Variable interests in an entity are interests that change over time as a result of the actions or decisions of other parties. These interests may include equity interests, liabilities, and rights to receive payments or other distributions.
Variable interests provide financial control over an entity because they can be used to influence the entity's overall financial performance. For example, if a shareholder has a variable interest in an entity, they may be able to influence the entity's decisions, such as how much it spends on capital expenditures or how much it pays out in dividends. Similarly, creditors may be able to influence the entity's decisions if they have an obligation to the entity that is subject to change.
To know more about shareholder click here
https://brainly.com/question/19054394
#SPJ4
at the beginning of the year, quaker company's liabilities equal $45,000. during the year, assets increase by $60,000, and at year-end assets equal $190,000. liabilities decrease $10,000 during the year. what are the beginning and ending amounts of equity?
Equity at the Outset: $45,000
Final Equity: $145,000 the liabilities of Quaker Company increased from $45,000 to $145,000 over time.
The equation Equity = Assets - Liabilities may be used to determine a company's equity. Assuming that liabilities and assets are both $45,000 at the start of the year, the beginning equity is: Assets ($45,000) minus liabilities ($45,000) equals $0 (equity) Assets total $190,000 at year's end, whereas liabilities total $35,000 (45,000 - 10,000). Accordingly, ending equity is: $155,000 ($190,000 in assets minus $35,000 in liabilities) (equity) Consequently, the starting equity is $0 and the final equity is $155,000.
Learn more about liabilities here:
https://brainly.com/question/30171381
#SPJ4
Of the following countries, which one exhibits the characteristics of a market economy? A. Canada B. Cuba C. North Korea D. Belarus.
Canada exhibits the characteristics of a market economy. i.e. Option A
A market economy is a monetary framework where people, as opposed to the express, own a large portion of the assets. This incorporates land, work, and capital. In a market economy, people control the utilization and cost of these assets through deliberate choices made in the commercial center. In a market economy, confidential people, organizations, and companies own the majority of the assets. People pursue choices that add to market interest, which set costs and direct the creation and utilization of labor and products.
The idea of private property is integral to the market economy, since it gives proprietors the option to sell their products. Contest is likewise a significant variable, since it influences organic market.
Know more about Market Economy - https://brainly.com/question/2343400
#SPJ4
river corp's total assets at the end of last year were $480,000 and its net income was $32,750. what was its return on total assets? question 13 options: 6.28% 5.73% 6.82% 6.48% 7.71%
To calculate the return on total assets ratio, divide a company's earnings after taxes by its total assets. The total asset return is 6.822%.
This profitability indicator can help you determine how profitable your company is and how it compares to competitors.
A company's return on assets (ROA) is calculated as the ratio of net income to total asset value in a given period:
= ($32,750/$480,000) x 100 = 6.822%
Return on Assets is as follows:
Return on assets is calculated by dividing net profits by total assets.
Where,
Net Profits = Total Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold - Non-Operating Expense - Interest - Taxes
Total assets are the sum of current and non-current assets (tangible fixed assets plus intangible assets).
Learn more about return on asset here
https://brainly.com/question/28235286
#SPJ4
a company pays one year of rent in advance on january 1. on january 31, the company will record an adjusting entry that will: multiple choice increase assets and decrease expenses decrease assets and increase expenses increase assets and increase expenses decrease assets and decrease expenses
A firm pays one year of rent in advance on January 1; on january 31, the firm will record an adjusting entry that will A: "increase assets and decrease expenses".
When a company pays one year of rent in advance on January 1, it is recognizing an asset on its balance sheet. This asset, known as prepaid rent, represents the right to use the rented property for a specified period in the future. On January 31, the company will make an adjusting entry to account for the portion of the prepaid rent that has been used or expired during the month. The adjusting entry will decrease the asset of prepaid rent and increase the expense of rent for the period used.
This ensures that the company's financial statements accurately reflect its current financial position and that the expenses incurred are matched with the corresponding period in which they were used. By making this adjustment, the company can maintain accurate and reliable financial information.
You can learn more about assets at
https://brainly.com/question/25746199
#SPJ4
Zahara is wondering how she will be able to afford her monthly tv streaming services, water bill, groceries, and cell phone bill. what economic concept concerns zahara?
In a case whereby Zahara is wondering how she will be able to afford her monthly tv streaming services, water bill, groceries, and cell phone bill. the economic concept concerns zahara is needs and wants
What is needs and wants in economics?In economics, a need is an item people must have in order to survive, whereas a want is an item people want but may or may not be able to acquire. In today's economy, the terms wants and needs are often yet inaccurately used.
Needs are determined by the physiological, individual, or socioeconomic conditions required for you to survive and function. The modern urban guy needs transportation since his place of employment is too far from where he gets his food and other daily essentials. On the other side, wants are a way for us to satisfy our needs.
Learn more about services at:
https://brainly.com/question/1286522
#SPJ1
Answer:
C economic needs and wants
Explanation:
if the company decides to produce a leather belt with a single buckle and five holes for size adjustment, then which chart and explanation would make the most sense to use, to create an efficient production timeline?
a GANTT chart, because it is the most efficient mapping chart for simple products.
An example of a bar chart that shows a project timetable is a Gantt chart. The tasks to be completed are shown on the vertical axis of this chart, while the time intervals are listed on the horizontal axis. The length of each activity is displayed in the graph by the width of the horizontal bars. Gantt charts show the beginning and ending dates of a project's summary and terminal parts. The project's work breakdown structure is made up of terminal and summary sections. The dependence (or precedence network) links between activities are also displayed in modern Gantt charts. A vertical "TODAY" line and percent-complete shadings on Gantt charts can be used to display the status of the schedule as it stands right now.
Bar charts and Gantt charts are occasionally used interchangeably.
learn more about GANTT chart here
https://brainly.com/question/13605073
#SPJ4
the entry to close the expense accounts includes: multiple choice a debit to all expense accounts and a credit to retained earnings. a credit to retained earnings. a debit to retained earnings. a debit to all expense accounts.
The entry to close the expense accounts includes - a debit to retained earnings and credits to the respective expense accounts i.e. Options 1 and 4
An expense account helps you track and sort the different costs your business has during a time span. Costs in a business ledger are expanded by charges and diminished by credits. Your business ledger increments when you burn through cash. Business ledgers are viewed as impermanent records, meaning they reset when another period begins.
Separate your business ledger into more modest sub-accounts. Like that, you can see which costs you spend the most on, better track your cash, and remain coordinated.
Sub-accounts rattle off the amount you spend on each sort of cost. You can make sub-represents every one of your costs, similar to finance and publicizing.
Know more about Expense Accounts - https://brainly.com/question/28246722
#SPJ4
Correct Question -
The entry to close the expense accounts includes:
Multiple Choice
a credit to all expense accounts a credit to retained earnings. a credit to retained earnings. a debit to retained earnings. a debit to all expense accounts.managers responding to the needs of the local education system as a normal or routine aspect of its operations is an example of an organization in which stage?
Instead of disbanding the team, transformation calls for moving on to other duties and objectives. Once modifications have been made, these phases may repeat themselves, such as when a new team member is added or a different team member is changed.
Which may have an impact on how well the team works as a whole. As a result, we may say that the presented scenario illustrates the transition stage.
Purchasing, procurement, and supply tasks are carried out differently by various businesses depending on how those businesses run. A manufacturing firm's supply chain, for instance, may manufacture goods that will be kept in warehouses and other places, increasing the complexity of the supply chain. In contrast, a service provider company will employ a make-to-order business model.
For such more question on transformation
https://brainly.com/question/1462871
#SPJ4
olesia is managing the diversification of divisions for her organization. she wants to monitor how to engage and manage subsidiaries to maximize corporate performance. what should olesia use to track this information?
Olesia could use a variety of tools and methods to track the engagement and performance of her organization's subsidiaries such as Key performance indicators, Dashboards and Scorecards.
An organization is a group of individuals working together towards a common goal. The success of an organization depends on the effective management of its resources, including people, finances, and technology. Effective communication, clear goals, and efficient processes are key elements in the functioning of a successful organization. The culture of an organization can greatly impact employee morale and motivation, so it's important for leaders to foster a positive work environment. Organizations must also adapt to changes in their industry and society, such as technological advancements and shifting consumer demands, to remain competitive. In conclusion, organizations play a critical role in society and their success is dependent on the effective management of their resources and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
learn more about organization's here
https://brainly.com/question/30470933
#SPJ4
The stockholders' equity section is usually divided into what three parts? Capital stock, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings Preferred stock, common stock, retained earnings Preferred stock, common stock, treasury stock O Capital stock, appropriated retained earnings, unappropriated retained earning
The parts that the stockholders' equity section is usually divided into are A. Capital stock, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings
What are the parts of the stockholder's equity section ?Capital stock refers to the amount of money received by a company in exchange for issuing common or preferred stock. Additional paid-in capital represents the amount of money received by a company from the sale of stock in excess of the par value of the stock.
Retained earnings are the portion of a company's profits that have not been paid out as dividends to stockholders, but instead have been retained and reinvested in the business.
Find out more on stockholder's equity at https://brainly.com/question/30397975
#SPJ1
A party who confers a benefit on someone else unnecessarily can invoke the principle of quasi contract to recover the cost. True or False?
This statement is True. A quasi-contract is a legal principle that states that a contract may be implied in certain circumstances even though there is no written or spoken agreement has been made.
In such cases, the law obliges the recipient of the benefit to reimburse the cost of the benefit. This duty is based on the idea that it is unfair for someone to benefit from something at the expense of another. For example, if a person pays for goods on behalf of someone else, they may be able to use the quasi-contract principle to recover costs through a court action.
To know more about quasi-contract click here
https://brainly.com/question/29651556
#SPJ4
suppose you postpone consumption and invest at 14% when inflation is 2%. what is the approximate real rate of your reward for saving?
The real rate of return is the rate of return after adjusting for inflation. It reflects the true increase in purchasing power that results from an investment.
The formula for calculating the real rate of return is:
Real rate of return = (Nominal rate of return - Inflation rate)
Plugging in the numbers, we have:
Real rate of return = (14% - 2%) = 12%
So, the approximate real rate of reward for saving in this scenario is 12%. This means that if you invest your money at 14%, and inflation is 2%, your money will be worth approximately 12% more in real terms at the end of the investment period.
To learn more about inflation please click on below link.
https://brainly.com/question/1699650
#SPJ4
what is the annual yield to maturity, to the nearest percent, for the following bond: current price is $908, coupon rate is 11 percent, $1,000 par value, interest paid semiannually, eight years to maturity?
The annual yield to maturity, to the nearest percent, for the following bond is 12.91%.
R =?
PV = 908
PMT = 0.11*1000 = 110
FV = 1000
N = 8
Rate = Rate(8,-110,908,-1000,0) = 12.91%
In finance, a discount is the interest payment obtained by way of a bondholder from the date of issuance until the date of adulthood of a bond. The certificates frequently also contained a report referred to as a talon, which (while the unique block of coupons was used up) could be indifferent and offered as an alternative for a block of additional coupons.
Coupons are generally described in phrases of the "coupon charge", that's calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face cost. The starting place of the time period "coupon" is that bonds have been traditionally issued in the form of bearer certificates. bodily possession of the certificates was (deemed) evidence of possession. numerous coupons, one for each scheduled hobby payment, were imprinted on the certificate.
To learn more about Coupon rates visit here:
brainly.com/question/6959763
#SPJ4
gerry and jacinda have not been getting along. gerry thinks that jacinda prevented him from getting a big promotion. how can jacinda best address the situation?
To avoid additional harm to the working relationship and to preserve a pleasant work atmosphere, Jacinda must approach the problem in a courteous and professional manner.
If Jacinda is aware of the issue and Gerry believes she has hindered him from receiving a significant promotion, she can take the following actions to remedy it:
Arrange a meeting with Gerry: Jacinda can set up a private appointment with Gerry to address the problem and learn more about what particularly led to his idea that she was to blame for his lack of advancement.
Listen actively: Jacinda should actively listen to Gerry's worries and attempt to comprehend his point of view. She must avoid going on the defensive or attacking Gerry in any manner.
If Jacinda recognises she has done anything incorrect, she should apologise and accept responsibility for her actions.
Clarify misunderstandings: If Gerry has misinterpreted something, Jacinda can use this as a chance to clarify and correct any misunderstandings.
Seek a resolution: Jacinda and Gerry should collaborate to reach an agreement that is agreeable to both parties. This might include finding Gerry a new job or addressing any difficulties that are harming their working relationship.
Seek assistance: If necessary, Jacinda can seek assistance from human resources or a manager to help handle the matter in a professional and equitable manner.
For more questions on pleasant work atmosphere
https://brainly.com/question/28104809
#SPJ4
u.s. data covering the 19962014 period show that the separation rate has a. a strong inverse relationship with the unemployment rate. b. a weak positive relationship with the unemployment rate. c. an indeterminate relationship with the unemployment rate. d. a strong positive relationship with the unemployment rate.
Option d is correct. Data for the period 1996-2014 show that turnover is strongly positively correlated with unemployment.
Attrition rate measures the percentage of employees who left the company during the reporting period. It reflects both voluntary and involuntary reasons for separation. For example, a score of 20% means the layoff is his 20% of the average employee data.
Turnover rate is a good way to express the "percentage" of workers in a workplace. The sooner people leave their jobs, i.H.
Nearly 50% of all marriages in the United States end in divorce or separation. 7. Researchers estimate that her 41% of all first marriages end in divorce.
Separation factor (also called one-step separation factor or simple process factor) measures the degree of separation achieved by a separation element. It is defined as the relative isotopic abundance ratio of product and waste.
Know more about unemployment here:
https://brainly.com/question/14227610
#SPJ4
an active, destructive response by which an individual either ends or restricts organizational membership is referred to as .
Exit from an active and destructive response whereby an individual terminates or restricts membership in the organization express.
Exit is defined as an active and destructive response by which an individual terminates or restricts membership in the organization.Neglect is defined as a passive and destructive response in which interest and effort in work diminishes an active and constructive response in which individuals attempt to improve the situation.Organizational commitment refers to the level of commitment and dedication of the team. members feel toward their individual jobs and the organization.It also describes the different reasons why professionals stay with one employer instead of looking for opportunities elsewhere.My response indicates that I am destructive because I immediately change the subject to talk about myself, ignoring their concerns. In addition,I am passive because I do not get involved in the subject.
To learn more about destructive response please click on below link.
https://brainly.com/question/29534280.
#SPJ4
suppose warren, who owns a bakery, is deciding whether to increase his daily production of cakes. all of warren's cakes sell for $40 each, and the average cost of making each cake is $35. is this enough information to decide whether warren should increase his production of cakes?
No, this is not enough information to decide whether Warren should increase his production of cake.
Warren needs to consider more than just the cost of each cake. He should take into account the cost of ingredients, labor, and overhead expenses such as rent and utilities. He should also consider the demand for his cakes and the amount of time he has available to dedicate to production.
Furthermore, Warren should consider any potential risks associated with increasing production such as potential spoilage, customer complaints, and the impact of competition.
All of these factors must be taken into account before Warren can make a decision about increasing his production of cake.
To learn more about overhead visit:
https://brainly.com/question/8148429
#SPJ4
titleist golf produces many major brands that all have their own brand name (ex., titleist, footjoy, staysoft, long drive, etc.). this is a house of brands approach to brand naming, select one: true false
The answer is true, titleist golf produces many major brands that all have their own brand name (ex., titleist, footjoy, staysoft, long drive, etc.). this is a house of brands approach to brand naming is true.
What is the definition of a brand simple?A brand is a good, service, or idea that is publicly set apart from similar ones. This makes it simple to convey and generally promote. The process of developing and promoting a brand's name, attributes, and personality is known as branding.
What exactly does brand in business mean?Branding is the process of giving your company a unique identity in the eyes of your target market and customers. The logo, graphic design, mission, and tone of voice of a corporation make up its branding at its most fundamental level.
To know more about Brands visit:
https://brainly.com/question/22068280
#SPJ4
if a 10 percent decrease in the price of a good leads to a 20 percent increase in the quantity demanded, then what is the price elasticity of demand?
The price elasticity of demand can be calculated as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price.
In this case, the price elasticity of demand is calculated as follows:
% Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Price = 20% / -10% = -2
So the price elasticity of demand is -2, which indicates that the demand for the good is elastic. An elasticity value greater than 1 means that the demand is elastic, which means that changes in price have a significant effect on the quantity demanded. In this case, a 10 percent decrease in the price leads to a 20 percent increase in the quantity demanded, which shows that the demand is quite responsive to changes in price.
To learn more about price elasticity please click on below link.
https://brainly.com/question/13014681
#SPJ4
an organization must prepare ______ and bylaws when forming a corporation.
Answer:
Explanation:perancangan
the most liquid securities traded in the capital market are mortgage-backed securities. municipal bonds. u.s. treasury bonds. corporate bonds.
The most liquid securities traded in the capital market is "U.S. Treasury bonds" .
U.S. Treasury bonds are considered the most liquid securities traded in the capital market due to their high level of demand and wide acceptance as a benchmark for the risk-free rate of return. Treasury bonds are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, making them a safe investment option with low credit risk.
They also have an active and transparent secondary market, making it easy for investors to buy and sell them. Corporate bonds, municipal bonds, and mortgage-backed securities are also traded in the capital market, but their liquidity can vary and they typically carry a higher level of credit risk compared to Treasury bonds.
Complete question:
The most liquid securities traded in the capital market are:
A) corporate bonds B) municipal bonds C) U.S. Treasury bonds
D) mortgage-backed securities
Read more about Capital markets:
https://brainly.com/question/30227438
#SPJ4
true or false: the relative price of two different elements can be estimated by their relative difference in extraplanetary abundance.
True, the relative price of two different elements can be estimated by their relative difference in extraplanetary abundance.
The relative price of two different elements can, to some extent, be estimated by their relative difference in extraplanetary abundance. This is because the abundance of elements in the universe is related to their relative abundance on Earth, and elements that are more abundant in the universe are generally also more abundant on Earth, which affects their cost and market price. For example, elements that are relatively abundant in the universe, such as aluminum, are relatively cheap compared to elements that are rarer in the universe, such as gold or platinum, which are more expensive. The relative abundance of elements in the universe can therefore be used to estimate their relative price on Earth. However, it's important to note that other factors, such as production costs and market demand, can also significantly impact the price of elements.
To know more about relative price:
https://brainly.com/question/14223290
#SPJ4
most of the great businesses that have been successful for at least 50 years (companies such as walt disney, sony, and merck) did not start with a/an:
Most of the great businesses that have been successful for at least 50 years did not start with a complete business plan.
When these companies were first established, their founders likely had a vision for their business, but they likely did not have a fully developed plan for how they were going to achieve their goals.
As they began to grow and develop, they likely adapted and adjusted their strategies along the way, making changes and pivoting as needed in response to market conditions and other external factors.
The important thing for these companies was not starting with a complete business plan, but rather their ability to be flexible, adaptable, and responsive to changes in their environment. Over time, they were able to build a strong foundation for their business and establish themselves as leaders in their respective industries.
In conclusion, while a comprehensive business plan can be helpful in guiding the growth and development of a business, it is not necessarily the most critical factor in determining the success of a company over the long term.
To learn more about businesses click on,
https://brainly.com/question/18233448
#SPJ4
a 5-year $10,000 loan with a 15-year amortization period paid monthly at 10 percent, compounded monthly, will have monthly payments of
The monthly payment amount for this loan would be approximately $146.67 with a 15-year amortization.
To calculate the monthly payment amount for this loan, we can use the formula for an annuity payment:
A = P * r * (1 + r)^n / ((1 + r)^n - 1)
Where:
A = monthly payment
P = loan amount ($10,000)
r = monthly interest rate (10% / 12 = 0.00833)
n = number of payments (15 years * 12 months/year = 180 payments)
Plugging in the values, we get:
A = $10,000 * 0.00833 * (1 + 0.00833)^180 / ((1 + 0.00833)^180 - 1)
A = $146.67
So, the monthly payment amount for this loan would be approximately $146.67.
To know more about loan:
https://brainly.com/question/30056633
#SPJ4
roberta has just hired two new employees to work in the quality control lab. she is now training them for their jobs. what managerial role is she playing here? group of answer choices planner developer leader entrepreneur
Option (c), Two new hires have just been made by Roberta to work in the quality control lab. Currently, she is preparing them for their jobs. She is acting in a managerial capacity here as a leader.
What qualities do you think make a management effective?Good leaders support and believe in the abilities of their staff. In front of superiors, they speak up on behalf of their group and defend them. They confidently delegate tasks without engaging in micromanagement. They understand that having confidence in capable employees provides them the freedom to advance their careers at their own pace.
What does having leadership skills involve?Your leadership potential refers to your capacity to modify your leadership style to develop more effective means of obtaining results. To be a successful leader, you must have a complete understanding of both the work you are doing and of people as a whole. If you want to be a great leader, you must also be flexible.
Learn more about leadership: https://brainly.com/question/29452698
#SPJ4
a(n) is a favorable set of circumstances that creates the need for a new product, service, or business. a(n) is a thought, an impression or a notion.
An opportunity is a favorable set of circumstances that creates the need for a new product, service, or business. An idea is a thought, an impression or a notion.
Anything you sell to fulfill a customer's need or desire is a product. They could be real or virtual. Physical products can be either non-durable (like food and drinks) or durable (like automobiles, furniture, and computers). Virtual products are offerings of experiences or services (like software, education, and streaming services).
Another type of product is a hybrid, which combines both real-world and digital components (such as a kitchen appliance with a dedicated app for smartphones). In order to better reach and serve customers, traditionally analog products are incorporating digital technology, which has led to an increase in the prevalence of hybrid products.
We can better understand various product types by using these categories. But they are not inflexible laws. Software, for instance, can be categorized as both a product
To know more about business here
https://brainly.com/question/24553900
#SPJ4
madison promises grace $10 if grace collects her dry cleaning for her. this is an example of a(n) contract.
A unilateral contract expressly states that payment will be made solely via the performance of one party.
A unilateral contract is a business arrangement in which an offeror commits to pay when a certain act occurs.A award or a contest is another example of a unilateral contract. In a unilateral contract,the offeror has the right to rescind the offer before the offeree starts performing.Typically, the revocation must be expressed.In general,unilateral contracts are utilized when an offeror has an open request for payment for a specific conduct.Any sales agreement is an example of a bilateral contract. A car buyer may agree to pay the seller a certain amount of money in exchange for the car's title.The seller agrees to surrender the title to the car in exchange for the specified sales amount.
To learn more about contract please click on below link.
https://brainly.com/question/30101936.
#SPJ4
the state of illinois placed a lien on margo's property that must be resolved upon margo's death or when margo's property no longer meets certain criteria. what type of lien is this?
The type of lien placed on Margo's property is a tax lien.A tax lien is a claim by the government on a property due to the owner's failure to pay taxes.
The government may place a lien on the property, which must be resolved either upon the owner's death or when the property no longer meets certain criteria, such as being sold or transferred. In this case, the state of Illinois has placed a lien on Margo's property due to unpaid taxes, which must be resolved either upon Margo's death or when the property no longer meets certain criteria. This is a common type of lien and is used by government agencies to ensure that tax debts are paid. If the lien is not resolved, the government may take legal action to seize the property and sell it to recover the outstanding taxes owed.
To learn more about illinois here:
https://brainly.com/question/13405245
#SPJ4
using the quantity equation for money, how would one interpret a financial crisis? how would it change the as-ad graph?
For any fixed money supply, the quantity equation fixes the nominal value of output PY, which is why the aggregate demand curve dips downward.
As a result, if the price level decreases, output must increase the financial, and vice versa. The quantity theory of money provides a conceptual framework for comprehending how variations in price relate to the availability of money in an economy. It makes the case that inflation results from an expansion of the money supply and vice versa.
This can be used to solve the quantity equation during crisis: real GDP price level money supply velocity of money. Money supply and money velocity growth rates add up to inflation and economic growth rates. The average price level of products and services, in accordance with the quantity theory of money.
Learn more about financial crisis Visit: brainly.com/question/25664180
#SPJ4
all corporations are obligated to promote the well-being of society. at the minimum, this obligation demands that the insurer should
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-policing corporate strategy that enables an organization to be socially accountable to its customers, employees, and stakeholders.
Companies can be aware of their impact on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of society by engaging in corporate social responsibility, often known as corporate citizenship.
Blue Cross Organizations affiliated with BlueShield are nonprofits. Although they are more appropriately referred to as service companies, they are not legally insurers.
A life insurance policy that participates Life insurance plans with a return of divvy excess are issued by a cooperative insurer.
A mutual insurance firm is one in which the holders of insured policyowners are also its stockholders (owners).
Mutual insurers issue participating policies that give policyholders a stake in the business and income from the earnings that can be divided up.
A multi-organizational insurance firm called a member-owned group captive is created and managed to cover specific risks for the member enterprises.
Learn more about Corporations here
https://brainly.com/question/28329571
#SPJ4