIN = W gravity
W gravity = 35 kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 8 m x sin (37°) = 1689.64 J 1690 J
Frictional work is indicated by:
W friction is calculated as follows: -f k*d f k 35 kg 9.8 m/s2 sin(37°) 337.98 N
W friction is equal to -f k*d -337.98 N * 8 m -671.96 J -671 J.
W total equals W gravity plus W friction.
When we substitute the values we computed, we obtain:
W total = 1019 J - 1690 J - 671 J
As a result, the total amount of work is roughly 1019 J.
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Margot, a poetry teacher, hopes to shape her students' poetry skills so that they become progressively better over the course of writing three poems. On the first poem, she provides each student with extensive positive and negative feedback. On the second poem, she has less time for grading and only gives students a letter grade and a few positive notes. Given this feedback, how are students likely to perform on the next and final poem?
a. The poems will be of worse quality than the first two submissions.
b. Many students will not submit a third and final poem.
c. The poems will be of better quality than the first two submissions.
d. The poems will be of similar quality to the first two submissions.
Answer:
Explanation:
Based on research on feedback and motivation, the answer is likely (c) the poems will be of better quality than the first two submissions.
Studies have shown that feedback can be most effective when it is specific, timely, and focused on the task rather than the person. Margot's extensive positive and negative feedback on the first poem likely provided students with specific and useful information to improve their poetry skills. This feedback, combined with the motivation to improve, is likely to lead to better quality poems on the second submission.
Furthermore, providing a letter grade and a few positive notes on the second poem can still provide some motivation and direction for students to improve their poetry skills further. As long as the feedback is constructive and focused on the task rather than the person, it is likely to lead to continued improvement in the final poem.
Overall, the feedback that Margot provides to her students, along with their motivation to improve, is likely to lead to better quality poems over time.
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12. The writer is considering deleting the underlined subordinate clause in sentence 1 (reproduced below), adjusting the punctuation as necessary.
Given the failure of global corporations to clean up their palm oil supply chains so far, and the resulting massive devastation this has caused to tropical rainforests, there is no reason to believe that companies will amend their ways, especially since the demand for palm oil is expected to increase sixfold by 2050.
Should the writer keep or delete the underlined text?
A. Keep it, because it contains the writer’s personal conclusions about the future of palm oil.
B. Keep it, because it balances the writer’s assumption that companies have failed in the past.
C. Keep it, because it provides support for the writer’s lack of faith in global corporations.
D. Delete it, because it contradicts the writer’s assertion that the future of palm oil is grim.
E. Delete it, because it interrupts the writer’s line of reasoning about tropical rainforests.
13. The writer wants to add a sentence before sentence 1 to provide factual support for the introductory claim and focus the audience on the argument of the passage. Which of the following sentences best accomplishes this purpose?
A. In 2020, the World Wildlife Fund issued a scorecard rating 173 of the largest food brands on their progress toward making palm oil deforestation-free, noting that some have made limited progress.
B. In a landmark report, Greenpeace, the Rainforest Action Network, and Mighty Earth have revealed that four hundred companies, including the biggest brands, have broken their commitment to switch to deforestation-free palm oil by 2020.
C. In response to the growing concern over the deforestation wrought by palm oil harvesting, the Consumer Goods Forum formed a global coalition of four hundred consumer goods retailers and manufacturers, including some of the largest in the world.
D. According to the Rainforest Action Network, corporations that use palm oil in their products have increased transparency about their supply chains since 2010, but transparency should be improved to indicate the exact source of the palm oil.
E. The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil was formed to monitor palm oil production and to certify compliant harvesters, but in 2018 it was denounced as a “con,” creating a global backlash.
14. In context, which version of sentence 4 (reproduced below) most effectively explains why oil palms are "an efficient and lucrative crop,” as mentioned in sentence 3?
The trees grow year-round, which means their oil can be harvested year-round.
A. (As it is now)
B. The trees grow year-round and have the highest yield per acre of any oil seed, thus allowing growers to maximize land usage and produce more saleable product.
C. Since palm oil has become an increasingly popular commodity, it has also become an increasingly profitable crop to produce and sell.
D. Palm tree growers can capitalize on year-round palm oil harvests, so it is surprising that palm oil production has only recently seen this rise in popularity.
E. Palm tree growers avoid the seasonal fluctuations that other growers face, which means they face fewer production obstacles.
Answer: 12. C. Keep it, because it provides support for the writer’s lack of faith in global corporations.
The subordinate clause in sentence 1 provides additional evidence to support the writer's lack of faith in global corporations. It explains the reason for the writer's conclusion that there is no reason to believe that companies will change their ways in the future, even though they have failed to clean up their palm oil supply chains so far. The clause helps to build a stronger argument by providing specific details about the negative impact of the failure of these corporations on tropical rainforests.
13. B. In a landmark report, Greenpeace, the Rainforest Action Network, and Mighty Earth have revealed that four hundred companies, including the biggest brands, have broken their commitment to switch to deforestation-free palm oil by 2020.
The purpose of the added sentence is to provide factual support for the introductory claim and focus the audience on the argument of the passage. The sentence selected (B) does this effectively by presenting the results of a landmark report that highlights the failure of companies, including the biggest brands, to switch to deforestation-free palm oil. This information sets the stage for the writer's argument that the future of palm oil is grim.
14. B. The trees grow year-round and have the highest yield per acre of any oil seed, thus allowing growers to maximize land usage and produce more saleable product.
The most effective version of sentence 4 (B) explains why oil palms are "an efficient and lucrative crop" by specifying the reasons why they are so profitable. The sentence explains that the trees grow year-round and have the highest yield per acre of any oil seed, allowing growers to maximize land usage and produce more saleable product. This information provides a clear and specific explanation for why palm oil is such an efficient and lucrative crop, which supports the idea mentioned in sentence 3.