It is a true statement that all externalities are market failures, but not all market failures are externalities.
What are externalities as one of market failures?In economics, market failure is defined as an inefficient distribution of goods and services in the free market. In an ideal market, supply and demand forces balance each other out, with a change in one side of the equation resulting in a price change that maintains the market's equilibrium. However, in a market failure, something disrupts this equilibrium.
Externalities occur when the use of a product or service benefits or harms a third party. Pollution caused by the manufacture of certain goods is an example of a negative externality that can harm individuals and communities. Negative externalities can cause collateral damage, which can lead to market failure.
Read more about externalities
brainly.com/question/14018373
#SPJ1
Who was the 1st African American elected to the U.S. Senate in 1870?
The first African American elected to the U.S. Senate was Hiram Rhodes Revels of Mississippi. He was elected in February 1870.
nventory management policies based on ABC analysis might include investingextra care in forecasting for C items.the most time verifying the accuracy of records for B items.more in inventory security for C items.more in supplier development for A items.
Inventory management policies based on ABC analysis might include investing extra care in forecasting for C items more in supplier development for A items.
In materials the executives, the ABC examination is a stock classification procedure. ABC investigation partitions a stock into three classifications — "A things" with exceptionally close control and exact records, "B things" with less firmly controlled and great records, and "C things" with the least difficult controls conceivable and negligible records.
The ABC investigation gives an instrument for recognizing things that will fundamentally be affected by large stock expenses, while likewise giving a system for distinguishing various classes of stock that will require different administration and controls.
Learn more about management policies:
https://brainly.com/question/15307979
#SPJ4
Which of the following is true concerning natural resources?
a.
Natural resources are not recycled.
b.
Natural resources are only inorganic.
c.
They are part of natural processes.
d.
They only incorporate one form of matter.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer: C
Explanation: Natural resources are integrated into the workings of the environment, including water and nutrient cycles, as well as geological activities. As a result, they are naturally replenished over time through these processes. It is incorrect to say that natural resources cannot be recycled, is only inorganic, or consist of only one type of substance. Natural resources can be reused, either organic or inorganic, and can consist of various forms of matter.
The following that is true concerning natural resources are that they are part of natural processes. The correct option is d.
What are natural resources?Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest, and cultural value. On Earth, it includes sunlight, atmosphere, water, land, all minerals along with all vegetation, and wildlife.
Natural resources are part of humanity's natural heritage or protected in nature reserves. Particular areas such as the rainforest in Fatu-Hiva often feature biodiversity and geodiversity in their ecosystems. Natural resources may be classified in different ways. Natural resources are materials and components something that can be used) that can be found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources at its fundamental level.
A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, air, or any living organism such as a fish, or it may be transformed by extractivist industries into an economically useful form that must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, rare-earth elements, petroleum, timber and most forms of energy.
Learn more about natural resources, here:
https://brainly.com/question/31275228
#SPJ5
who also won the lucasian professor of mathematics position?
Since its establishment, the professorship has been held by, among others, Isaac Newton, Charles Babbage, George Stokes, Joseph Larmor, Paul Dirac, and Stephen Hawking.
The Lucasian Professor is the title held by the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics , a chair in mathematics at the University of Cambridge in England. Henry Lucas, a member of parliament from Cambridge University in 1639–1640, established the post in 1663, and King Charles II formally established it on January 18, 1664. One of the most esteemed academic positions in the entire globe, according to The Daily Telegraph. The chair has been held by a number of notable individuals over the years, including Isaac Newton, Charles Babbage, George Stokes, Joseph Larmor, Paul Dirac, and Stephen Hawking.
Learn more about professor
https://brainly.com/question/13275958
#SPJ4
what is the early anthropogenic hypothesis
The early anthropogenic hypothesis is a theory in the field of environmental science and climate studies that suggests that humans had a significant impact on the Earth's environment and climate much earlier in history than previously believed.
The hypothesis suggests that human activity, such as deforestation and land use changes, began to affect the Earth's climate as early as 8,000 years ago during the Neolithic period.
The theory is based on evidence that shows significant changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane levels, and changes in global temperatures, coinciding with the spread of agriculture and land use changes associated with the Neolithic period. These changes are believed to have been caused by the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from the burning of forests and the cultivation of crops.
Proponents of the early anthropogenic hypothesis argue that this theory challenges the idea that humans only began to have a significant impact on the environment and climate during the Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century. They suggest that the early anthropogenic hypothesis highlights the importance of understanding human-environment interactions and the long-term consequences of human activities on the environment and climate.
The early anthropogenic hypothesis is still an area of active research and debate among scholars in the fields of environmental science and climate studies. While some researchers support the hypothesis, others are skeptical and argue that the evidence for early human impact on the climate is inconclusive.
For such more question on anthropogenic
https://brainly.com/question/29556510
#SPJ4
competence is most closely related to the moral principle of_____ a. fiduciary relationships b. professionalism c. integrity d. do no harm e. autonomy
Competence is most closely related to the moral principle of professionalism.
Professionalism is a moral principle that should be upheld by all members of the workforce. Competence is a fundamental part of achieving professionalism, as it is a measure of an individual's ability to do their job effectively and to the best of their ability.
A competent worker is more likely to act in accordance with the moral principles of professionalism, such as exhibiting honesty and integrity, behaving ethically, respecting their peers, and maintaining confidentiality. Competence is essential to professional success.
Hence, the correct option is "B".
To know more about Moral, click here.
https://brainly.com/question/27461226
#SPJ4
a 2150kg car accelerates from rest over a distance of 18m from a 500N force. what is the final velocity of the car?
The final velocity of the car that has a weight of 2150 kg and is accelerated by a force of 500 N is 2.8935 m/sec.
What are equations of motion?There are three equation of motions that can be used when motion of the object is under constant acceleration and on a straight path.
They are listed below as:
v = u + at
s = ut + 0.5at²
v² - u² = 2as
where the symbols have following meanings:
u = initial velocity of the considered object
v = final velocity of the object
a = acceleration of the object
s = displacement done by the object in 't' time.
Given that the force applied on the car is 500 N, while the mass of the car is 2150 kg. Therefore, the acceleration of the car can be found as,
Force = mass × acceleration
500 N = 2150 kg × acceleration
acceleration = 500 N / 2150 kg
acceleration = 0.23256 m/sec²
Further, using the third equation of motion,
v² - u² = 2as
Since the vehicle is at rest initially, u = 0,
v² - 0² = 2as
v² = 2as
v² = 2 × 0.23256 m/sec² × 18 m
v = 2.8935 m/sec
Hence, the final velocity is 2.8935 m/sec.
Learn more about equation of motion here:
https://brainly.com/question/5955789
#SPJ9
What is a simple explanation of Groundhog Day?
Groundhog Day is an annual tradition observed in the United States and Canada on February 2nd.
According to folklore, if a groundhog emerges from its burrow on this day and sees its shadow, it will retreat back into its burrow, indicating that winter will continue for six more weeks. If the groundhog does not see its shadow and remains outside, it is believed that spring will come early.
The tradition originated in Europe and was brought to North America by German settlers. The most famous Groundhog Day celebration takes place in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, where a groundhog named Punxsutawney Phil is said to predict the weather each year. The event has been celebrated since 1887 and is attended by thousands of people.
While the accuracy of the groundhog's prediction is debated, Groundhog Day has become a popular cultural phenomenon, celebrated through festivals, parades, and various media appearances.
To learn more about Groundhog Day
https://brainly.com/question/987224
#SPJ4
what is the meaning of conflict theory
According to the conflict theory, which was first put forth by Karl Marx, society is constantly at war with one another over scarce resources. According to conflict theory, dominance and power, not agreement and conformity, preserve social order.
The importance of power battles between various factions in influencing society is highlighted by conflict theory. This thesis, which has its roots in Karl Marx's theories, holds that societal development results through conflict between a dominating group and a subservient group.
Pay disparities between groups, as well as disparities in the legal and educational systems of governments, are some instances of conflict theory in action. Interpersonal, role, and other conflicts at work can all be seen through the lens of conflict theory.
Learn more about conflict theory
https://brainly.com/question/3854440
#SPJ4
Which one of the following statements about microsleep is true?
a. It is a time when a person sleeps at least 60 minutes.
b. It occurs when a person is usually aware it’s happening.
c. It is always safe to do.
d. It appears to help a person survive by preventing total sleep deprivation.
The given statement "Which one of the following statements about microsleep is true" because It occurs when a person is usually aware it’s happening is the statements about microsleep therefore the right option is B.
Microsleep is the brief period of the sleep that occurs when the person is in the generally apprehensive it’s passing. It generally happens when a person is in a state of extreme fatigue and isn't suitable to stay awake. as During this period, the person is generally being only semi-conscious and is frequently ignorant of their surroundings.
It generally lasts lower than around 30 seconds and that can do several times in one day. This brief period of the rest can help the pre-energize the body and reduce fatigue, but it isn't enough to make up for a full night’s rest. The Microsleep can also be very dangerous if it occurs while during driving or the operating heavy machinery.
To know more about microsleep visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29662660
#SPJ4
the most challenging form of listening and occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling
The most challenging form of listening that involves trying to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling is called empathic listening.
What is empathic listening?Empathic listening is a type of active listening in which the listener deliberately tries to comprehend the viewpoint and emotions of the speaker. It requires paying attention to the speaker, being present in the moment, and making an effort to understand the issue from the speaker's perspective. Building connections, settling disputes, and demonstrating support and understanding all benefit greatly from empathic listening. It calls for the listener to put aside any personal opinions and biases while giving the speaker their undivided attention. In order to better grasp the speaker's feelings and thoughts, empathic listening entails not just hearing what they are saying but also focusing on nonverbal indicators like body language and voice tone.
To learn more about listening visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/15158341
#SPJ4
What is the primary purpose of the filibuster power in the united states senate?
The primary purpose of the filibuster power in the United States Senate is to allow a minority of Senators to delay or block legislation by speaking for an extended period of time or threatening to do so.
The filibuster was designed to promote extended debate and ensure that the minority has a say in the legislative process. It is seen as a way to protect the interests of the minority party and prevent the majority from ramming through legislation without proper consideration or debate.
However, critics argue that the filibuster has been used to block important legislation and impede the functioning of the Senate, and there have been calls to reform or eliminate the practice.
You can learn more about filibuster at
https://brainly.com/question/29238503
#SPJ4
What is the main idea of Politics and the English Language?
"Politics and the English Language" is an essay by George Orwell that discusses the problems with the way language is used in political writing and public discourse.
The main idea of the essay is that language shapes thought, and when language is used to obscure or manipulate meaning, it can have negative consequences for democracy and the free exchange of ideas. Orwell argues that the use of vague, abstract, or inflated language in political writing creates confusion and undermines the ability of individuals to think critically and express themselves clearly. He urges writers to strive for clarity, precision, and simplicity in their writing, and to resist the temptation to use language to hide or manipulate the truth. The essay is a call to action for writers to use language responsibly and to value the integrity of communication.
Learn more about democracy :
https://brainly.com/question/13158670
#SPJ4
what is the background to the richard ramirez incident in 2012
In 2012, Richard Ramirez, an American serial killer died of natural causes in California State Prison.
He was convicted of 13 counts of murder, five counts of attempted murder, 11 counts of assault, and 14 counts of burglary from 1984 to 1985 in the USA.
The Richard Ramirez incident in 2012 is actually a case of mistaken identity. Richard Ramirez, also known as the "Night Stalker," was a convicted serial killer who committed his crimes in the 1980s in the USA. However, in 2012, a man named Richard Ramirez Jr. was arrested in Houston, Texas for the murder of his mother.
Due to their shared name, many people initially believed that the "Night Stalker" had committed another crime, but it was quickly clarified that the two men were not the same person. The Richard Ramirez Jr. incident in 2012 was unrelated to the crimes committed by the "Night Stalker" in the 1980s.
To know more about USA click on below link:
brainly.com/question/30285781#
#SPJ11
Progressives all shared the same goals and approved of the same tactics needed to achieve those goals. true or false
false Progressives all held the same objectives and supported the same strategies for achieving them.
What did progressives think, and what is progressivism?Progressivism holds that political action can be utilized to improve human cultures. Aiming to improve society by social reforms that are reportedly based on advancements in science, technology, economic growth, and social structure, progressivism is a political movement.
What possessed the Progressive movement a reputation?Labor rights, women's suffrage, economic reform, environmental protections, and the care of the poor, especially impoverished immigrants, were just a few of the overlapping concerns that the Progressive Era's leaders worked on.
To know more about Progressives visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/29706507
#SPJ4
All of the following are Abrahamic Religions EXCEPT
A. Christianity
B. Buddhism
C. Islam
D. Judaism
The correct answer is option B. Buddhism is not an Abrahamic religion. Abraham is the common progenitor of all Abrahamic religions, which are a collection of faiths united by a shared belief in a single God.
They include the religions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The Hebrew Bible serves as the foundation for Judaism, the oldest of the Abrahamic religions. The most practised religion in the world is founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ and is called Christianity.
The teachings of Muhammad are the cornerstone of Islam, the second-largest religion in the world. These faiths are all monotheistic and place great emphasis on good deeds, prayer, and faith.
In contrast, Buddhism is a nontheistic religion that rejects both the concept of a singular God and the Abrahamic faith. Buddhism, which is founded on the Buddha's teachings, places a strong emphasis on mindfulness, meditation, and introspection.
To learn more about Judaism visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14374940
#SPJ4
Can you have a lien applied to your house without your knowledge? Are you responsible for a lien issued from before you purchased your home and property? How do you go about correcting it?
Yes, your property may be subject to a lien without your knowledge. Liens placed against your property before you purchased it may be your responsibility.
What is a lien?A lien is a formal claim made against real estate to ensure that a debt or obligation is paid. Without the owner's knowledge or consent, it may be used by creditors, contractors, or the government, among others. If a lien is placed on a property before it is bought, the new owner could be held liable if it is not paid off. The owner should get in touch with the lien holder and try to work out a settlement or payment schedule to correct the situation. The owner might need to get legal counsel if the debt is contested and might even want to challenge the legality of the lien in court.
To learn more about lien visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30118274
#SPJ4
The mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available as known as?
The mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available as known as problem solving.
What is Problem Solving?Problem-solving is the mental process of finding a solution to a problem or challenge. It involves identifying the problem, gathering information, analyzing the situation, and developing and implementing a plan of action to reach a desired outcome. Effective problem-solving often requires creativity, critical thinking, and the ability to consider different perspectives and potential solutions.
The process may involve trial and error, and may require revising and refining the plan until a satisfactory solution is achieved. Problem-solving is an important skill in many areas of life, including work, personal relationships, and decision-making.
Learn more about problem solving here: https://brainly.com/question/23945932
#SPJ1
How much do consumers spend on the Super Bowl?
The National Retail Federation (NRF) estimates that consumers $16.5 billion, or $85.36 per person, will be spent on food, beverages, clothing, decorations, and other goods on the day.
The projected amount for this year represents an increase of $1.9 billion from the $14.6 billion figure for Bowl tickets in 2022. At addition to the 17.8 million individuals who intend to watch the game in a bar or restaurant, 103.5 million people this year intend to host or attend parties.
It is anticipated that $16.5 billion, or $85.36 per person, will be spent on all expenditures for the day, including food, drinks, clothing, decorations, and other items. The $82,000 that the players on the losing side will receive may help them feel a bit better, even though it doesn't lessen the pain of defeat.
Learn more about Bowl tickets consumers Visit: brainly.com/question/4530904
#SPJ4
What does ENTJ mean in Myers-Briggs?
ENTJ means Extraverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Judging. ENTJs have exceptional problem-solving skills and sharp minds.
They frequently come up with brilliant ideas, are able to analyse the situation from all angles, and carefully lay out a plan to carry out their vision. Problems don't overwhelm them; instead, they give them energy.
Individuals with ENTJ inclinations are frequently intensely driven, competitive, and concentrated. By concentrating on the big picture, they can see just about everything that is going on around them. When given the chance to create long-term objectives and make critically thought-out decisions, ENTJs excel.
Just 2% of people have the INFJ personality type, making it the least common personality type overall. It is also the personality type that guys have the least of. Introversion, Intuition, Feeling, and Judging is referred to as INFJ. It's uncommon to discover this particular combination in most people.
To know more about ENTJ, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/30396042
#SPJ4
the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes
By definition, the rock cycle is a natural process that results in the formation, type conversion, and destruction of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.
What is the sequence of events that transforms rock from one type to another?The three main types of rocks are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary, and the rock cycle describes the processes by which they change from one type to another.
What is the process that transforms rocks from one type of material to another?In order to alter the composition of rocks, chemical weathering requires the interaction of rock with mineral solutions (chemicals). In this process, water and minerals interact, resulting in a number of chemical reactions that alter the rocks.
To know more about rock cycle visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/14005634
#SPJ4
What is cognitive development theory ?
According to the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, children's intellect evolves as they mature. Children's cognitive growth involves more than just learning; they also need to create or refine a mental model of the world around them.
Cognitive development refers to a child's capacity for thought, exploration, and problem-solving. Children's ability to consider and comprehend their surroundings is aided by the development of information, skills, problem-solving, and dispositions. Cognitive development includes the development of the brain.
Language development is one of the most well-researched aspects of cognitive development. Some theories contend that the ability to learn languages is a genetic trait shared by all people, while others contend that social interactions are crucial for language acquisition.
Learn more about cognitive development theory
https://brainly.com/question/28898838
#SPJ4
weekly calendars are great for listing what type of activities?
Weekly calendars are great for listing appointments, dates, meals and others
Weekly calendars are great for listing what type of activities?Weekly calendars are great for listing a variety of activities, including:
Work appointments: These are appointments related to your job, such as meetings, conference calls, or client visits.
Personal appointments: These are appointments related to your personal life, such as doctor's appointments, social events, or family obligations.
Exercise and fitness activities: These include activities such as gym sessions, yoga classes, or outdoor exercise.
Meal planning: You can use a weekly calendar to plan out your meals for the week, including grocery shopping and meal prep.
Errands and chores: This includes tasks such as laundry, cleaning, or running errands like going to the bank or post office.
Hobbies and leisure activities: You can also use a weekly calendar to schedule time for hobbies or leisure activities such as reading, painting, or watching a movie.
Overall, a weekly calendar is a great tool for organizing your time and ensuring that you are able to balance all of the activities and responsibilities in your life.
Read more on calendar here:https://brainly.com/question/19167877
#SPJ1
If a null hypothesis is rejected, what is the conclusion about the treatment?A) the treatment most likely has an effectB) the treatment is proven to be effectiveC) used the wrong treatment in the experimentD) rejecting the null suggests nothing about the treatment
If a null hypothesis is rejected, it means that there is evidence that the treatment has an effect and the probability of the observed results occurring by chance is low.
The correct option is A)
However, rejecting the null hypothesis does not necessarily mean that the treatment is effective or that it has a significant effect.
The conclusion that can be drawn from rejecting the null hypothesis is that there is evidence that the treatment has an effect, but the magnitude and direction of the effect are still uncertain. Further analysis is needed to determine the precise nature of the effect, as well as its practical significance.
It is also important to note that rejecting the null hypothesis does not necessarily mean that the treatment is the best or only option available. It is possible that other treatments or interventions may be more effective, or that the observed effect of the treatment may not be large enough to be clinically or practically significant.
In conclusion, rejecting the null hypothesis is an important step in analyzing experimental data, but it is only the beginning of the process. More detailed analysis and interpretation are necessary to fully understand the implications of the results for the treatment being studied.
Thus, the correct option is A)
Learn more about the hypothesis:
brainly.com/question/30821298
#SPJ4
When was the last Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) in Indiana?
Indiana’s unemployment rate, which bounce to more than 17 percent at the height of the pandemic, has recovered to 3.9 percent. More Hoosiers are in the manpower now than a year ago, and the labor force participation rate is nearing the pre-pandemic level.
“Barring these pandemic programs will not be a silver bullet for employers to find employees, but we presently have about 116,000 available jobs in the state that need filled now,” said Holcomb.
“I’ve declared to leaders in the recreational vehicle industry who tell me they could gave the job to thousands of people today, and in the last couple weeks, we’ve seen companies like Amazon, Apple, Toyota, and Milwaukee Tool announce thousands of new career opportunities for Hoosiers.
To know more about Pandemic:
https://brainly.com/question/29526743
#SPJ4
Renewable energy is environment friendly
It is TRUE to state that Renewable energy is environment friendly.
What is the Renewable Energy?Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are replenished naturally and can be used over and over again, unlike non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels, which are finite.
Some examples of renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. These sources emit fewer or no harmful pollutants compared to non-renewable sources and do not contribute to climate change, making them more environmentally friendly.
Adopting renewable energy can help reduce dependence on non-renewable sources, create new jobs, and contribute to a sustainable energy future.
Learn more about Renewable energy:
https://brainly.com/question/17373437
#SPJ1
Full Question:
Renewable energy is environment friendly. True or False?
how did the constitution deal with enslaved persons and the issue of slavery?
The Constitution dealt with enslaved people and the issue of slavery in a very vague manner which allowed for slavery to continue with certain limitations.
How did the Constitution handle slavery?The original U.S. Constitution did not explicitly mention slavery or enslaved persons, although it contained several provisions related to the institution of slavery. The Constitution allowed for the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade until 1808, prohibited Congress from abolishing the institution of slavery before that date, and included provisions for the return of runaway slaves to their owners.
However, the issue of slavery was a significant source of contention during the framing of the Constitution and the early years of the United States.
Find out more on the Constitution at https://brainly.com/question/5223604
#SPJ1
what is fundamental attribution error in psychology?
Fundamental attribution error refers to the situation on which a person holds the other person accountable for a certain action rather than looking in his own actions.
There are many behavioral aspects when it comes to judging a person. People often judge other people for their actions and hold them accountable for their actions and they ignore their own actions and doings. This is known as fundamental attribution error. This shows that how people easily judge other people even when they themselves are not perfect and often do mistakes. For example, A manager scolds an employee for coming late in office even though he had a genuine reason for that and the next day the manager himself comes lates and did not have genuine excuses for why he came late.
Learn more about Fundamental attribution error at:
brainly.com/question/30672481
#SPJ4
Help ,What happens to the amount of electrical energy that is generated when the specify “a little” or “a lot”
The amount of electrical energy that is generated in Faucet is on high is "a lot", Faucet is on low is “a little”.
What do you mean by electrical energy?When electrons flow from one location to another, they produce electrical energy. Current or electricity is the flow of charged particles along or through a media (like a wire).
In this design, the turbine is powered by the kinetic energy of the flowing water from the faucet. More thermal energy is released into the atmosphere by the steam. a lot of light energy and very little thermal energy are created from this energy.
Therefore, the amount of electrical energy that is generated in:
Faucet is on high is "a lot".Faucet is on low is “a little”.To know more about an electrical energy, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/16182853
#SPJ9
The complete question is attached:
What is the main point of mountains beyond mountains?
The main point of Mountains Beyond Mountains is the story of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Harvard-educated physician who has devoted his life to treating infectious diseases in impoverished communities in Haiti and other parts of the world.
The book explores Farmer's dedication to providing healthcare to the poorest of the poor, and his belief that healthcare is a basic human right. It also examines the challenges Farmer faces in his work, including a lack of resources and political instability in the areas where he works. Ultimately, the book is a testament to Farmer's tireless commitment to improving the lives of those who are often overlooked by the healthcare system.
To know more about Dr. Paul click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/9580207#
#SPJ11