A trait whose development requires the action of thousands of genes but whose variation is due to variation at only two loci is Digenic trait.
What are Digenic traits?Digenic traits are genetic traits that are controlled by two genes. Unlike many other traits, digenic traits are not solely determined by the interactions of the alleles of one gene. Digenic traits are often associated with diseases, and researchers have found that many diseases that were previously thought to be caused by mutations in a single gene are actually the result of mutations in two or more genes.
Digenic traits can be inherited in a variety of ways, including recessive inheritance, dominant inheritance, and additive inheritance. Research into digenic traits is important for understanding the genetic basis of disease and for developing treatments and cures for genetic disorders.
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lipophilic hormones are transported in blood ________ and bind to receptors located ________.
Lipophilic hormones are carried by carrier proteins through the bloodstream where they attach to receptors in the target cell.
What do hormones do to humans?Hormones have effects on blood sugar, blood volume, growth and fertility, sexual desire, metabolism, and maybe even sleep. They greatly affect our daily thoughts and actions. Without either a doubt, hormones are powerful.
What happens when your hormones are out of balance?It is true that hormonal abnormalities can contribute to a wide range of issues, including irregular periods, errant hair growth, difficulty getting pregnant, weight gain, or even trouble sleeping. Your doctor is the best person to discuss these issues with.
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Achondroplasia is a common cause of dwarfism in humans. All individuals with achondroplasia are thought to be heterozygous at the locus that controls this trait. When two individuals with achondroplasia mate, the offspring occur in a ratio of 2 achondroplasia:1 normal height. What is the most likely explanation for these observations?.
The most frequent cause for dwarfism is achondroplasia, a condition that results in abnormally small stature. Typically, this condition has the following effects: a typical-sized trunk.
What specific genetic alteration results in achondroplasia?Achondroplasia is a result of FGFR3 gene mutations. A protein essential in the growth and upkeep of bone & brain tissue can be produced thanks to the FGFR3 gene. The FGFR3 gene has two unique mutations that account for almost all occurrences of achondroplasia.
What traits are present in people who have achondroplasia?Clinical symptoms of achondroplasia include short stature, disproportionately short limbs and legs, small fingers, a big head (macrocephaly), and distinctive facial features, including a prominent brow (frontal bossing).
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which two of the following are macroeconomic factors?
_________ selection is the evolutionary process by which individuals of a species best adapted to their environment are the ones that survive and reproduce.
Natural selection selection is the evolutionary process by which individuals of a species best adapted to their environment are the ones that survive and reproduce.
Is there an evolutionary process that favors particular people or a species that has adapted to surviving and reproducing at its best?Natural selection is a technique used to adapt and transform populations of living things. People in a population are naturally diverse, which means that every person is distinctive in some ways. Due to this diversity, some people have traits that better suit their environment than others.
Which organisms are more adapted to their environment through the process of evolution?Natural selection is based on the premise that qualities that can be passed down enable organisms to adapt to their environment more successfully than other members of their own species. Comparatively speaking, this makes it possible for the species to survive and reproduce better, which results in evolution.
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The biological species concept relies on a disruption of which aspect of population genetics?
a. mutation
b. selection
c. gene flow
d. genetic drift
e. all of the above
The biological species concept relies on a disruption of which aspect of population genetics is c. gene flow.
The biological species idea is based on behavioral statistics and emphasizes reproductive isolation among organizations. The lineage species idea is based on genetic statistics and emphasizes awesome evolutionary trajectories among organizations, which bring about awesome lineages (branches on a phylogenetic tree). Biological species idea. In nineteen century the primary who produced the maximum quoted definition of what he called “biological species” changed into the zoologist Mayr (1942) who described species as: “organizations of truly or doubtlessly interbreeding herbal populations which can be reproductively remoted from different such organizations”.
Thus, option c is the correct choice.
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what did went’s experiments with the gelatin block demonstrate?A. Plants cannot be induced to bend during growth unless they are exposed to an indirect source of light.
B. Light induces the coleoptile to produce a diffusible substance that moves to the growing region of a plant where it stimulates cells to elongate.
C. Gelatin can enhance the movement of a soluble factor from the growing region of a plant to the coleoptile where it accelerates growth.
D. When a plant tip is removed from a growing plant, the plant acquires the ability to bend toward the light.
Went’s experiments with the gelatin block demonstrate (B) Light induces the coleoptile to produce a diffusible substance that moves to the growing region of a plant where it stimulates cells to elongate.
In his studies using the gelatin block, Went showed how light encourages the coleoptile to create a diffusible material that travels to the plant's growth area and prompts cells to elongate. The growth and bending of plant parts towards a light source are known as the phototropic response of plants, which is caused by this chemical, which was later named auxin.
In the experiment, Went used a gelatin block to impede the transport of auxin in the coleoptile, preventing the substance from traveling toward the plant's growth area. This illustrated the significance of auxin in phototropism by causing the coleoptile to bend away from the light source.
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What direction does the shoulder most commonly dislocate?(a) Anteriorly(b) Inferiorly(c) Medially(d) Posteriorly
The anterior direction is the most common location in which the shoulder commonly dislocates, which means option A is the right answer.
Anterior dislocation is the most common shoulder dislocation which is caused due to the arm being positioned in an excessive amount of abduction and external rotation. Shoulder dislocation refers to the injury in the shoulder which is caused due to the displacement of the arm bone out of the ball and socket joint. It can cause high swelling and pain in the region. The displacement of bone can be fixed through some physical treatments such as splinting, and surgery, along with medications which is used to provide relief from the pain. Anterior shoulder dislocation can cause direct trauma/ compression to the axillary nerve.
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the watch window can be used to monitor the value in one or more cells.
Is this statement true or false?
True, You can use the Watch Window to keep an eye on the value in one or more cells. Cell names cannot contain spaces. The Watch Window makes it simpler.
The Watch Window allows you to view cells from various sheets and books in a single window. You can use it to look up values and formulas in cells that are not currently visible in the active worksheet as well as to verify, audit, or confirm formula computations and results in large spreadsheets. The formulas for hidden cells on a worksheet can be seen in the Watch Window toolbar. It is used to check, audit, or confirm formula results for large worksheets.
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what is composed of minerals and salts and can affect any part of the urinary tract?
Kidney stones are basically made up of mineral as well as salts and can affect any part of our urinary tract.
Kidney stones are basically hard deposits which are made up of minerals as well as salts that form inside your kidneys. Diet, excess body weight, even some medical conditions as well as some particular supplements or even medications are among some of the many causes of kidney stones.
Kidney stones can possibly affect any part of our urinary tract, right form from our kidneys to our urinary bladder. Often, these kidney stones form when the urine gets concentrated which allows the minerals to crystallize and then stick together. Passing the kidney stones can be a painful process, but these stones usually are not responsible permanent damage if they're recognized in time.
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which of these is an example for how the same genotype can give rise to different phenotypes in population?
The correct answer to this question is E, penetrance and expressivity, they explain the phenomenon where the same genotype might give rise to different phenotypes.
The proportion of animals having a certain genotype that exhibit the phenotype linked to that genotype is known as the penetration rate. Measuring penetrance requires large population studies, and penetrance research aids in estimating the likelihood that an attribute would manifest in individuals who possess the underlying allele.
The same genotype might result in varying degrees of the same phenotype in different individuals. Expression variability among people is measured by expressivity. Expressivity, in contrast to penetrance, represents individual variability rather than statistical variability within a population of genotypes.
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Correct question is
What can explain the phenomenon where the same genotype might give rise to different phenotypes?
A) pleiotropy
B) codominance
C) incomplete dominance
D) complete dominance
E) penetrance and expressivity
What is the difference between the structures of viral genomes with different nucleic acid compositions?
The structure of viral genomes can vary depending on the type of nucleic acid they contain, which can be either DNA or RNA. Viral genomes can also differ in size and organization, depending on the specific virus.
DNA viruses, such as herpesviruses and poxviruses, have double-stranded DNA genomes that can range in size from a few thousand to several hundred thousand base pairs. The DNA is tightly packaged into the virus particle in a complex manner, often with histone-like proteins and other viral proteins that help to protect and stabilize the genome.
RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses and retroviruses, have single-stranded RNA genomes that can be either positive-sense or negative-sense. The RNA is often packaged together with viral proteins to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is enclosed by a viral capsid.
Some RNA viruses, such as retroviruses, use reverse transcriptase to convert their RNA genome into DNA after entering host cells. This DNA can then integrate into the host genome and be replicated along with the host DNA.
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1. You are at Daytona Beach and are walking along the boardwalk when you see a man selling fish. You are interested in buying a pet fish because the ones you have at home need a new friend. You aren't sure what type of fish they are, so you ask what type of water they live in. The merchant kindly replies that the fish need an 87% pure water tank. After a few minutes, you remember that your tank at home is a 13% salt talk. Should you buy the fish at the boardwalk?
Answer: You would not buy the fish because the 13% salt may be spread to other places and could be concentrated in an area which can cause harm to the fish. (not 100%)
Explanation:
Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?a. Only plants are composed of plant cells.b. All cells are produced from other cells.c. Cells can be produced from nonliving matter.d. Only animal cells have cell walls.
The cell wall encloses every cell. The development of cell theory included contributions by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. All living things are composed of one or more cells, according to this statement.
Which of the ensuing claims is supported by the cell theory?3 fundamental ideas underlie cell theory: Cells are the basic unit of all living things. The tiniest living organism that is capable of carrying out all life's duties is the cell. All cells must be created through cellular division from pre-existing cells.
What are the three tenets of the theory of cells?The following are the elements of contemporary cell theory that are commonly acknowledged: The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the cell. All living things consist of one or more cells. Cells arise from other cells through cellular division.
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Which of the following is the principal organ for digestion and absorption of food in our body?
A. Large Intestine
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Small Intestine
All of the following statements are true of proteins EXCEPT which statement?A. their subunits are amino acids.B. they are important in transporting oxygen.C. humans can make all of the amino acids needed to produce proteins.D.enzymes are composed of proteins.E. kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency.
Humans can make all of the amino acids needed to produce proteins is not true about proteins. Hence, statement (C) is incorrect.
Proteins are by far the most structurally complex and functionally advanced motes known from a chemical perspective. Once one understands that each protein's structure and chemistry have been formed and fine-tuned over billions of times of evolutionary history, this may not come as a surprise. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is determined by the location of each amino acid in the lengthy chain of amino acids that makes up a protein.
We'll also explain how each protein patch's specific shape affects how it functions in a cell using this understanding of protein structure at the infinitesimal level. Hence, it's imperative to have a diet that contains all of the necessary amino acids in order to ensure optimal protein synthesis and overall health.
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Do some cell types divide more often than other cell types?
Some cell, like skin cells, divide often. To replenish the cells we lose, we must constantly produce new ones.
What various cell types are there?
Different cell types have various roles. There are two different types of cells based on cellular structure: Cells that are prokaryotic lack a nucleus. As an alternative, some prokaryotes, like bacteria, have a part of the cell in which the genetic information is floating freely. The nucleoid is the name of this area. They are all bacteria with a single cell.
Who has a connection to cells?
Spanish Society of Blood diseases and Hemotherapy (SEHH), Signaling Pathways Society (STS), Nordic Protein catabolism Society (NAS), Society for Stem Cell therapy (Russian Federation) (RPO), and Spanish Society of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (SEBBM) are connected with Cells and offer member discounts on article processing fees.
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What is the primary role of the flower to produce?
The function of a flower is to carry out sexual reduplication in shops through the conformation of manly and womanish gametes.
Flowers insure that the gametes fertilise to form seeds that further help in reproducing shops. Their primary purpose is reduplication. During the reproductive process, flowers make use of their various petals to attract pollinators similar as insects and creatures. These brutes are also allured by the quencher that flowers produce in their nectaries, glands that are frequently set up at the base of their petals. By producing quencher, flowers are suitable to give food for the insects that help to pollinate the shops. After a flower is pollinated, its fertilized ovule develops into a seed that can produce a new factory; and the ovary that formed the ovule becomes a fruit. The process of plant reduplication, also, also generates food for people and creatures to eat.
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What happens if you have PID for a long time?
PID, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications, especially if it lasts for a long time.
PID, or pelvic inflammatory disease, is a condition that occurs when bacteria enters the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries from the vagina or cervix, causing inflammation and potential damage to these reproductive organs.
The following are some of the potential consequences of untreated or prolonged PID
Infertility: PID can cause scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes, making egg transport from the ovary to the uterus difficult or impossible. Infertility or ectopic pregnancy can result from this.
Chronic pelvic pain: A common complication of PID is chronic pelvic pain. The condition's inflammation and scarring can cause ongoing discomfort and pain.
Abscesses: In some cases, PID can cause abscesses (pus collections) in the reproductive organs or surrounding tissues.
Peritonitis: When an abscess ruptures, the infection can spread to the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum), causing peritonitis, which can be fatal.
Scarring and blockages caused by PID, as previously mentioned, can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, a serious condition in which a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus.
If you suspect you have PID, you should seek medical attention right away. Most people with the condition can recover completely with the right treatment and without any long-term complications.
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During glycolysis, _____.a. a glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules.b. a glucose molecule is formed from carbon dioxide that is fixed by Rubisco.c. the energy from electrons forms a proton gradient that is used to synthesize ATP.d. the electrons in acetyl-CoA are transferred to electron carriers.
Monosaccharide glucose is converted into the essential three-carbon molecule pyruvate throughout the glycolytic cycle. Normally, one glucose splits into two pyruvate molecules, which are then utilized in additional steps of cellular respiration.
What method converts glucose into two pyruvate molecules?The process within which sugar is broken down to create pyruvate in a cell's cytoplasm is known as glycolysis. In aerobic environments, enzyme can diffuse through neurons, at which it undergoes cellular citric acid cycle and produces reducing equivalents there in form of NADH and FADH. 2
Does glycolysis result in the breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules?During the ten-step process known as glycolysis, glucose is reduced form two molecules of pyruvate. Pyruvate now penetrates the alveoli where it is oxidized via the tricarboxylic acid cycling to produce carbon dioxide and water. Two phases of glycolysis can be distinguished, both of which take place in the cytosol.
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What is a replication fork in DNA?
Within the long helical Helix, a structure known as the replication fork emerges during DNA replication. It is created by helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together in the DNA helix.
The biological procedure that produces two identical copies of DNA from a single original DNA molecule is known as DNA replication, as employed in molecular biology. DNA replication is the main biological mechanism for inheritance in all living organisms.
This is necessary for cell division during tissue growth and repair, and it also ensures that each new cell gets a copy of the DNA. Since the cell has the special ability to divide, DNA replication is crucial.
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Which of the following describes the industrialized system of breeding, raising and
harvesting animals to be used for human consumption and other animal products?
A. Livestock systems
B. Production techniques
C. Animal agriculture
D. Animal welfare
Animal Agriculture describes the industrialized system of breeding, raising, and harvesting animals to be used for consumption. Option C is correct
Animal Agriculture is basically a term where a person raises the animals, takes care of the animals and the animals are controlled by their owners when the animal reaches a certain age or grows up, then that animal is used for human consumption or other products that we can secrete from that animal
Sometimes these animals are forced to extreme measures to give a good amount of food for consumption by humans, which is not a good thing
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Describe how the virologists determined the identity of the virus causing the disease, how they tracked the epidemic and how they eventually conquered the virus.
Answer: The identification of the virus responsible for a disease outbreak typically involves several steps. In the early stages, virologists collect samples from patients and use various laboratory techniques to isolate and grow the virus. This can include procedures such as cell culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and sequencing of the viral genetic material.
Once the virus is isolated and characterized, virologists compare its genetic sequence to known viruses to determine its identity. This information can then be used to develop diagnostic tests to quickly and accurately identify the virus in future patients.
Tracking the spread of an epidemic involves ongoing surveillance and analysis of case data. This can include monitoring the number of new cases, the location of cases, and the demographics of affected individuals. Virologists may also use techniques such as genomic sequencing to track the evolution and spread of the virus over time.
Conquering a virus typically requires a multi-faceted approach. This can include the development and distribution of effective vaccines, the implementation of public health measures to prevent the spread of the virus, and the use of antiviral medications to treat infected individuals. In some cases, existing drugs may be repurposed to treat the virus, or new drugs may be developed specifically for that purpose.
It is important to note that the process of identifying, tracking, and conquering a virus is a complex and ongoing effort that involves the collaboration of many experts, including virologists, epidemiologists, public health officials, and healthcare professionals.
Explanation:
True or false? Exons are regions that do not code for proteins.
It's False. Exons do not encode proteins, contrary to popular belief. Exons are the regions of DNA (or RNA) that encode for proteins.
A section of the genome called an exon is found inside an mRNA molecule. Exons can either be coding or non-coding, depending on whether they contain the instructions needed to make a protein. Exons and introns make up the genes in the genome.
Exons are the segments of mRNA that are spliced together after introns are eliminated by the spliceosome. Introns are non-coding regions of an RNA transcript or the DNA encoding it that are spliced off before the RNA molecule is translated into a protein.
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What would happen if the sister chromatids did not split equally during anaphase of mitosis?A. One daughter cell would have more chromosomes than normal.B. One daughter cell would have fewer chromosomes than normal.C. Each daughter cell would have the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell.D. A and B are correct
If sister chromatids do not divide evenly during anaphase of mitosis, one daughter cell will have more chromosomes than usual, while the other will have less chromosomes than normal (d is correct).
Sister chromatids do not separate due to unequal splitting, resulting in both sister chromatids being pushed into the same daughter cell, leaving the other daughter cell missing that chromosome entirely.
Nondisjunction occurs when sister chromatids fail to divide correctly during cell division. This process also occurs in meiosis, resulting in an aneuploid person if the gamete participates in reproduction.
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What colors are associated with snakes?
Answer: black
Explanation:
You are dating rocks by their proportions of parent isotope potassium-40 (half-life 1.25 billion years) and daughter isotope argon-40.
Part A: Find the age of a rock that contains equal amounts of potassium-40 and argon-40.
Part B: Find the age for a rock that contains three times as much argon-40 as potassium-40.
t=1.25 billion years in Part A. t=2.50 billion years in Part B. This means that 34 of the initial potassium-40 has already decomposed into argon-40, which indicates the rock was 2.5 billion years old, as shown by the graph and the discussion above.
The half-life of the decomposition of potassium-40 to 40Ar is 1250 My. The gaseous 40Ar will be driven out by extreme heating events like volcanic eruptions, allowing the 40K/40Ar ratio to be used to calculate the amount of time since the heating. A radioactive potassium isotope with a short half of 1 billion years is known as potassium-40 (40K). Approximately 0.012% (120 mg) of a total potassium present in nature is contained in it. Three different radioactive decay processes occur with potassium-40. Potassium-40 (K-40) was lowered by half.
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As the malaria death rate increases, what would you expect to happen to the number of sickle-cell/ deaths? Explain your answer in terms of natural selection and the "heterozygote advantage."
The situation during which the hybrid genetics really does have a greater health when compared to the homozygous dominant of homozygous recessive genotype is known as a heterozygote advantage. The percentage of loci that show heterozygote advantage is extremely low.
What are some instances of the advantages of heterozygosity?The case of sickle cell anemia is a well-known illustration of genotypic advantage in humans. The first inherited condition to be connected to a particular genetic mutation was sickle cell anemia, which was caused by an unique letter (base) change mostly in DNA of a gene that makes a component of hemoglobin.
Heterozygote advantage is what kind of selection?An entity who is heterozygous at a specific gene locus has a higher fitness than an individual who is homozygous in heterozygote advantage, also known as heterotic balancing selection. These balanced polymorphisms are preserved by this process.
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the walls of arteries and veins are composed of three layers called tunics. the hollow core through which blood flows is called the lumen.
Veins are blood channels that carry low-pressure blood from the tissues to the heart (atria). Both arteries and veins are made up of three layers of tissue known as tunics, which surround a hollow core (lumen).
Vein walls feature three layers, or coats, similar to artery walls: an inner layer, or tunica intima; a middle layer, or tunica media; and an exterior layer, or tunica adventitia. The tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa are the three tunics that comprise arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins.
The tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa are the three tunics that comprise arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins.
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True/False: oocytes complete meiosis ii before they are fertilized.
It is false that Oocytes do not complete meiosis II before they are fertilized. Meiosis II in oocytes is only completed if the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm.
What is oocytes?Oocytes are the immature female reproductive cells that have the potential to develop into mature eggs (or ova) when they are stimulated by hormones during the menstrual cycle. Oocytes are produced in the ovaries of female animals, including humans, and are stored in small sacs called follicles until they are released during ovulation. In humans, oocytes begin to develop before a female is even born, and at puberty, the menstrual cycle begins, and oocytes start to mature and become capable of being fertilized by sperm. Each oocyte contains half of the genetic material required to create a new human, and when a sperm fertilizes an egg, the two haploid cells combine to form a diploid zygote that will develop into an embryo.
Here,
When an oocyte is released from the ovary during ovulation, it is arrested in metaphase of meiosis II. If the oocyte is not fertilized, it will not complete meiosis II and will eventually degenerate.
However, if the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm, it will complete meiosis II and form a mature haploid egg (or ovum) that can fuse with the sperm to form a diploid zygote.
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the ____ is a fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the external surface of cartilage providing oxygen and nutrients to the chondrocytes.
The majority of the body's cartilage is covered by the dense layer of fibrous connective tissue known as the perichondrium.
Where exactly is the perichondrium and what does it do?
In various body regions, the perichondrium is a dense layer of fibrous connective tissue that Covers cartilage. These are typically covered by perichondrium tissue: elastic in particular ear regions.
Periosteum is what kind of tissue is it?connective tissue The periosteum is a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the bone's outer surface everywhere except at joints (where articular cartilage provides protection). It is very sensitive to manipulation because it has nociceptive nerve endings, unlike bone.
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