Answer the following questions about the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene:

a. How many transition states are there?
b. How many intermediates are there?
c. Which step in the forward direction has the smallest rate constant?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a) there are three transition states

b) there are two intermediates; carbocation and protonated alcohol

c) The first step in the forward direction

Explanation:

The acid-catalysed hydration of alkenes proceeds via a carbocation mechanism.

Three transition states can be identified in this mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes.

The three transition states are derived from the three steps in the reaction sequence:

1) Protonation of the alkene by hydronium ion

2) Addition of water to the carbocation

3) loss of a proton to yield the alcohol

The first step involves the breaking of a pi bond, hence it is a slow step hence it has the smallest rate constant. The other two steps are fast steps.


Related Questions

Determine the amount of moles of SiO2 needed to produce 4.80g of CO.
SiO2(s) + _C(s) — _SiC(s) + I co(g)



A)134 mol
B)0.171 mol
C)67.2 mol
D) 0.0857 mol

Answers

mol(SiO₂) mol(C) mol(SiC) mol(CO)
Row 1: 0.8 x 10 0.9 x 10 0.3 x 10 0.6 x 10
Row 2: 0.2 x 10 0.6 x 10 0.2 x 10 0.4 x 10
Row 3: 8.0 2.4 x 10 8.0 1.6 x 10
Row 4: 2.8 8.4 2.8 5.6
Row 5: 0.816 2.45 0.816 1.63

Read each situation carefully. Write how energy transformation occurs in each situation. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.


1. Gerald just finish his work out at the gym. He ran at the park for 30 minutes and got very sweaty. What energy transformation took place while he was running?



2. Joshua was very hungry when he got home from the school. He decided to make some popcorn in the microwave. What energy transformation allowed Joshua's popcorn to pop?



3. Jeremy shaves every week using a battery powered shaver. What energy transformation shows how the shaver works?



4. Rica studies her lesson before going to bed at night. She makes use of a lampshade in studying her lessons. What energy transformation occurs when she plugged in the lamp shade and turned it on?



5. Dennis used to watch his favorite cartoon character every saturday using the smart television. What energy transformation occurs on the television?



[tex]tysm \: in \: advance[/tex]





Answers

Answer:

1. Mechanical energy

2. Thermal energy

3. electric energy to mechanical energy

4. electrical energy to light

5. electric energy into sound energy and radiant energy

Explanation:

which force holds distant stars and other matter together?

Answers

Answer:

Gravity is the force that holds everything in the universe together.

Hope that helps!

It is pretty simple, it is Gravity is the powerful force that glues our universe together. Gravity helped form our solar system, the planets, and the stars. I hope i could help you, can I get brainlist pls?

Element “X” is a brand new element. Scientists discovered that 80% of the atoms of element
“X” have a mass number of 10 amu and the other 20% have a mass of 11 amu. What is the avg.
atomic mass of element "X"?

Answers

Answer:

Average atomic mass of X is 10.2 amu.

Explanation:

Given data:

Percentage abundance of X-10 = 80%

Percentage abundance of X-11 = 20%

Average atomic mass of X = ?

Solution:

Average atomic mass of X = (abundance of 1st isotope × its atomic mass) +(abundance of 2nd isotope × its atomic mass)  / 100

Average atomic mass of \X = (80×10)+(20×11) /100

Average atomic mass of X =  800 + 220 / 100

Average atomic mass of \X = 1020 / 100

Average atomic mass of X  = 10.2 amu

How do you find the volume of a linear object?

Answers

By googling the question

What happens to the rate of reaction as the reactants get used up in a reaction?

Answers

Answer:So, when a reactant gets used up, its concentration decreases, and so the total reaction rate decreases. As you can see here, more products equal less reagents (reactants), and so the reaction rate decreases.

Explanation: i hope this helps!! :)))

what is the mass of fructose also known as fruit sugar (c6h12o6) in a 1.38×10^2ml sample of glucose solution that has a concentration of a 1.04m​

Answers

Answer:

its 1.04

Explanation:

Does doubling the temperature for a reaction cut the activation enegry in half?

Answers

In general, if you double the temperature you double the reaction rate. However, this does not mean the activation energy is cut in half

What is the position of the dog

Answers

Answer:

what dog

Explanation:

you did not show a dog

There is no dog and there is no picture

Calculate the pH when 60.0 mL of 0.200 M HBr is mixed with 30.0 mL of 0.400 M CH₃NH₂ (Kb = 4.4 × 10⁻⁴).

Answers

When a volume of 60.0 mL of 0.200 M HBr is mixed with a volume of 30.0 mL of 0.400 M CH3NH2, The pH value is mathematically given as

pH=10.64

What is the pH value when 60.0 mL of 0.200 M HBr is mixed with 30.0 mL of 0.400 M CH₃NH₂?

Question Parameters:

The pH when 60.0 mL of 0.200 M HBr

30.0 mL of 0.400 M CH₃NH₂ (Kb = 4.4 × 10^{-4}).

Generally, the equation for the Chemical Reaction  is mathematically given as

H Br + H_3C NH_2----- > CH_3 NH_3 Br

Therefore

oH=p^{kb}+-log[tex]\frac{salt}{base}[/tex]

OH=-log(4.4*10^{-4})+[tex]\frac{0.1}{0.1}[/tex]

OH=3.36

In conclusion, The equation pH value

pH+OH=14

Therefore

pH+=14-3.36

pH=10.64

Read more about Chemical Reaction

https://brainly.com/question/11231920

A hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energy of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion is given by:

En = −(2.18 × 10^−18J) Z^2 ( 1/n^2 )

where n is the principal quantum number and Z is the atomic number of the element. Plasma is a state of matter consisting of positive gaseous ions and electrons. In the plasma state, a mercury atom could be stripped of its 80 electrons and therefore could exist as Hg80+. Use the equation above to calculate the energy required for the last ionization step.

Answers

hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energy of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion is given by:

En = −(2.18 × 10^−18J) Z^2 ( 1/n^2 )

where n is the principal quantum number and Z is the atomic number of the element. Plasma is a state of matter consisting of positive gaseous ions and electrons. In the plasma state, a mercury atom could be stripped of its 80 electrons and therefore could exist as Hg80+. Use the equation above to calculate the energy required for the last ionization step.hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energy of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion is given by:

En = −(2.18 × 10^−18J) Z^2 ( 1/n^2 )

where n is the principal quantum number and Z is the atomic number of the element. Plasma is a state of matter consisting of positive gaseous ions and electrons. In the plasma state, a mercury atom could be stripped of its 80 electrons and therefore could exist as Hg80+. Use the equation above to calculate the energy required for the last ionization step.hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energy of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion is given by:

En = −(2.18 × 10^−18J) Z^2 ( 1/n^2 )

where n is the principal quantum number and Z is the atomic number of the element. Plasma is a state of matter consisting of positive gaseous ions and electrons. In the plasma state, a mercury atom could be stripped of its 80 electrons and therefore could exist as Hg80+. Use the equation above to calculate the energy required for the last ionization step.

please mark me as brainliest............

follow me..........

Which elements are more likely to lose electrons?
Ca, Li, F and Ne

Answers

Ca, they only have two valence electrons, in order to become more stable, they would like to lose all of them

Determine the volume in mL of 0.242 M NaOH(aq) needed to reach the equivalence (stoichiometric) point in the titration of 46.79 mL of 0.204 M propanoic acid(aq). The Ka of propanoic acid is 1.3 x 10-5.

Answers

The volume (in mL) of 0.242 M NaOH solution needed for the titration reaction is 39.44 mL

Balanced equation

CH₃CH₂COOH + NaOH —> CH₃CH₂COONa + H₂O

From the balanced equation above,

The mole ratio of the acid, CH₃CH₂COOH (nA) = 1The mole ratio of the base, NaOH (nB) = 1

How to determine the volume of NaOHVolume of acid, CH₃CH₂COOH (Va) = 46.79 mL Molarity of acid, CH₃CH₂COOH (Ma) = 0.204 MMolarity of base, NaOH (Mb) = 0.242 MVolume of base, KOH (Vb) =?

MaVa / MbVb = nA / nB

(0.204 × 46.79) / (0.242 × Vb) = 1

Cross multiply

0.242 × Vb = 0.204 × 46.79

Divide both side by 0.242

Vb = (0.204 × 46.79) / 0.242

Vb = 39.44 mL

Thus, the volume of NaOH needed for the reaction is 39.44 mL

Learn more about titration:

https://brainly.com/question/14356286

please need you help aspa​

Answers

the distance traveled is 365 meters
it took 48 seconds to travel that distance
365m / 48 seconds = 7.61 m/s
the final speed is 7.61 m/s

the kenetic energy of a roller coaster is 100 joules. the potential energy of the same coaster is 100 joules. what is the mechanical energy of the coaster

Answers

100 Jules is the answer! Apex question please let me know

Which method is the best way to separate a mixture of recycled glass and iron

Answers

Answer:

Use a magnet

Explanation:

Magnet will pull out the iron and the glass will remiain there

Answer: Sorting by magnetism

Explanation: quiz

What are the intermolecular forces present in acetone?.

Answers

Answer:

dipole-dipole forces will be present.

Explanation:

dipole will be present because Water has a dipole and can also hydrogen bond, as can isobutyl alcohol.

Jerry pushes a 3.2 kg box with an acceleration of 5.6 m/s^2.what is the resultant force?

Answers

Answer:

1.5 N, mass m= 3.2 kg. F = m * a. 1.5 = 3.2 * a

Explanation:

When a liquid becomes a gas the process is called

Answers

Answer:

Evaporation

Explanation:

Evaporation is a process of water changing into vapor when heated.

The process is called evaporation

What is the compound name of CrS3?

Answers

Answer:

Chromium (VI) sulfide

Explanation:

It is an ionic bond, hence the roman numeral.

Which of the following does not describe an object with high
elasticity?
a
A piece of paper that rips after pulling on it.
b A spring that easily compresses when pushed.
A slinky that expands and contracts when held at
one end.
d A rubber band that stretches when you pull on it.
Chockit

Answers

The Answer is a A) a piece of paper that rips after pulling on it.

Answer:

Explanation:

C

You are given a food sample in powder form. How do you determine the food class of the food sample?​

Answers

If I were given a food sample in powdered form I would determine the food class of the food sample by adding some water to it. By adding water to the Powder the nature of the the food can be easily determined based on the solubility of the Powder in water.

a person stretches a spring apart in their figures and holds it there, not moving this is an exmple of?

A.Potential energy turning into kinetic energy

B. Someone creating energy

C. Someone destroying energy

D. Kinetic energy turning into potential energy

Answers

Answer:

pretty sure D is the right answer

Explanation:

kinetic energy is energy of motion, potential is energy that is stored

Which is a major environmental concern for our oceans?
Question 5 options:


oxygen pollution


plastic pollution


nutrient pollution


air pollution

Answers

plastic pollution is the correct answer
Plastic pollution is the top concern for our oceans at this time

A hydrogen atom absorbs a photon of visible light and its electron enters the n = 4 energy level. Calculate the change in energy of the atom and the wavelength (nm) of the photon.

Answers

You’ll never get it if you don’t do it yourself. Have a Good Day!

What is the example of erosión happening around your neighborhood or local area?

Answers

Answer:

When it rains in my backyard, the rain carries the soil to the edge of my backyard near the fence and creates a huge mud puddle.

Explanation:

“I live a few blocks away from a beach. One day, the entire beach is there. The next day, two feet of the beach is gone! My family and I like to go down there in the summertime, but I fear that we won't have any beach left.”

- Alex from Kensington Intermediate in Rocky River

When aqueous solutions of (NH4)2CrO4 and Ba(NO3 )2 are combined, BaCrO4 precipitates. Calculate the mass, in grams, of the BaCrO4 produced when 2.76 mL of 0.19 M Ba(NO3 )2 and 3.86 mL of 0.716 M (NH4)2CrO4 are mixed. Calculate the mass to 3 significant figures

Answers

The mass, in grams of BaCrO4 that will be produced, according to the illustration, would be 0.1329 grams

Stoichiometric calculations

From the equation of the reaction:

Ba(NO3)2 + (NH4)2CrO4 → BaCrO4 + 2(NH4)NO3

The mole ratio of the reactants is 1:1.

Mole of (NH4)2CrO4 = 3.86/1000 x 0.716

                                       = 0.0028 moles

Mole of Ba(NO3 )2 = 2.76/1000 x 0.19

                               = 0.0005 moles

Thus, Ba(NO3 )2 is limiting in availability.

Mole ratio of Ba(NO3 )2 and BaCrO4  = 1:1

Mole equivalent of BaCrO4  = 0.0005 moles

Mass of 0.0005 moles BaCrO4  = 0.0005 x 253.37

                                                        = 0.1329 grams

More on stoichiometric calculations can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/8062886

What 2 locations have the greatest kinetic energy

Answers

Answer:

what??? Is this the complete quetion??

how does crushing affect solubility​

Answers

Answer:

I think crushing affect solubility in that it increases the surface area of the solute in contact with the solvent

How are new elements made and named?

Answers

Answer:

Science textbooks around the world have become suddenly out of date. Four new chemical elements have been added to the periodic table. A big decision now lies ahead - elements 113, 115, 117 and 118 need to be given their official names and symbols.

New elements can be named after a mythological concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property or a scientist. The names have to be unique and maintain "historical and chemical consistency" . This means a lot of "-iums".

"They're Latinising the name," explains chemist Andrea Sella of University College London. "The most recent tradition has been to name them after places or after people." The places chosen tend to be where the element was discovered or first manufactured. The Swedish village of Ytterby has managed to get four named after it (ytterbium, yttrium, erbium and terbium).

No-one has yet named an element after themselves but many elements are named in tribute to important scientists. Albert Einstein was given einsteinium. This can also be a way of righting the wrongs of the past. "Lise Meitner was really the chemist who spotted nuclear fission but she was never really recognised for it because she was Jewish and a woman," says Sella. "To be able to give an element a name that reminds us of her is I think greatly important."

The naming process isn't quick. The scientists who discovered them will start things off by proposing a name. But it will be down to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to approve it. A special division of the US-based group has to accept the proposal. There is then a public review period of five months before the IUPAC council gets the final approval. Once it's ready, the name is announced in the scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry .

Scientists sometimes get creative. Mythical names have proved popular. Promethium was named after a character from a Greek legend who stole fire from the gods to give to humans and was punished by being chained to rock so an eagle could feed on his liver. The name was meant to reflect the fact that synthesising new elements often requires sacrifice.

There is hidden meaning in the table - as in the naming of praseodymium and neodymium. They replaced didymium - wrongly thought to be an element but in fact a mixture of the two. "The reason I like them is because they're called the green twin and the new twin," says Sella. "Didymium was named after [the Greek for] twin but in fact it also means testicles."

Naming an element is not just about functionality. "There's a tremendous romance to this," he adds. "Names are always important."

Other Questions
When colonists boycotted British goods under the Stamp Act, they1.stole products that were taxed2.refuses to participate in buying stamps3.sold products that were taxed4.refused to pass new tax laws CHALLENGE ACTIVITY 5.2.3: Basic while loop expression. Write a while loop that prints userNum divided by 4 (integer division) until reaching 2 or less. Follow each number by a space. Example output for userNum = 160: 40 10 2 Note: These activities may test code with different test values. This activity will perform four tests, with userNum = 160, then with userNum = 8, then with userNum = 0, then with userNum = -1. See "How to Use zyBooks". Also note: If the submitted code has an infinite loop, the system will stop running the code after a few seconds, and report "Programend never reached." The system doesn't print the test case that caused the reported message. if i press the home button of the phone so it opens but how it opens?Please answer with explanation How do the reactions of the Titanic passengers affect your knowledge and your feelings about the collision? How is the experience different from reading a straight description by Walter Lord? Explain what this shows about the importance of point of view in texts. In your explanation, refer to specific connections among individuals, ideas, or events. Use quotations from the text to support your ideas. According to the article, what are the "social costs" of cell phone usage? Support your answer with evidence from the text. Roosevelt, churchill and stalin discussed the future of europe and the world after the war at the. PLEASE ANSWER (100points)Mischlinge were subject to false sterilization and immediate compulsory divorce in Poland.TrueFalse cats are better than dogs. Dogs are like ok but cats are slightly better- sleeping over at a friends house saturday horror or lovehorror: cujo or Michael myerslove: beaches or just married What is the domain of the function f(x)=12x+15? PLEASE HELP!!!x30x30x0x0x2x2all real numbers question 3true or false? find 738 103 using distributivity. What is meant by a pileup of details? A. A lack of vivid imagery, which can make it difficult for a reader to picture the sceneB. A description containing too much sensory information, which can overwhelm a readerC. A passage full of clichs and predictable imagery, which can be boring for a readerD. A section with details that describe the wrong setting, which can confuse a reader so I am not that smart and need help please y = 5x+p point (-2, 1) p=? Which of the equations shown have infinitely many solutions? Select all that apply. Select two types and explain when you would use each one . how to convert 0,3 to a common fraction . Which of the following is not a way that meteorologists predict weather?O Data collectionO Data studyO Data analysisData theories What is .64 2/3 in fraction form?