According to 2018 Sustainable Trade Index commissioned by the Hinrich Foundation, trade is a key ingredient in economic development but cannot be pursued without companies and countries committing to

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Answer 1

According to the 2018 Sustainable Trade Index commissioned by the Hinrich Foundation, trade is a crucial factor in economic development. However, it cannot be pursued without companies and countries committing to sustainable practices.

The report emphasizes the importance of integrating sustainability practices into trade policies and practices to achieve long-term economic growth and development. This includes ensuring that trade policies promote social and environmental sustainability, as well as economic prosperity.

The Sustainable Trade Index evaluates 19 economies across Asia, the Americas, and Europe on their readiness to participate in global trade based on economic, social, and environmental sustainability factors. It aims to encourage policymakers, businesses, and civil society to work together to improve sustainability and create shared value through trade.

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The principle of ________ provides information to the entrepreneur about how time is currently being allocated, which will also highlight inefficient or inappropriate investments of time.

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The principle being referred to is the "opportunity cost" principle.

Here are some points explaining:

1. Definition: Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone in order to pursue a certain action or investment.

2. Importance: The concept of opportunity cost is crucial for entrepreneurs because time is a limited resource, and making the best use of it is essential for business success.

By understanding the opportunity cost of different actions and investments, entrepreneurs can make more informed decisions about how to allocate their time and resources.

3. Identifying inefficient or inappropriate investments of time: The concept of opportunity cost helps entrepreneurs identify inefficient or inappropriate investments of time.

4. Evaluating trade-offs: Entrepreneurs often face trade-offs when deciding how to allocate their time and resources.

The opportunity cost principle helps them evaluate these trade-offs by comparing the benefits of different options with the costs of pursuing them.

5. Making better decisions: By using the opportunity cost principle, entrepreneurs can make better decisions about how to allocate their time and resources.

They can identify opportunities to invest their time more effectively, avoid wasting time on activities that don't add value to the business, and make more informed decisions about how to prioritize different tasks.

In conclusion, the opportunity cost principle is a valuable tool for entrepreneurs to understand how time is being allocated and to identify inefficient or inappropriate investments of time.

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Premium Pet Supplies has sales of $98,400. The costs of goods sold are $55,000 and the other cash operating costs are $21,000. Depreciation expense is $12,000 and the tax rate is 35 percent. What is the net income of the company

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Here's the answer: The net income of Premium Pet Supplies is $6,260.


1. First, calculate the gross profit by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the sales.
  Gross Profit = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold
  Gross Profit = $98,400 - $55,000
  Gross Profit = $43,400

2. Next, calculate the operating income by subtracting the other cash operating costs and depreciation expense from the gross profit.
  Operating Income = Gross Profit - Other Cash Operating Costs - Depreciation Expense
  Operating Income = $43,400 - $21,000 - $12,000
  Operating Income = $10,400

3. Finally, calculate the net income by subtracting taxes from the operating income. To do this, first find the amount of taxes by multiplying the operating income by the tax rate.
  Taxes = Operating Income * Tax Rate
  Taxes = $10,400 * 0.35
  Taxes = $3,640

  Now, subtract the taxes from the operating income to find the net income.
  Net Income = Operating Income - Taxes
  Net Income = $10,400 - $3,640
  Net Income = $6,260

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As a salesperson, Harold is paid based on a percentage of the value of the products and services he sells. In other words, he is paid on a ______ basis. a. bonus b. commission c. base pay d. value pay

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As a salesperson, Harold is paid based on a percentage of the value of the products and services he sells. In other words, he is paid on a commision basis

A commission is a form of compensation that is based on a percentage of the sales made by an individual. In this case, Harold is a salesperson who is paid based on the value of the products and services he sells.

This means that his compensation is directly tied to his performance and his ability to generate sales. The more he sells, the more he earns in commissions. This type of compensation structure can be a strong motivator for salespeople, as it incentivizes them to work hard and perform well in order to earn more money.

Commission-based pay is common in sales roles across various industries, including retail, real estate, and finance. It is often used to reward high-performing employees and to align their interests with the company's goals. However, it is important for companies to ensure that their commission structures are fair and transparent to avoid any potential issues or conflicts

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The high-low method is used in classifying a mixed cost into its variable and fixed elements. Group of answer choices True False

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True.The high-low method is used in classifying a mixed cost into its variable and fixed elements.

The high-low method is a commonly used technique for separating a mixed cost into its variable and fixed components. The method involves selecting the highest and lowest levels of activity within a given time period and using the difference in cost between those two levels to estimate the fixed and variable components of the cost.

Specifically, the high-low method involves calculating the variable cost per unit of activity by dividing the change in cost by the change in activity between the high and low levels. The fixed cost component is then calculated by subtracting the total variable cost from the total cost at either the high or low level of activity.

Overall, the high-low method is a useful tool for managers to gain insight into the behavior of mixed costs and can help in making decisions related to pricing, cost control, and profitability.

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Today the problem of the imbalance between revenues and expenditures in the federal budget is being compounded by:

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Today, the problem of the imbalance between revenues and expenditures in the federal budget is being compounded by several factors. One major factor is the aging population, which has led to increased demand for entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare.

These programs are currently funded through payroll taxes, which may not be sufficient to cover the growing costs as the population ages. Another factor is the increasing cost of healthcare, which has driven up spending on programs such as Medicaid.

Additionally, the recent tax cuts and increased government spending have contributed to a widening deficit. The COVID-19 pandemic has also had a significant impact, as emergency spending measures to support businesses and individuals have added to the deficit.

These factors have made it increasingly difficult to balance the federal budget, and there is a growing concern over the long-term implications of continued deficit spending.

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If the government levies a $1,000 tax per boat on sellers of boats, then the price paid by buyers of boats would Group of answer choices increase by more than $1,000. increase by exactly $1,000. increase by less than $1,000. decrease by an indeterminate amount.

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Answer:

increase by less than $1,000

In the context of the DMAIC process, _____ provide a broad overview of the key elements in the process and help to explain who is the process owner, how inputs are acquired, who the process serves, and how it adds value.

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In the context of the DMAIC process, a process map provides a broad overview of the key elements in the process. A process map is a visual representation of the steps and activities involved in a process, from the beginning to the end.

The key elements of the DMAIC process include Defining, Measuring, Analyzing, Improving, and Controlling. The Define phase involves defining the problem or opportunity that needs to be addressed. The Measure phase involves collecting data to understand the current performance of the process. The Analyze phase involves analyzing the data to identify the root cause of the problem. The Improve phase involves implementing solutions to address the root cause of the problem. The Control phase involves monitoring and controlling the process to ensure that the improvements are sustained. The process owner is responsible for the overall management of the process.

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Business firms that lobby their governments to engage in protectionism may miss the opportunity to build _____ by constructing a globally dispersed production system.

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Answer:

Business firms that lobby their governments to engage in protectionism may miss the opportunity to build efficiency by constructing a globally dispersed production system.

The life cycle for electronic records includes a. creation, classification, distribution and use, retention and maintenance, and disposition. b. creation, usage, maintenance, and destruction. c. creation and storage, maintenance, disposition, and back-up. d. creation and storage, disposition and use, maintenance, and transfer.

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The correct answer to the question about the life cycle for electronic records is option A, which includes creation, classification, distribution and use, retention and maintenance, and disposition. This life cycle outlines the key stages that electronic records go through from their creation to their eventual disposal.

Maintenance is a critical component of the life cycle for electronic records. Once electronic records are created, they must be maintained in order to ensure that they remain accurate, complete, and accessible over time. This involves regular checks to ensure that the records are still readable, that they are stored securely, and that they are backed up to prevent loss or corruption.

Effective maintenance also involves implementing policies and procedures that address the preservation of electronic records. This includes establishing guidelines for storing and managing electronic records, ensuring that they are protected against unauthorized access, and establishing processes for disposing of records that are no longer needed.

Overall, the life cycle for electronic records is a complex process that requires careful attention to ensure that records are maintained and preserved over time. By following best practices for maintenance and implementing effective policies and procedures, organizations can ensure that their electronic records remain accessible and usable for many years to come.

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Explain to the Sampsons why there is a tradeoff when investing in bank CDs versus stock to support their children's future college education.

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Bank CDs (Certificates of Deposit) and stocks are two different types of investments that offer different tradeoffs when it comes to investing for college education.

Bank CDs typically offer a fixed interest rate for a specified period, ranging from a few months to several years. The interest rate on bank CDs is usually lower than the returns on stocks, but they are considered to be less risky and offer guaranteed returns.

On the other hand, investing in stocks can potentially offer higher returns but is associated with higher risk. The value of stocks can fluctuate significantly due to market volatility, economic conditions, and company-specific factors. While investing in stocks can offer the potential for higher returns, it is not guaranteed, and investors may experience losses.

The decision between investing in bank CDs versus stocks ultimately depends on the Sampsons' investment goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon. If the Sampsons prioritize safety and security of their investment and have a short-term time horizon, bank CDs may be a better option. However, if they are willing to take on more risk and have a longer-term time horizon, stocks may be a better option to potentially earn higher returns.

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Currency held by the public, balances in transactions accounts, plus balances in most savings accounts and money market mutual funds added together is: Group of answer choices M1 M2 M3 L

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M2 refers to the total amount of money in circulation, transaction account balances, most savings account balances, and money market mutual fund balances.


M2 is the total of the balances in transaction accounts, most savings accounts, money market mutual funds, and currency held by the general public.

M2, a measurement of the money supply, includes all components of M1 (publicly held money and transaction account balances) as well as "near money," which is made up of savings accounts, money market securities, and other liquid assets.

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An e-mail from Amazon offers free shipping on your next purchase of more than $35. This is an example of ________. Group of answer choices sales promotion personal selling public relations an advertising objective a push strategy

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An e-mail from Amazon offering free shipping on your next purchase of more than $35. This is an example of a sales promotion.

Sales promotion is a marketing technique aimed at boosting sales by offering incentives to customers, such as discounts, free shipping, or gifts with purchase. In this case, Amazon uses the free shipping offer to encourage customers to spend more than $35 on their next purchase.

This type of promotion helps to attract new customers, retain existing ones, and stimulate higher spending per transaction. Unlike personal selling, which involves direct interaction between a salesperson and a customer, sales promotions are typically communicated through advertising channels like e-mails, websites, or social media.

Public relations, on the other hand, focuses on managing a company's image and building positive relationships with stakeholders. An advertising objective is a specific goal that an ad campaign seeks to achieve, while a push strategy refers to promoting products through distribution channels to reach consumers.

In summary, the Amazon e-mail offering free shipping on purchases over $35 is an example of a sales promotion, which is designed to incentivize customers to make a purchase and increase sales.

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Find the future value of an annuity of $100 per year for 10 years at 10 percent per year. Multiple choice question. $1,755.25 $1,593.75 $1,682.09 $1,437.60

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The future value of the annuity is $1,682.09.

The formula for calculating the future value of an annuity is:

FV = Pmt x [(1 + r)^(n-1) / r]

Where:

Pmt = the amount of the periodic payment ($100)

r = the interest rate per period (10% per year)

n = the number of periods (10 years)

Plugging in the values, we get:

FV = $100 x [(1 + 0.10)^(10-1) / 0.10] = $1,682.09

Therefore, the future value of the annuity is $1,682.09.

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Suppose the marginal product of labor is 8 and the marginal product of capital is 2. If the wage rate is $4 and the price of capital is $2, then in order to minimize costs the firm should a. use more capital and less labor. b. use more labor and less capital. c. use three times more capital than labor. d. none of the above.

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The correct answer is a. use more capital and less labour. This is because the marginal product of labour is higher than the marginal product of capital, meaning that each additional unit of labour is producing more output than each additional unit of capital. However, the wage rate for labor is twice as high as the price of capital, meaning that it is more expensive for the firm to use labor than capital. Therefore, in order to minimize costs while still producing the same level of output, the firm should use more capital and less labour.


Your question is: Suppose the marginal product of labour is 8 and the marginal product of capital is 2. If the wage rate is $4 and the price of capital is $2, then in order to minimize costs the firm should a. use more capital and less labor. b. use more labour and less capital. c. use three times more capital than labour. d. none of the above.

To determine the cost-minimizing input combination, we can use the following equation:

(Marginal product of labor / Wage rate) = (Marginal product of capital / Price of capital)

Now, let's plug in the given values:

(8 / $4) = (2 / $2)

2 = 1

Since the ratio on the left is greater than the one on the right, the firm should use more labor and less capital. Therefore, the answer is:

b. use more labour and less capital.

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If a cutoff scores is set based on the qualifications deemed necessary to perform a job, it is most likely the ________ method of determining cut scores.

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If a cutoff score is set based on the qualifications deemed necessary to perform a job, it is most likely the content-validation method of determining cut scores. This method involves analyzing the tasks and responsibilities of the job to determine the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform the job successfully.

The cutoff score is then set based on the level of proficiency needed to meet these qualifications. This process typically involves a job analysis, which includes collecting data on the job duties, skills, and knowledge required to perform the job, and developing test items or other assessment tools that measure these qualifications. The cutoff score is typically set based on a predetermined standard, such as a passing score or a minimum level of proficiency, and may be adjusted over time based on changes in the job requirements or performance expectations.

This approach is often used in high-stakes testing situations, such as licensing exams or certification assessments, where it is important to ensure that candidates have the necessary qualifications to perform the job or task at hand. In summary, the content-validation method of determining cutoff scores involves setting a score based on the qualifications necessary to perform the job, which is determined through a job analysis process. This method typically involves setting a passing score or minimum level of proficiency based on predetermined standards.

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A recent formulation of the modularity position, which more precisely delineates the kinds of interaction with the environment that are required for development to occur, is:

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A recent formulation of the modularity position has more precisely delineated the kinds of interaction with the environment that are required for development to occur.

The modularity position proposes that the mind is composed of specialized modules that process information from specific domains such as language, social interactions, and spatial reasoning. These modules are thought to be innate and genetically determined, and they develop through interactions with the environment.

However, the recent formulation of the modularity position suggests that these interactions with the environment must be more specific than previously thought. Specifically, they must involve input that is relevant to the domain of the module in question. For example, language modules require exposure to language input, while social interaction modules require exposure to other people and their behaviors.

In other words, the environment must provide the appropriate stimuli for each module to develop fully. This updated understanding of the modularity position emphasizes the importance of environmental factors in shaping cognitive development, and it underscores the need for targeted interventions in cases where specific modules may be impaired or underdeveloped.

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On October 1, 20X1, Paige Turner Publishing received $51,600 in cash for monthly subscriptions covering one year, recording the entry as a debit to Cash and a credit to Unearned Subscriptions. The correct adjusting entry at December 31, 20X1, is

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At the end of December 31, 20X1, Paige Turner Publishing needs to adjust its accounts to reflect the portion of the subscription revenue that has been earned during the year. Since the company received the full payment for the annual subscription in cash, it recorded the transaction as a debit to Cash and a credit to Unearned Subscriptions.

However, at the end of the year, the company has only earned a portion of the revenue.

The adjusting entry at December 31, 20X1, should be a debit to Unearned Subscriptions and a credit to Subscription Revenue. The amount to be adjusted is calculated as follows:

Total subscription revenue for the year = $51,600
Portion of revenue earned by December 31, 20X1 = 3/12 (since 3 months out of 12 have passed)
Revenue earned by December 31, 20X1 = $51,600 x 3/12 = $12,900

Therefore, the adjusting entry would be:

Debit Unearned Subscriptions $12,900
Credit Subscription Revenue $12,900

This entry will reduce the balance in Unearned Subscriptions by the amount of revenue that has been earned by the end of the year and recognize it as Subscription Revenue. This adjustment ensures that the company's financial statements accurately reflect the portion of revenue that has been earned during the year.

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1. How can the principles of classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning be applied to the development of marketing strategies

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Classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning are two principles of learning that can be effectively applied in the development of marketing strategies.

Classical conditioning involves associating a specific stimulus with a particular response, while instrumental conditioning involves using rewards and punishments to shape behavior. In marketing, classical conditioning can be used to associate a brand with positive emotions or experiences.

For example, a company may use a catchy jingle or a specific color scheme in their advertisements to create a positive association with their brand. By consistently pairing the brand with these stimuli, consumers will begin to automatically associate the brand with positive feelings, making them more likely to purchase the product.

Instrumental conditioning can be used to encourage consumer behavior through the use of rewards and punishments. For example, a loyalty program that rewards customers for repeat purchases can encourage continued business. Additionally, offering discounts or promotions for early adopters of a new product can encourage consumers to try it out and potentially become long-term customers.

In order to effectively apply these principles, marketers must have a detailed understanding of their target audience and their behavior. By analyzing consumer behavior and tailoring marketing strategies to their specific needs and preferences, marketers can use classical and instrumental conditioning to drive sales and build brand loyalty.

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H. Aunt Augusta loaned her nephew $5,000 with an oral agreement he would repay the money the following year. If she wants to use this agreement as collateral, how would it be classified

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If H. Aunt Augusta wants to use the oral agreement as collateral, it would be classified as an unsecured loan. An unsecured loan is a loan that is not backed by any collateral or asset. In this case, the oral agreement between Aunt Augusta and her nephew is not backed by any physical collateral, such as property or investments.

The lack of collateral increases the risk for the lender, as there is no asset that can be seized in the event of default. As a result, unsecured loans typically have higher interest rates than secured loans.

In this case, if Aunt Augusta wishes to use the oral agreement as collateral, she may have difficulty finding a lender willing to provide a loan on those terms.

It is important to note that oral agreements can be difficult to enforce in court, as they lack the written documentation that would make it clear what the terms of the agreement were.

If Aunt Augusta wishes to use the loan as collateral, she may need to seek legal advice to ensure that the terms of the loan are clearly documented and enforceable.

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Keating Co. is considering disposing of equipment with a cost of $54,000 and accumulated depreciation of $37,800. Keating Co. can sell the equipment through a broker for $26,000 less 9% commission. Alternatively, Gunner Co. has offered to lease the equipment for five years for a total of $45,000. Keating will incur repair, insurance, and property tax expenses estimated at $10,000 over the five-year period. At lease-end, the equipment is expected to have no residual value. The net differential income from the lease alternative is

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the net differential income from the lease alternative is $13,853.

The book value of the equipment is $54,000 - $37,800 = $16,200.

If Keating Co. sells the equipment through a broker, it will receive $26,000 less 9% commission, or $23,660:

$26,000 - 0.09 x $26,000 = $23,660

If Keating Co. leases the equipment to Gunner Co., it will receive $45,000 over five years, but will also incur expenses of $10,000 for repairs, insurance, and property taxes. The net differential income from the lease alternative is:

Net present value of cash inflows from lease:

PV = $45,000 / (1 + r)^1 + $45,000 / (1 + r)^2 + $45,000 / (1 + r)^3 + $45,000 / (1 + r)^4 + $45,000 / (1 + r)^5

where r is the discount rate

PV = $45,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1 + $45,000 / (1 + 0.06)^2 + $45,000 / (1 + 0.06)^3 + $45,000 / (1 + 0.06)^4 + $45,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5

= $38,476

Net present value of cash outflows from lease:

PV = $10,000 / (1 + r)^1 + $10,000 / (1 + r)^2 + $10,000 / (1 + r)^3 + $10,000 / (1 + r)^4 + $10,000 / (1 + r)^5

= $8,423

Net differential income = PV of cash inflows - PV of cash outflows - book value

= $38,476 - $8,423 - $16,200

= $13,853

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Why do companies typically use operating income and assets as opposed to net income and total assets in calculating return on investment

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Companies typically use operating income and assets instead of net income and total assets when calculating return on investment (ROI) because these metrics better represent the performance and efficiency of their primary operations.

Firstly, operating income focuses on the core operations of a business, reflecting the profits generated from day-to-day activities.

It excludes non-operating items such as interest, taxes, and one-time gains or losses. In contrast, net income takes into account all revenues and expenses, including non-operating items. Using operating income in ROI calculations allows companies to better understand how efficiently their primary operations are performing and make informed decisions for improvement.Secondly, using operating assets instead of total assets provides a more accurate measure of the assets employed in the company's primary activities. Operating assets include items like inventory, accounts receivable, and property, plant, and equipment used directly in generating income. Total assets, on the other hand, consist of both operating and non-operating assets, such as investments or idle property. In summary, companies prefer to use operating income and assets in ROI calculations because these metrics better represent the performance and efficiency of their primary operations. This approach allows businesses to gain valuable insights into their core activities and make well-informed decisions for growth and improvement.

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Auditors have a responsibility to report on all FASB-required supplementary information for publicly-traded companies. Group of answer choices true false

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The statement that auditors have a responsibility to report on all FASB-required supplementary information for publicly-traded companies. false.

While auditors are responsible for expressing an opinion on the financial statements taken as a whole, they are not required to report on supplementary information, such as segment information, that is not considered part of the financial statements.

However, auditors are required to read and consider whether the supplementary information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements. They may also choose to perform additional procedures to obtain evidence about the supplementary information if necessary. Nonetheless, the auditor's primary responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements, not on the supplementary information.

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What is the current yield for a $1,000 corporate bond that pays 7 percent and has a current market value of $800

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The current yield for this corporate bond is 8.75%. This means that the bond is currently offering a return of 8.75% based on its current market value.

The current yield for a corporate bond is calculated by dividing the annual interest payment by the current market value of the bond. In this case, the corporate bond pays 7 percent on a $1,000 face value, which translates to an annual interest payment of $70.

To calculate the current yield, we need to divide the annual interest payment by the current market value of the bond. In this case, the current market value of the bond is $800. So, the current yield for the $1,000 corporate bond is:

Current yield = ($70 / $800) x 100% = 8.75%

It's important to note that the current yield is only one aspect of a bond's return. Other factors, such as the bond's duration, credit rating, and interest rate risk, should also be considered when evaluating a bond's potential return.

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A firm has a dividend yield of 9%. What is the expected return, if a firm has a 45% payout ratio, a return on equity of 10%, and assuming dividends grow at a constant rate

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if a firm has a 45% payout ratio, a return on equity of 10%, the expected return of the firm is 14.5%

To calculate the expected return of a firm, we need to use the dividend discount model, which is:

Expected Return = Dividend Yield + Dividend Growth Rate

The dividend yield is given as 9%, and we can calculate the dividend growth rate using the information provided:

Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends / Earnings

0.45 = Dividends / Earnings

Dividends = 0.45 * Earnings

Dividend Growth Rate = Retained Earnings * Return on Equity

Dividend Growth Rate = (1 - Payout Ratio) * Return on Equity

Dividend Growth Rate = (1 - 0.45) * 0.1

Dividend Growth Rate = 0.055

Now we can plug in the values to calculate the expected return:

Expected Return = Dividend Yield + Dividend Growth Rate

Expected Return = 0.09 + 0.055

Expected Return = 0.145 or 14.5%

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If Bruce Company fails to make an adjusting entry to accrue interest on a note receivable, then this error:

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If a company fails to make an adjusting entry to accrue interest on a note receivable, then this error B. Understates income

This is because interest income earned on the note receivable has not been recognized, resulting in an understatement of revenue and net income. An adjusting entry is an accounting entry made at the end of the accounting period to update the accounts and ensure that financial statements reflect accurate information. In the case of interest on a note receivable, an adjusting entry is required to reflect the interest that has been earned but not yet received. The entry debits the interest receivable account and credits the interest income account, recognizing the interest revenue earned during the period.

If this adjusting entry is not made, then the interest earned on the note receivable will not be included in the company's income statement, leading to an understatement of revenue and net income. This can have significant consequences for the company, as it may misrepresent the company's financial health and performance. Inaccurate financial statements can lead to incorrect business decisions, impacting the company's ability to secure financing or attract investors.

In conclusion, it is crucial for companies to make adjusting entries to accrue interest on a note receivable. Failure to do so can result in an understatement of income and inaccurate financial statements, which can have negative consequences for the company's operations and reputation. Therefore, Option B is correct.

The question was Incomplete, Find the full content below :

If a company fails to make an adjusting entry to accrue interest on a note receivable, then this error:

A. Overstates expenses

B. Understates income

C. Understates assets

D. Understates owners' equity

E. All of these except A

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If the market prices of each of the 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) all change by the same percentage amount during a given day, which stock will have the greatest impact on the DJIA?

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If the market prices of each of the 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average all change by the same percentage amount during a given day,

The stock that will have the greatest impact on the DJIA will be the one with the highest stock price. This is because the DJIA is a price-weighted index, which means that stocks with higher prices have a greater influence on the overall index value.

Therefore, a detailed answer to your question is that the stock with the highest price in the DJIA would have the greatest impact on the index if all stocks change by the same percentage amount.

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A credit market instrument that requires the borrower to make the same payment every period until the maturity date is known as a

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The  "fixed-payment loan." This type of credit market instrument requires the borrower to make a consistent payment every period until the maturity date of the loan.

The fixed-payment loan is structured to provide a predictable repayment plan for the borrower, allowing them to plan and budget accordingly. The fixed payment includes both the principal and interest payments, which are calculated based on the loan amount, interest rate, and term of the loan. This type of loan is commonly used for mortgages, car loans, and personal loans.

In a fixed-rate loan, the interest rate is set at the beginning of the loan and does not change throughout the entire duration. This results in equal payments being made by the borrower every period, which helps them budget and plan their finances more effectively. The payments include both principal and interest components, ensuring that the loan is fully paid off by the maturity date.

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An individual purchased a variable life insurance policy 10 years ago with a guaranteed death benefit of $100,000. The annual premium for this policy was $2,000 per year. The individual dies and, due to outstanding performance of the separate account, leaves a death benefit to the beneficiary of $121,000. What are the income tax consequences to that beneficiary

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The beneficiary of a life insurance policy generally does not have to pay income tax on the death benefit proceeds. Therefore, the beneficiary would not owe any income tax on the $121,000 received from the policy.

However, if the beneficiary chooses to receive the death benefit in installments rather than a lump sum, any interest earned on the installment payments would be subject to income tax. Additionally, if the policy was transferred to the beneficiary for value (such as in a sale or gift), there may be tax implications for the policy owner and/or beneficiary.

It is important to note that tax laws can be complex and vary depending on individual circumstances, so it may be beneficial to consult with a tax professional for specific advice related to this scenario.

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the end of a reporting period, ABC determines that its ending inventory has a cost of $300,000 and a net realizable value of $230,000. What would be the effect(s) of the adjustment to write down inventory to net realizable value

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The effect of adjusting the inventory to net realizable value would be a decrease in the value of inventory on the balance sheet and a corresponding decrease in the company's net income on the income statement.

This adjustment is necessary because inventory should be reported at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which means that if the net realizable value is less than the cost, the inventory should be written down to the lower value.

In this case, the adjustment would result in a decrease in inventory of $70,000 ($300,000 - $230,000) and a decrease in net income by the same amount.

This adjustment may also affect the company's financial ratios, such as the current ratio and the gross profit margin, which could impact how investors and creditors view the company's financial health.

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If each of two monopolistic competitors undertakes equally successful advertising efforts to attract consumers away from the other, the total result is that

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If each of two monopolistic competitors undertakes equally successful advertising efforts to attract consumers away from the other, the total result is likely to be a zero-sum game.

In other words, while each company may be successful in attracting some consumers, the overall market share and profits will remain relatively unchanged. This is because the advertising efforts cancel each other out, and the products themselves may not have significantly differentiating features or benefits to sway consumers towards one company over the other.

Additionally, the costs of advertising may outweigh the potential gains in market share, resulting in lower profits for both companies. Overall, in a monopolistic competition scenario where advertising is the primary strategy for differentiation, both companies may end up in a stalemate, with no clear winner or loser.

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