A sample of ground beef contains 18.9% protein and 21.4% fat both by mass. Therefore, 147.5kilocalories are in 125g of the ground beef.
What is calories?The calorie is an energy unit derived from the now-defunct thermodynamic theory of heat. Two primary meanings of "calorie" are widely used for historical reasons.
Originally, a big calorie, meal calorie, dietary calorie, and kilo calorie was defined as the quantity of heat required to increase the temperature with one kilogram of water through one degrees Centigrade (or one kelvin). The amount of heat required to create the same rise in one gram of water was characterized as a tiny calorie or gram calorie.
Let the required calorie of ground beef be m .
protein in it = .18m
fat in it = .21m
1 gram of protein gives 4 cals .
1 gram of fat gives 9 cals .
4 x .18m + 9 x .21m = 350
m = 147.5kilocalories
Therefore, 147.5kilocalories are in 125g of the ground beef.
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There are two electrons in the lowest energy level, and eight electrons in each of the next two energy levels. Which of the following would be most likely to donate an electron in a chemical reaction? oxygen with 8 electrons. carbon with 6 electrons nitrogen with 7 electrons sodium with 11 electrons. chlorine with 17 electrons
The most likely element to donate an electron in a chemical reaction is chlorine with 17 electrons.
The electron configuration of chlorine is [tex][Ne] 3s^2 3p^5[/tex], which means that it has 7 electrons in its outermost energy level (3p). In a chemical reaction, elements with a large number of electrons in their outer energy level are more likely to donate electrons, as they are more likely to form a stable electron configuration by losing electrons.
Oxygen with 8 electrons is less likely to donate an electron as it has a full outer energy level. Carbon with 6 electrons and nitrogen with 7 electrons both have electron configurations that are less likely to form a stable configuration by losing electrons. Sodium with 11 electrons is likely to donate an electron as it only has one electron in its outer energy level, but it is not as likely as chlorine with 17 electrons.
In conclusion, chlorine is the most likely to donate an electron in a chemical reaction due to its electron configuration with a large number of electrons in its outer energy level.
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Oranges are typically grown in warm climates because the trees can be damaged by freezing temperatures. If an orange farmer knows that the temperatures are going to drop to below freezing they will spray orange trees with water. Which of the following explains why this protects the oranges and orange trees from freezing damage?
a) The water protects the orange trees by freezing before the oranges do; the process of freezing releases heat which is absorbed by the oranges so they don’t freeze.
b) The water protects the orange trees by freezing before the oranges do; the process of freezing absorbs heat which is released by the oranges so they don’t freeze.
The following describes the need to protect orange and orange trees from freezing damage b) The water protects the orange trees by freezing before the oranges do; the process of freezing absorbs heat which is released by the oranges so they don’t freeze.
Effect of temperature on orange treesTemperatures below 32°F (0°C) are harmful to orange trees, especially over a long period of time. High temperatures have also proved critical for tree productivity. High wind speeds and cold can also cause damage to trees, reduced vegetation, loss of fruit, and decreased quality.
So to maintain the quality of the orange trees when the temperature is cold is to water frequently because water protects the orange trees by freezing them before the oranges freeze; the freezing process absorbs the heat given off by the oranges so they don't freeze.
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2h2o+2k.. please break it down for me
2H2O + 2K → 2KOH + H2↑
This reaction is Chemical displacement reaction
HELP
cell membrane
nucleus
DNA
cytoplasm
ribosome
Answer:
Explanation:
1. cytoplasm
2. Nucleus
3. cell membrane
4. ribosome (looks like some other organelle but since ribosome is the only option left. I think its alright, and I'm pretty sure the rest is correct)
5. DNA
1. cell membrane
2. nicleus
3. cytoplasm
4. ribsome
5. DNA
KBr + AgNO3 → KNO3 + AgBr
Zn + 2HCI → H₂ + ZnCl₂
MgCO3 → MgO + CO₂
2Fe(OH)3 → Fe₂O3 + 3H₂O
Na₂CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + 2NaOH AgNO3 + HCI → AgCl + HNO3
Out of the chemical equations above, how many is (are) considered as a double replacement reaction?
Which choice has a negative charge?
O neutrons
O protons
O electrons
O nucleus
Answer:
Electrons
Explanation:
Electrons are a type of subatomic particle with a negative charge.
Protons are a type of subatomic particle with a positive charge. Protons are bound together in an atom's nucleus as a result of the strong nuclear force.
Neutrons are a type of subatomic particle with no charge (they are neutral).
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Could I get some help answering these questions? :)
The conformations of the compound are shown in the image attached.
What is a conformation of cyclohexane?A conformation of cyclohexane is a three-dimensional arrangement of its atoms in space. Cyclohexane is a six-carbon ring molecule and its most common conformations are chair and boat. The chair conformation is the more stable of the two, in which all of the carbons are coplanar and the molecule adopts a chair-like shape.
The boat conformation, in which one set of carbons is twisted out of the plane of the ring, is less stable due to the formation of axial-equatorial interactions. The chair and boat conformations are interconvertible, and the energy difference between the two depends on various factors such as substituents on the ring, temperature, and solvent.
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Fermentation occurs when there is no usable external electron acceptor (like O2) available for respiration. Fermentation products are made following glycolysis as a result of reactions that __________.
Fermentation occurs when there is no usable external electron acceptor (like O2) available for respiration. Fermentation products are made following glycolysis as a result of reactions that oxidise NADH so that NAD+ can be reused again in glycolysis.
In the absence of oxygen, carbohydrates are broken down by the enzymes of microorganisms during fermentation. Because they possess distinctive sets of metabolic genes, microorganisms like bacteria and fungus are able to develop enzymes that can break down various kinds of sugar compounds to restore NAD+ so that glycolysis can proceed. to produce around 32 ATP when oxygen is present to make it possible for cells to live without ATP.
Although fermentation can result in a variety of products, the most prevalent ones are ethanol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas (h2). commercial applications for these materials include use in food, vitamins, medications, and industrial chemicals.
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According to Chapter 4, Alienation is an individual’s isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self.
Think of the ways workers are alienated from the product and process of their jobs. How can these concepts be applied to students and their education?
The alienation concepts can be applied to students and their education as follows: students feel forced to attend school and they feel dissociated from people around them or the process of their study.
What is alienation?Alienation can be defined as the withdrawal of a persons’s attention from something. In this case, alienation in students usually affects the quality of their study, as they feel separated and excluded from the environment in their school. Most people, although they feel uncomfortable with the separation in a school group, will just attend the school as they know it will benefit their future.
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1) A compound is composed of elements C, H, and N. A 8.400-mg sample of the unknown compound was combusted, producing 22.787 mg of CO2 and 6.533 mg of H2O. What is the empirical formula for this compound? (Type your answer using the format CxHyNz for the compound CxHyNz)
2) If the compound has a molar mass of 160 ± 5 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
Answer:165
Explanation:
The empirical formula corresponds to the molecular formula, that specifies the number of atoms in a molecule. Therefore, the empirical formula is C[tex]_4[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]N.
What is empirical formula?In chemistry, the empirical formula is however known as that of the simplest formula. It computes the lowest whole number values of elements within a compound by applying subscripts after element symbols.
In certain circumstances, the empirical formula corresponds to the molecular formula, that specifies the number of atoms in a molecule.
mass nitrogen = 11.55 mg - 0.499 mg - 8.544 mg = 2.507 mg
moles of oxygen = 17.75 /32=0.0005moles
moles of carbon dioxide= 0.018/44=0.0004moles
moles of water = 0.007/18=0.0004moles
mass nitrogen = 11.55 mg - 0.499 mg - 8.544 mg = 2.507 mg
moles of carbon =0.008/12 =0.0007moles
moles of hydrogen = 0.000499/1=0.0004moles
moles of nitrogen =0.002/14= 0.0001moles
dividing all by 0.0007
the empirical formula is C[tex]_4[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]N
Therefore, the empirical formula is C[tex]_4[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]N.
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A student measures the volume of water displaced by the same metal sample as 5.4 mL, 5.8 mL, and 5.5 mL for his three determinations. Determine the median volume.
According to the given information the median volume is 172.26 ml³.
How would you define volume?Throughout three dimensions, everything takes up some area. The quantity being measured here is the area's volume. The volume of an item in 3 components is the area occupied inside its boundaries. It is referenced to as an object's capability on occasion.
How do you teach a learner about volume?The concept of "volume" refers to how much space an item takes up. In other words, volume is an indication of an object's size, quite as height, width, and length are. If an item is hollow or empty, it can store the same volume of water. At home, try this: Pick up a big glass and a smaller cup.
Median Volume = l × b × h
= 5.4ml × 5.8ml × 5.5ml
= 172.26 ml³
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What mass of naphthalene must be dissolved in 2.30 x 10^2 g of benzene to give a solution with a freezing point 31.0 C below that of pure benzene?
178.2g is the mass of naphthalene that must be dissolved in 2.30 x 10² g of benzene to give a solution with a freezing point 31.0 C below that of pure benzene.
What is naphthalene?Naphthalene is an organic molecule with the chemical formula C₁₀H₈. It is the most basic polyaromatic hydrocarbon, a white crystallized solid with a distinctive odor perceptible at levels as low as 0.08 percent by mass.
The structure of naphthalene as an aromatic compound is a bonded pair of aromatic ring. It is most well-known as the major component in traditional mothballs.
ΔT= i×Kf×m
31.0= 1×5.12×m
m= 31.0/5.12=6.05mol/kg
6.05 = number of mole/ weight of solvent
6.05 = number of mole/230
number of mole= 6.05×230=1391.5moles
mass of naphthalene=13.915moles×128.1=178.2g
Therefore, 178.2g is the mass of naphthalene.
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a student dilutes 50.0 ml of a 0.10 mol/l solution of hcl to 0.010 mol/l by adding water. which statement is true? select one: a. the volume of the solution remains the same. b. the total amount of solute decreases. c. the volume of the solvent remain the same. d. the total amount of solute remain the same.
a student dilutes 50.0 ml of a 0.10 mol/l solution of hcl to 0.010 mol/l by adding water. b. the total amount of solute decreases.
The total amount of solute decreases.
To calculate this, first, find the molarity of the original solution, which is 0.10 mol/l.
Then, use the dilution equation, M1V1 = M2V2,
to find the new volume (V2) of the diluted solution.
Plugging in the known values, V2 = V1 x (M2/M1) = 50.0 ml x (0.010 mol/l/0.10 mol/l) = 5.0 ml.
Since the total amount of solute (M1V1) stays the same (0.10 mol/l x 50.0 ml = 0.5 mol),
the volume of the solution (V2) decreases, the total amount of solute decreases.
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A)
According to the model, what is the most likely description that addresses the change that is occurring as the salt dissolves?
B)
9
D)
The enthalpy is negative.
The reaction is exothermic.
The process is not spontaneous.
NaCl
The entropy increases in the system.
- 0
The Gibbs free energy change, G, is negative due to the entropy term, despite the fact that the enthalpy change is a positive amount, indicating that the dissolution is spontaneous.
Which of the procedures will result in a reduction in system entropy?A process that produces a final state that is more disordered than the starting state is said to produce positive entropy when S>0 S > 0. Positive entropy phase shifts occur during processes including melting, boiling, and sublimation (solid to gas).
How is the endothermic/exothermic nature of a reaction predicted using enthalpy?The reaction is endothermic when the enthalpy of the reactants is greater than the enthalpy of the products. The reaction is exothermic when the enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of the reactants.
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Hydrogen (H₂) gas and oxygen (O₂) gas react to form water (H₂O) vapor. Suppose you have 3.0 mol of H₂ and 7.0 mol of O₂ in a reactor.
Suppose as much as possible of the H₂ reacts. How much will be left? Round your answer to the nearest 0.1 mol.
Answer:
1.5 moles
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
This means that 2 moles of hydrogen reacts with 1 mole of oxygen to form 2 moles of water.
Since we have 3.0 moles of hydrogen and 7.0 moles of oxygen, the limiting reactant will be hydrogen (H₂). The amount of oxygen that can react with the available hydrogen is equal to half the amount of hydrogen, which is (3.0 moles / 2) = 1.5 moles.
So, after the reaction, we will have 3.0 moles - 1.5 moles = 1.5 moles of hydrogen left. Rounding to the nearest 0.1 mol, the answer is 1.5 moles.
(DUE TODAY, PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY )
You push really hard against a round rock, but you cannot make it roll. Which statement best explains why you cannot move the rock?
Gravity pulls the rock toward the center of Earth.
The forces between you and the rock are balanced.
The force of your push is greater than the opposing force.
There is no friction to help you move the object.
Answer:
It's due to the forces that are known as balanced forces and it might also be because there is no friction
Answer:
The forces between you and the rock are balanced.
Explanation:
The force of your push against the rock and the opposing force of the rock pushing back on you are equal and opposite, meaning they balance each other out. This results in the rock not moving, because the net force on the rock is zero. This situation is referred to as static friction, which acts to prevent an object from moving when there is a force being applied to it. The force of static friction is always equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force being applied, until the force becomes large enough to overcome the static friction and cause the object to start moving.
which sql clause used with the query select* from package would be the most likely to yield the following results?
The exact SQL clause to use with the query "SELECT * FROM package" depends on the desired results.
The SQL clause to use with the query "SELECT * FROM package" depends on the desired results. The WHERE clause can be used to filter data and only return rows that meet a condition. The GROUP BY clause can be used to aggregate data and group rows based on columns. The HAVING clause can be used to filter aggregated data. The ORDER BY clause can be used to sort the data. The combination of these clauses can create complex queries to filter, aggregate, and sort data to meet specific needs.
For example, "SELECT recipient, SUM(weight) FROM package GROUP BY recipient HAVING SUM(weight) > 50 ORDER BY weight DESC" would return recipients with total weight greater than 50, sorted by weight in descending order.
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Place the steps for the production of ethanol from corn in order, with the first step at the top of the list.1.) Corn kernels are mixed with water.2.) Enzymes break down starches into glucose.3.) Yeast fermentation converts sugars into ethanol.4.) The mixture is distilled
According to the question, the procedure for producing ethanol from corn is 1-2-3-4. Water and corn kernels are added, and after enzyme-catalyzed starch breakdown into glucose and yeast fermentation to produce ethanol, distillation takes place.
There are four main phases involved in turning maize into ethanol:
To help extract the carbs, water is added to corn kernels.The mixture is then subjected to an enzyme process to convert the starches in it into glucose, which is a key sugar used in the production of ethanol.Following that, the glucose is consumed by the yeast, which then ferments it into carbon dioxide and ethanol.To finally separate the ethanol from the remaining water and impurities, the mixture is distilled. This method gets rid of any leftover water, yeast, as well as other byproducts to guarantee high quality.Learn more about the corn ethanol at
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Write the empirical formula of at least four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions:
Mg2+, Al3+, F−, O2−
Answer:
Here are the empirical formulas of four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the given ions:
- MgF2 (magnesium fluoride)
- Al2O3 (aluminum oxide)
- MgO (magnesium oxide)
- AlF3 (aluminum fluoride)
The empirical formula of an ionic compound gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the ions present in the compound. The formula is determined by balancing the charges of the cation and anion so that the compound as a whole is electrically neutral.
Explanation:
The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in the compound. Binary ionic compounds are formed by the combination of a metal cation with a non-metal anion.
In this case, the given ions are Mg2+, Al3+, F−, and O2−. To form binary ionic compounds, we need one cation and one anion.
Here are some possible combinations of these ions, along with their empirical formulas:
- Mg2+ and F−: MgF2
- Al3+ and F−: AlF3
- Mg2+ and O2−: MgO
- Al3+ and O2−: Al2O3
In each case, the positive and negative charges of the ions balance to form a neutral compound. The empirical formula is found by writing the subscripts for each element in the simplest ratio that achieves this balance.
hydrogen ion concentration (ph) in blood is usually determined by means of which of the following electrodes?
Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in blood is usually determined by means of glass or silver/silver chloride electrodes.
These electrodes consist of a silver/silver chloride anode and a platinum wire cathode, and can measure the hydrogen ion activity in the sample.
The glass pH electrode is a type of electrode that is composed of a special glass membrane which is sensitive to hydrogen ions. This glass membrane is usually composed of a special combination of boron and silicate ions, which react to changes in the hydrogen ion concentration.
A pH electrode is an analytical sensor used to measure the potential of hydrogen (pH) in a solution. It consists of two electrodes, a sensor electrode and a reference electrode, which measure the hydrogen-ion activity in the solution. The exchange of ions between the two electrodes is what allows the pH to be measured. The sensor electrode is usually made of glass and is sensitive to specific ions, while the reference electrode is typically made of silver chloride and is used to measure the reference potential of the solution.
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Hydrogen ion concentration (ph) in blood is usually determined by means of which of the following electrodes?
Bilirubin diglucuronideCeruloplasminsilver/silver chloride electrodes.38.02 gram sample of a hydrate of MnSO4 was heated thoroughly in a porcelain crucible, until its weight remained constant. After heating, 20.72 grams of the anhydrous compound remained. What is the formula of the hydrate?
Answer:
MnSO4 *7H2O
Explanation:
Total mass of water and Magnesium sulfate 38.02
Mass of anhydrous - 20.72
-------------------
Mass of water 17.3
20.72g MnSO4 * [tex]\frac{1 mol MnSO4}{151 g MnSO4}[/tex] = 0.137 mol MnSO4
17.3g H2O* [tex]\frac{1 mol H2O}{18 g H2O}[/tex] = .961 mol H2O
[tex]\frac{.961 mol H2O}{.137 mol MnSO4}[/tex] ≈ 7 mol H20 for every 1 mol MnSo4
Consider the following reaction in aqueous solution: 5Br−(aq)+BrO3−(aq)+6H+(aq)⟶3Br2(aq)+3H2O(l)semantics If the rate of disappearance of Br–(aq) at a particular moment during the reaction is 0.113 M/s, what rate is H+(aq) being consumed at that moment?
The rate of the disappearance of Br- in this reaction is given, 0.113 M/s. Then, the rate of consumption of H+ ion in this reaction is 0.09 M/s.
What is reaction rate ?The rate of a reaction is the rate of disappearance of the reactants or the rate of formation of the products. Hence, the rate of the reaction in terms of reactants is expressed in negative sign and that of products is written in positive sign.
From the reaction we can write the rate of reaction as:
5 - d [Br-]/dt = 6 - d [H+]/dt = d [Br₂]/dt
Given that, - d [Br-]/dt = 0.113 M/s
The rate of consumption of H+ ion at the given moment is calculated as follows:
d [H+]/dt = 5/6 d [Br-]/dt
= 5/6 × 0.113 M/s
= 0.09 M/s.
Therefore, 0.09 M/s rate of H+ being consumed at that moment.
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Write the ionic and net-ionic equations for H2[CoCl4] + 4 NH4SCN = H2[Co(SCN)4] + 4 NH4Cl
Ionic Equation: H2[CoCl4] + 4 NH4SCN → H2[Co(SCN)4] + 4 NH4Cl
Net Ionic Equation: CoCl4^2- + 4 NH4SCN → Co(SCN)4^2- + 4 NH4Cl
How is an ionic equation written?By dissolving all soluble ionic chemicals (those denoted with a (aq)) into their corresponding ions, the ionic equation can be written. To demonstrate that an ion is present in solution, it should be displayed with its charge and a (aq). To display the quantity of each ion present, use coefficients.
What is the formula for net ions?The compounds that are directly engaged in the chemical reaction are the only ones that are shown in the net ionic equation.
Ionic reaction: what is it?Ionic reactions take place when two compounds exchange electrons, which can result in the formation of positively or negatively charged ions.
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Can someone help with this molality question, its already solved. Im confused as to why -iKf is -20.0°C/m
The Molar mass of the mass of the substance 94.33 g/mol.
What is the freezing point?The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes its state to a solid, under normal atmospheric pressure. At the freezing point, the liquid and solid phases of a substance coexist in thermal equilibrium, and the heat energy added to the substance is used to overcome the intermolecular bonds holding the liquid particles together, allowing them to form a crystal lattice structure characteristic of a solid.
Given that;
ΔT = K m i
K = freezing constant
m = molality
i = Vant Hoff factor
Thus we have that;
m = ΔT/K i
m = 1.06/1 * 20
m = 0.053 m
Then we have;
Molality = Number of moles/Mass of solute in Kg
0.053 = 0.1/M/20 * 10^-3
0.053 = 0.1/20 * 10^-3 M
M = 0.1/20 * 10^-3 * 0.053
M = 94.33 g/mol
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lodine trichloride is produced in a two-step process, represented by the following balanced equations: I2 (s) + CI2 (g) → 2ICI(s); and ICI (s) + CI2 (g) → ICI3 (s). Select all the statements that correctly describe how to write a complete balanced equation for the overall process Check all that apply. a. The overall equation is given by I2 (s) + 3CI2 (G) → 2ICI3 (s). b. The second equation must be subtracted from the first. c.The second equation must be multiplied by 2 d.The first equation must be multiplied by 2. e.The overall equation is given by I2 (s) + 2CI, (g) + 2ICI (s)→ 2ICI3 (s).
According to the statement, the correct statements to describe a complete balanced equation for the overall process are:
I2 (s) + 3CI2 (G) → 2ICI3 (s).I2 (s) + 2CI, (g) + 2ICI (s)→ 2ICI3 (s).To obtain a complete balanced equation for the overall process of producing iodine trichloride, we need to add the two given equations and cancel out any common species on both sides of the equation.
The balanced equations are:
I2 (s) + CI2 (g) → 2ICI(s) (1)
ICI (s) + CI2 (g) → ICI3 (s) (2)
Adding equation (1) and equation (2) gives:
I2 (s) + 2CI2 (g) + ICI (s) → 2ICI3 (s)
Thus, the overall equation for the two-step process is:
I2 (s) + 2CI2 (g) + ICI (s) → 2ICI3 (s)
Therefore, statements (a) and (e) are correct, while statements (b), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
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help me need to get done
The chemical equation of making sandwich is 2Bd + Ch ⇒ Bd₂Ch. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is chemical equation ?They are equations that represent chemical reactions using chemical formulae and symbols. The reactants are represented on the left side of a chemical equation, while the products are represented on the right.
This module explains the shorthand writing used to express how atoms are rearranged to create new compounds during a chemical reaction.
In the chemical equation of making sandwich is 2Bd + Ch ⇒ Bd₂Ch. There are two bread and on cheese is present.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Write the ionic and net-ionic equations for Na2[Zn(OH)4] + H2S = ZnS + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O
The ionic equation for the reaction between Na2[Zn(OH)4] and H2S is:
Na2[Zn(OH)4] + 2H+ + 2S2- -> ZnS + 2Na+ + 4OH- + 2H2O
Writing ionic equationsThe ionic equation for the reaction between Na2[Zn(OH)4] and H2S is:
Na2[Zn(OH)4] + 2H+ + 2S2- -> ZnS + 2Na+ + 4OH- + 2H2O
The net-ionic equation, which shows only the species that are involved in the reaction, is:
Zn2+ + S2- -> ZnS
In this reaction, the sodium zinc hydroxide (Na2[Zn(OH)4]) reacts with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to form zinc sulfide (ZnS), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and water (H2O). The hydrogen ions (H+) and sulfide ions (S2-) are spectator ions, as they do not participate in the reaction and their presence does not affect the reaction outcome.
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If the factory has 17545 wheels, 3245 handles, and 1981 wagon beds in stock, then what is the maximum number of wagons the factory can make?
Answer: 2601
Explanation:To find the maximum number of wagons that can be made, first divide the total number of wheels by 4 since there are 4 wheels in a wagon.17901 wheels÷4=4475 R 1 wheels2. Take the lowest number parts out of the 3 materials. Thus, that would be the 2601 wagon beds. Since each wagon only requires 1 wagon bed, the maximum number of wagons that can be made is 2601
I get really confuzed on this one Xane learned about single substances and mixtures of substances in his science class today. His mom asked him to tell her the difference between these two kinds of things.
Xane answered, "Single substances are objects made up of one material. Mixtures are made up of _______ material(s)."
A.
more than one
B.
one
C.
only two
D.
no
"Single substances are objects made up of one material. Mixtures are made up of more than one material(s)." Therefore, option A is correct.
What are mixtures ?A mixture is a material composed of two or more chemical substances that are not chemically bonded. A mixture is the physical combination of two or more substances that retain their identities and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
A chemical substance is made up of a single type of atom or molecule. A mixture is made up of non-chemically bonded atoms or molecules of various types. A heterogeneous mixture is one that contains two or more chemical substances that can be visually distinguished.
Thus, option A is correct.
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8) For the equilibrium
A + B ⇌ C + D
K was measured to be 1.51 × 10⁻² at 25 °C and 255.0 at 600 °C. What is ∆S° for the reaction? Assume ∆H° and ∆S° are temperature independent.
9) The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has an enthalpy change, ∆H°, = -55.9 kJ/mol. The net ionic equation for this reaction is
H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) ⇌ H₂O(l)
which is the reverse of the autoionization of water, and therefore its equilibrium constant, K = 1.0 × 10¹⁴ at 25 °C. You can determine ∆S° from this data. Use the ∆H° and ∆S° values to calculate ∆G° at 70 °C. Assume ∆H° and ∆S° are temperature independent.
Answer:
For the equilibrium A+B⇌C+D, the entropy change is determined by ∆S° = -R lnK, where R is the gas constant and K is the equilibrium constant. Therefore, ∆S° = -R ln1.51 × 10⁻² = -8.37 J/K.
For the neutralization of a strong acid and strong base, ∆S° = -R lnK = -R ln1.0 × 10¹⁴ = -137.1 J/K.
The enthalpy change is ∆H° = -55.9 kJ/mol. Using this data, ∆G° at 70 °C can be determined by ∆G° = ∆H° - (T x ∆S°), where T is the temperature in Kelvin. Therefore, ∆G° = -55.9 kJ/mol - (343.15 K x (-137.1 J/K)) = -37.4 kJ/mol.