The percentage of people who develop alcohol dependence some time in life if they start drinking after 21 is 9%.
Why is it recommended to only drink after 21?Of the people who begin to drink earlier than 21, more than 30% of them will develop alcohol dependence at some point in their lives.
Those who start drinking after 21 however, will have more control which is shown by only 9% of them developing alcohol dependence later in life.
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When a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response will "die out" in a process called ________.
When a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response will "die out" in a process called extinction.
In psychology extinction refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that may result in the behavior decreasing or disappearing. Extinction refers to the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus.
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus which can eventually trigger a conditioned response, and an unconditioned stimulus causes a response without any prior learning on the part of the subject.
Hence, the process of extinction is when a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly present in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.
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In the long run, who are usually most seriously affected by divorce?
In the long run, children are usually most seriously affected by divorce.
Divorce can have a significant impact on the lives of the entire family. It has a great impact on the social and financial status of the family. Divorce usually precedes emotional or psychological separation and then ends with a legal divorce, but most couple relationships begin and end with an emotional divorce.
Divorce is stressful for all children, but some children recover faster than others. Parents can take steps to reduce the psychological impact of divorce on their children. Some supportive parenting strategies can help children adapt to the changes that divorce brings.
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What strategy for research is the only way to determine casual relationships between vraiables with certainty?
A true experiment is a strategy for research is the only way to determine casual relationships between variables with certainty.
A true design of experiments requires a random assignment. The control group does not receive intervention and the experimental group receives the intervention. The basic components of a real-world experiment include a pre-test, post-test, control, and experimental groups.
Example of a true experiment
Sarah made a hypothetical or knowledge-based guess about the relationship between drug X and anxiety. Sarah's hypothesis is that drug X reduces anxiety. Sarah's independent variable (predictor) is drag X. Her dependent variable (result variable) is anxious.
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What conclusion cannot be drawn? willie is the antagonist in "master harold" . . . and the boys hally might choose to continue in his father’s footsteps and preserve apartheid attitudes. sam and hally enjoy the intellectual exchange. hally is distressed upon hearing of his father’s return home.
The inference is that the conclusion that can't be drawn is A. willie is the antagonist in Master Harold.
Who is an antagonist?It should be noted that an antagonist simply n
means the villian in the story.
In this case, Willie is not the antagonist in Master Harold. The antagonist is Sam.
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Answer:that willie is the antagonist
Explanation:
The mental category created for a sound in language is called a , and the way it sounds when it is actually produced by the mouth is called the .
The mental category created for a sound in the language is called a phoneme, and the way it sounds when it is actually produced by the mouth is called the oral sounds.
What do phonemes mean?
The study of speech sounds in a language or languages, and the rules that control them, is known as phonology.
The study of phonology examines how sounds are used to distinguish linguistic elements and how the sound structure of the "same" element might change depending on the other sounds present in the surrounding context. Whereas both phonology and phonetics study sounds in natural language, phonology focuses on how those sounds are distributed and used within specific languages, while phonetics works with sounds from a language-independent perspective.
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The Impact of Respondent-Interviewer Familiarity and Participation in a Repeat Survey on Abortion Reporting: Evidence from Rajasthan, India
The Impact of Respondent-Interviewer Familiarity and Repeated Survey Participation on Abortion Reporting: Evidence from Rajasthan, India.
ABSTRACT
Context: Researchers have long assumed that familiarity between an interviewer and a survey participant reduces the validity of responses, especially for such sensitive behaviors as abortion. However, little empirical evidence exists on this issue.
Methods: Data on 6,041 women aged 15-49 and 133 interviewers who took part in the second (2017) round of the Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 survey in Rajasthan, India, were used to examine the effect of interviewer-respondent acquaintance and participation in the prior survey round on women's reporting of induced abortion. Associations were identified using multivariate, multilevel models that adjusted for respondent, interviewer and community characteristics, and that included interviewer random effects.
Results: On average, interviewers completed interviews with 41 respondents from their assigned cluster; they reported that they were acquainted with 61% of respondents and that 13% of respondents had participated in the prior survey round. Four percent of women reported having had an abortion. Neither interviewer-respondent acquaintance nor participation in the previous survey round was associated with abortion reporting in any of the multivariate models or in additional sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions: The findings do not support the hypothesis that respondent familiarity with the interviewer or the survey process is associated with lower reporting of sensitive behaviors, like abortion. Future studies should further explore these and other design features to identify those that provide statistically significant improvements in the reporting of abortion and other sensitive behaviors.
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Laws that require offenders to serve a substantial proportion of their sentence before being released is known as:_________.
Laws that require offenders to serve a substantial proportion of their sentence before being released is known as: truth-in-sentencing laws.
What is law?Law is a rule made by those in authority for people to obey. Laws are meant to create peace and tranquility in a society.
In other words, it refers to set of rules which administers our conduct and relating in a humanized society. A law is commonly made by a government, which citizens must follow or face punishment.
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In the period up to the end of the civil war and reconstruction, how well did the united states uphold and protect individual freedom?
Reconstruction was a success in that it restored the United States as a unified nation: by means of 1877, all of the former confederate states had drafted new constitutions, acknowledged the thirteenth, Fourteenth, and 15th Amendments, and pledged their loyalty to the U.S. authorities.
The Reconstruction era redefined U.S. citizenship and expanded the franchise, changed the relationship between the federal government and the governments of the states, and highlighted the differences between political and economic democracy.
Reconstruction becomes an achievement. power of the 14th and 15th Amendments. Amendments, helped African Americans to attain full civil rights within the twentieth century. in spite of the lack of ground that accompanied Reconstruction, African individuals succeeded in carving out a degree of independence within Southern society.
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Internal push is to external pull as ________ is to ________.
Internal push is to external pull as need is to incentive.
What is Internal Push & External Pull ?
Push motivation is a behavior that an individual forces themselves to complete in order to satisfy a need or achieve a goal. Whereas, Pull motivation is a behavior that an individual feels drawn towards.
An internal state of tension that pushes one to act is need, while incentive is an external stimulus that pulls one to act. Both an internal state of tension and any external stimulus motivates behavior.
Need to focuses on internal factors in motivation. According to incentive theory, people get motivated by external rewards.
Therefore, we can conclude that the Correct Option is E. Internal push is to external pull as need is to incentive.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:
Internal push is to external pull as ________ is to ________.
a. incentive; extrinsic motivation
b. task leadership; social leadership
c. instinct; need
d. need; drive
e. need; incentive
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Describe two native american cultures that flourished in north america on the eve of columbus’s arrival and the similarities among them.
Mogollon and Hohokam are two native American cultures that flourished in north America on the eve of Columbus's arrival and the similarities among them.
Native American groups from Southern New Mexico, Southern Arizona, Northern Sonora, Northern Chihuahua, and Western Texas made up the Mogollon culture. Oasis America refers to the area's northern portion, while Arid America refers to the Mogollon culture's southern portion.
A civilization known as the Hohokam lived in the region of the American Southwest that is today Arizona in the United States and Sonora in Mexico. Cultural predecessors may have existed as early as 300 BC, and it existed between 300 and 1500 AD. There is disagreement among archaeologists over the political affiliation or relationship of the communities that practiced the culture.
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Deaf-mute"" an acceptable term? why/why not"" what about ""hearing-impaired""? what terms are acceptable?
Deaf-Mute – Another offensive term from the 18th-19th century, “mute” also means silent and without voice.
The current terminology used in today's deaf community is deaf and hard of hearing. In 1991, the World Federation of the Deaf voted to use the official language for deaf and hard of hearing. The National Association of the Deaf endorses these terms and they are used by most organizations dealing with the Deaf community.
Long used to refer to people with disabilities in addition to deafness, but is now used to refer to people with intellectual disability, deafblindness, deafblindness, deafness due to CP, etc. preferred term. : the official language of the deaf community
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Which part of the segment on endocrine disruptors did you find most interesting or disturbing? why? (cite details)
One of the most disturbing things on the endocrine disruptors would be the mutation on frogs . It is bizarre that scientists are beginning to find male frogs with ovaries , female frogs with male genitalia , and frogs with 6 legs.
The cause of this is an excess of salt in the water without an excess of the solutes. This is a case of water intoxication, and as a result of the water balance between the outside and inside of the cell, the extracellular fluid in this instance becomes diluted because the water concentration there is excessive. Water, the intracellular fluid, begins to enter the cell as a result of this.
This is the procedure of into osmosis and these are into osmosis. This balances the concentration of solutes on the two sides of the cell. This intracellular fluid exists as a result. These likewise deteriorate and, in the end, hyponatremia is the result. This is a fatal condition for people and other living things because the sodium content in the blood is lower than usual in this case.
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It is suspected that the prevalence of acute stress disorder is underestimated because:____.
a. clinicians are more likely to diagnose PTSD than ASD for insurance purposesb. people who have it are too embarrassed to ask for helpc. individuals may not seek treatment within the thirty-day period that defines itd. it is no a well-recognized diagnosis and is still controversial
It is suspected that the prevalence of acute stress disorder is underestimated because "individuals may not seek treatment within the thirty-day period that defines it."
Acute stress disorder (ASD) is an intense and unpleasant reaction that develops in the weeks following a traumatic event. Symptoms generally last for one month or less. If symptoms exists beyond one month, affected individuals are considered to have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
ASD's symptoms are anxiety, low mood, irritation, emotional ups and downs, poor sleep, poor concentration, wanting to be alone. Nightmares or flashbacks, which can be unpleasant. It is important to diagnose ASD just after a traumatic event or having symptoms because it may grow to PTSD if it is not diagnosed.
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In face-to-face conversations, Group of answer choices women provide less feedback via body language than men. men frown more often than women, and women smile more often than men. men are more likely to ask for help than women, but men and women are equally likely to offer help. women interrupt more often than men.
Men frown more often than women, and women smile more often than men.
How do men and women differ in their body language?
There are some observable variations between how men and women use nonverbal communication, such as body language, which is an essential part of human communication.
Body language of women:One of the more prevalent and observable aspects of female body language is head tilts. It can be used to show authority from a female's standpoint, but it can equally be interpreted as a sign of submission.Women also want to occupy the least amount of space feasible. Slouching, crossing their knees, keeping their hands and arms close to their bodies, and other actions help them do this. Women are perceived as having authority when they stand with their feet apart or with a straight back.Crossed arms or hands on the hips would be an aggressive posture used by women. Many females also engage in pacifying behaviors, such as touching their necks or fussing with their hair. Female gestures like smiling, blinking quickly, and locking ankles, are an indication of anxiety or discomfort. In particularly passionate conversations, women tend to nod more frequently than men do, and they frequently lean forward. Lip biting is also a typical feminine body language expression accompanied by close eye contact. It should be interpreted as an indication of unease if there is no eye contact.Body language of men:The most prevalent and obvious component of masculine body language is a man's stance. Square shoulders, hands at the sides, and forward hips define a powerful stance. Contrast this with a male aggressive stance, which would feature closed legs, a forward-leaning stance, and an upward-tilted chin. Men's body language can also be distinguished in part by their hand motions. Closed palms represent hostility or defensiveness, whereas open palms represent trust and openness. An upward-facing palm during a handshake may be a sign of submission, whereas a tight, solid grip shows dominance and assurance. Though every person is unique, males typically fidget out of boredom rather than tension, in contrast to females. A man's mood can be accurately predicted by his eye language. Like in women, rapid blinking might be a sign of tension or worry. Men who are intimidated or who have their heads bowed may also shrink into smaller spaces.Learn more about body language here:
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A new sort of ________ is emerging online: communities developing around common interests or shared identities.
A new sort of tribalism is emerging online: communities developing around common interests or shared identities.
What is tribalism?Being organized by or supporting a tribe is referred to as tribalism. Instead of bigger, more recently settled agricultural societies or civilizations, tiny hunter-gatherer groups have historically been the primary sites of human evolution.
In the evolution of humans, tribalism has a tremendously adaptive influence. Humans are social creatures that cannot survive on their alone. Tribalism and social ties keep members of the group loyal even when interpersonal relationships become strained. That prevents people from leaving or affiliating with other groups.
When practices and beliefs are passed down and practiced by groups with a shared identity but no centralized political organization or authority, this is referred to as tribalism.
Hence, tribalism is an appropriate response.
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Terrence and nate just met and they are asking each other basic information to get to know each other. Nate and terrence are in the ____ stage of friendship
Answer: Contact
Explanation:
Terrence and Nate just met and they are asking each other basic information to get to know each other. Nate and Terrence are in the contact stage of friendship.
Friendships, like relationships, go through numerous tiers. To assist Cate's parents out the way to make new pals, permit's look nearer at the three essential tiers of friendship: contact, involvement, and intimacy.
The 4 degrees are 1) Acquaintance, 2) Peer friend, three) close pal and 4) first-class pal. let's take a closer observation of everyone. All friendships first of all start off as an acquaintance. that is someone with whom you percentage and realize “public” records (data) approximately.
Aristotle considers virtue friendship as the very best form of friendship between humans; not like the first two types of friendships which might be more based totally on self-interest, the distinctive feature of friendship is based on 'mutual concern of everybody for the opposite for his personal sake'.
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Which of the following refers to a relatively permanent change in behavior that is caused by experience: Question 5 options: Learning Adjustment Reinforcement Shaping
Answer: Reinforcement
Explanation:
I would say reinforcement due to A: learning is not relatively permanent B: Adjustment is a beginning and C: Shaping is the completion of a change in behavior
which is a characteristic of a person with positive mental well-being a. ability work productivity by. ability to play sports well c. ability to create beautiful art d, ability to play video games well
The characteristic of a person with positive mental well-being a. the ability to work productivity.
Intellectual fitness is a kingdom of mental well-being that enables human beings to address the stresses of existence, recognize their talents, learn well and work properly, and make a contribution to their community.
Examples include desirable professional relationships, clear remarks and instructions, advantageous feedback, and work–existence balance. In comparison, elements that include bad or uncertain communique, unrealistic cut-off dates, negative relationships and place of work struggle, and a loss of aid can motivate terrible intellectual well-being.
Intellectual fitness includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences how we assume, feel, and act. It additionally facilitates determining how we handle the strain, relate to others, and make healthy choices. Mental health is crucial at each degree of existence, from youth and adolescence to adulthood.
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Cognitive restructuring is one of the best techniques for modifying irrational and/or distorted thinking.
Cognitive restructuring is one of the best techniques for modifying irrational and/or distorted thinking. True. Hence, the correct answer is True. Read below about cognitive restructuring.
What is cognitive restructuring?Cognitive restructuring is one of the best means for modifying irrational and/or distorted thinking. Mental toughness is an undoubted belief in one's ability to achieve one's goals.
Therefore, the correct answer is as given above
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The complete question goes thus:
Cognitive restructuring is one of the best techniques for modifying irrational and/or distorted thinking. T/F
According to phinney, stage 3 of ethnic minority identity formation is characterized by?
According to Phinney, stage 3 of ethnic minority identity formation is characterized by acceptance, internalization, and clear understanding of one’s ethnicity
The phrase "ethnic minority" refers to a person who is a member of an ethnic group that is seen negatively by society due to social and cultural traits that are distinct from or undervalued by the majority ethnic or cultural group.
White minorities like the Gypsy, Roma, and Irish Traveler populations are examples of ethnic minorities. For comparisons with the total White group, we refer to ethnic minorities as "ethnic minorities (excluding White minority)" or "all other ethnic groups together." One of the ethnic minorities that the PRC has acknowledged as existing in both mainland China and Taiwan are the Taiwanese aborigines.
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If you see a bird flying toward you this information is most likely processed in the?
If a bird flying toward you this information is most likely processed in the occipital lobe.
The part of the brain that processes vision is called the occipital lobe. It is linked to memory formation, object and face identification, colour perception, distance and depth perception, and visuospatial processing. That's why when a bird flying towards us the information processed in Occipital lope.
The area of the brain known as the occipital lobe is in charge of translating visual data into what a person sees as the outside world. Each of the four regions that make up the occipital lobe is in charge of a different aspect of vision.
Vision or the brain itself may become dysfunctional as a result of occipital lobe dysfunction. The occipital lobe and diseases like epilepsy might potentially be related.
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The U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) delegates responsibility for oversight of NHPs in international and interstate commerce to which of the following agencies or organizations
The U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) delegates responsibility for oversight of NHPs in international and interstate commerce to which of the following agencies or organizations the Endangered Species Act (ESA)
What is the endangered species act?This is the act that has to do with the conservation and the taking care of the animals that are seen as endangered species in the nation.
The goal is to stop them from going extinct in the world or in that part of the nation. The ESA act is known to be under the departments of fishery and wildlife in the United States.
They help by bringing out the programs that would help in the conservation of the lives of these animals in the country.
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According to mary wollstonecraft, under what circumstances does moral development thrive?
According to Mary Wollstonecraft, under what circumstances does moral development thrive when people's ideas and worldviews are challenged rather than uncritically affirmed.
A lot of the original radicalism in Mary Wollstonecraft's (1759–1797) appraisal of the state of women in contemporary society may still be found today.
Her views on the status of the female sex were part of an effort to gain a complete understanding of human connections within a culture that is more dominated by acquisitiveness and consumerism, which is one of the reasons her statements on the issue continue to be controversial.
After writing about politics, history, and many facets of philosophy in a variety of genres, including critical reviews, translations, pamphlets, and novels, she later published a book on the education of daughters.
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The majority of canadians live ____________________
The majority of Canadians live in Ontario, where one in three Canadians live, and Quebec where almost a quarter of Canadians live.
Canada is larger than the United States and is the second largest country in the world. However, despite its relatively small population, despite this vast territory, more than 90% of her Canadians live within her 150 miles of the US border.
The fourth largest country in terms of land area (the second largest country in total area) has a low population density for most of the country, with most of its population located south of the 55 degree north latitude line, a little over 60% of that. Is Canadian. He lives in two states, Ontario and Quebec.
About 70% of all Canadians live south of the 49th parallel, a virtual line that forms most of the Canadian-US border.
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________, an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, emerges and improves during middle childhood.
Metamemory is an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, emerges and improves during middle childhood.
What is metamemory?Metamemory is the ability of an individual to be conscious and aware of what he has in the memory.
These include content and information stored.
Therefore, Metamemory is an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, emerges and improves during middle childhood.
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Your uncle ralph owns a convenience store that also has similar stores own nationwide that are each owned by different people. his store is an example of a:_________
Your uncle Ralph owns a convenience store that also has similar stores own nationwide that are each owned by different people. his store is an example of a business franchise.
A franchise is a joint venture between a franchiser and a franchisee. The franchiser is the original company. It sells the right to use that name and idea. Franchisees purchase this right to sell franchiser products or services under existing business models and brands.
The main advantage of buying a franchise is that you have access to the brand name of an established company. Franchisers use the power of franchises as a system to build customer loyalty to attract and retain more customers. Franchisees have local market knowledge, which makes nationwide expansion easier and faster.
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Electronic data interchange (edi) and electronic funds transfer (eft) are forms of _____ e-commerce.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) and electronic funds transfer (eft) are forms of business-to-business e-commerce.
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce refers to the exchange of goods, services, or information between companies rather than between companies and consumers (B2C). A business-to-business transaction takes place between two businesses, such as online merchants and wholesalers. Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce offers the ideal platform for companies to start extensive analytics initiatives. E-commerce enables businesses to quickly assess the efficiency of their marketing initiatives, sales strategies, product mix, inventory turnover, and consumer involvement.
Compared to other company models, the B2B eCommerce model has a more stable market. B2B industries grow gradually and may adapt to a range of difficult market conditions. As a result, the commercial opportunities and online visibility are improved, and more potential clients and resellers are drawn in.
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As he entered the Burger Shack, featuring 30 different types of burgers, Carlton selected the one featured on the front of the menu. Carlton used the _______ route of persuasion.
As he entered the Burger Shack, featuring 30 different types of burgers, Carlton selected the one featured on the front of the menu. Carlton used the peripheral route of persuasion.
Peripheral Route to PersuasionThe indirect method of persuasion known as the peripheral route makes use of peripheral clues to have the audience positively associate the message. The peripheral approach relies on association with good qualities such as positive feelings rather than focusing on the facts and the quality of a product.When someone agrees with a speaker because they are gorgeous and brought pizza to the presentation, that is an example of the peripheral route to persuasion.It is a different source that has more of an impact on attitudes about objective facts. Longer communications typically have greater persuasive power than shorter ones if the listener is deviating from the main path. The message's length alone can be enough to convince readers who are reading in the background to accept it.
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A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight may have problems with blood pooling below the knees. why?
A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight may have problems with blood pooling below the knees because the skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.
The skeletal muscle pump functions every time a muscle contracts. If a person is not moving for long hours, the muscles do not contract, and the blood pools in the lower extremities.
It can also affect blood circulation and which lead to the development of blood clots. Airplane flights of long hours or more may be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, as these are serious complications of blood clots that may be fatal in some cases.
Hence, the answer was given and explained above.
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The vast majority of citizens take their cues about what to think from opinion leaders, making them ______.
The vast majority of citizens take their cues about what to think from opinion leaders, making them easily manipulated.
What is Propaganda?This refers to the use of words that are used to influence opinions about a particular thing and is usually false or contain elements of lies.
Hence, we can see that any citizen, anywhere in the world that takes their cues about what to think from opinion leaders, they are gullible and can easily be deceived and manipulated.
Therefore, to avoid this, it would be important that the citizens learn to think for themselves which would make them smarter and less susceptible to being manipulated by their opinion leaders and government through the use of propaganda.
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