The law that demonstrates this observation is the law of definite proportions.
Law of definite proportion states that a given chemical compound continually incorporates its element factors in constant ratio (with the aid of using mass) and does now no longer rely on its supply and technique of preparation. Law of Definite Proportions states that during a given kind of chemical substance, the factors are continually blended withinside the identical proportions with the aid of using mass. The Law of Definite Proportions applies while factors are reacted collectively to shape the identical product. Such as , a sample of an unknown substance contains 24. 0 grams of carbon and 2. 0 grams of hydrogen.
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Assume that you want to create 50.0 g aqueous solution that is 6.213% by mass sodium chloride. How many grams of sodium chloride should you start with
With 3.11 grams of sodium chloride we should start to make an aqueous solution of 50. 0 gm.
When water is used as a solvent then the solution is called the aqueous solution. Water is a good solvent which is naturally abundant and in chemistry, the word "solution" refers to the aqueous solution unless the solvent is specified. It is denoted by "aq".
Mass of aqueous solution = 50 gm
Mass percentage of sodium chloride = 6.213%
Let the mass of sodium chloride is N grams, then,
N = (50/100) × 6.213 gm
N = 0.5 × 6.213
N = 3.11 grams
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How many total ATP are produced during glycolysis ?
During glycolysis, each G3P produces two ATP, for a total of four ATP per glucose molecule.
What is glycolysis?The metabolic mechanism that transforms glucose to pyruvate is known as glycolysis. This free energy is utilized to create the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Glycolysis is a series of 10 enzyme-catalyzed processes. The initial stage in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism is glycolysis. Glycolysis is divided into two phases: energy-requiring and energy-releasing. Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose to create energy. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. The process occurs in a cell's cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. It can be found in aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Here,
Each G3P produces two ATP during glycolysis, for a total of four ATP per glucose molecule.
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Step 4: measure the mass of the book
The book will serve as a flat surface on which you later place additional weights. It has its own mask but you need to measure.
Zero the balance. Place the book on the balance.
Measure the mass of the nearest gram (1g)
498 g
In this experiment, you will measure all masses in kilograms. Convert the books mass to kilograms
0. 498 kg
The weight of the book in kilograms is 0.498Kg.
A body's bulk is an innate characteristic. It was widely believed to be related to the volume of matter in a physical body prior to the discovery of the atom and particle physics.
You can work on a level surface provided by the book.
will eventually add more weights. It is distinctive in its own way. The mass must be measured.
the account balance to 0 the scale with the book on it. Weigh the object down to the nearest gram (1 g). 498g In this experiment, all masses will be measured in kilograms. the books weigh 0.498 kg in kilograms.
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Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase, number of carbon atoms, structure and boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes? Explain the patterns you observe.
As the number of carbon atoms increases the phase changes from gas to liquid,length of chain increases and also the boiling point increases in case of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
What is an atom?An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.
The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.
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What do we use a meter stick to measure?
A meterstick is used to measure things in meters and centimeters.
Meterstick is the measurement tool that measures one meter (hundred centimeters) and is used to measure the things in meters and centimeters. Metersticks are often rectangular and tin, and it is made up of wood or metal. Metal ones are often backed with a 'grippy' material such as cork, to improve the friction. Metersticks are usually divided within the lines for each millimeter (1000 per meter) and the numerical markings as per centimeter (100 per meter), with the numbers either in centi- or millimeter. It is a large ruler used for measuring the size or the distance using the metric scale.
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Use the data table to answer the question that follows.
Production Possibilities for One Year
Cheese
(millions of tons)
United States
Italy
Tomatoes
(millions of tons)
2
1
EEEEE
Which statement is supported by the data table?
O The United States should produce neither cheese nor tomatoes but rather import them.
The United States should produce all its own cheese and tomatoes for consumption.
The United States should specialize in tomatoes and trade them for cheese from Italy.
O The United States should specialize in cheese and trade it for tomatoes from Italy.
On this scenario, the US may consume more than its PPC by specializing in cheese and swapping it for Italian tomatoes.
What makes this possible?Italy’s cheese output is lower than that of the United States.Italy cannot consume cheese other than PPC unless these products are supplied by another nation. Through an exchange deal with Italy, the United States can enjoy tomatoes in addition to PPC. Because cheese production in the United States is substantially higher than in Italy, we may assume that the United States can offer this commodity to other nations without jeopardizing its consumption. However, tomato output in the United States is the same as in Italy, but because the United States is a larger country than Italy, tomato consumption in the country may be affected.
As a result, if tomatoes are obtained from another nation, tomato consumption in the United States may surpass the PPC of tomatoes. This may be accomplished through barter, with the United States supplying cheese to Italy and Italy supplying tomatoes to the United States.
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75g of a potato chip are burned in a calorimeter that contains 2L of water initially at 297K. After the combustion, the temperature rises 12oC. How much heat is involved per gram of potato chip burned
The amount of heat involved per gram of potato chip burned is 8388J when a 75g of a potato chip are burned in a calorimeter that contains 2L of water initially at 297K.
Given mass of potato chips burned = 75g
Mass of water (m) = 2L = 2000g
Initial temperature (T1) = 297K - 273 = 24oC.
Final temperature after combustion (T2) = 12oC
We know that q = mC∆T where q is heat and C is specific heat of water = 4.2J/g/oC.
q = 2000 x 4.2 x (24-12)
q = 8388J
Hence the heat evolved per gram of potato chip burned is 8388J
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Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is produced through the reaction between tetraphosphorus decoxide and water. Write an unbalanced formula equation including physical states for the reaction.
P4O10(s) + H2O(l) --> H3PO4(aq)
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, is a triprotic acid.It is commonly used in food and beverage production, as well as in fertilizers, detergents, and rust removers.It is produced through a chemical reaction between tetraphosphorus decaoxide and water.The reactants are tetraphosphorus decaoxide (white powder) and water (clear liquid).The resulting product is Phosphoric acid (clear, colorless liquid) which is commonly found in an aqueous state (aq).The chemical equation for the reaction is P4O10(s) + H2O(l) --> H3PO4(aq) (unbalanced)The equation indicates the physical states of reactants and products which is important in performing the reaction.Learn more about Phosphoric acid here:
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The density of ________ is 0.900 g/L at STP? a) CO
b)CH4
c) NO
d) Ne
e) N2
Answer:ne
Explanation:
Identify the methods used to monitor a reaction as it occurs in the reaction flask. polarimeter O A spectrometer OB pressure measurement Ос. D. all of the above choices are correct
The methods used to monitor a reaction as it occurs in the reaction flask are d) all the above
A polarimeter is an analytical hardware component that measures the polarization of light and is used to analyze the optical activity of chemicals. Optical activity refers to the ability of a material to rotate polarized light and the extent to which such a phenomenon occurs.
A spectrometer is one of the scientific instrument/method used to separate and measure the spectral components of physical phenomena. A spectrometer is a broad term often used to describe an instrument that measures a continuous variable of a phenomenon whose spectral components are mixed in some way.
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What are some examples of evidence that support Darwin's theories of evolution and natural selection?
Some examples of evidence that support Darwin's theories of evolution and natural selection , such as fossils and similarities between related living organisms.
Darwin employed certain sorts of evidence to support his hypothesis of natural selection, and these types of evidence are still used today. Examples include fossils and similarities between related living animals. Others, like DNA analysis, were unavailable to Darwin's generation but are now employed by scientists to further our understanding of evolution. evidence supporting evolution: fossil strata, remains of extinct organisms, similarities between current-day organisms, DNA similarities, and embryonic similarity. Artificial selection, or breeding, is a crucial sort of evidence that Darwin looked at and is being looked at and employed today.
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Openings in the leaves through which gases enter and leave
Answer:
Stomata
Explanation:
Stomata are epithelial cell structures found in tree leaves and needles that help promote plant growth and exchange carbon dioxide and water with the surrounding environment.
Stomata are tiny holes in the epidermis of leaves.
Stomata allow for gaseous exchange as well (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Transpiration is when a plant releases water vapor through its stomata, which are pours in its leaves and stems. What other process in the water cycle is this most similar to? explain your reasoning.
In addition to respiration, a process known as guttation involves the loss of liquid water from a plant's healthy leaf or stem, mostly through water stomata.
What is the transpiration process?The physiological loss of water . water of water vapor, mostly from the stomata of leaves, but also by evaporation first from surfaces of leaf tissue, flowers, and stems, is known as transpiration.
Why is transpiration necessary to plants?Additionally, by providing evaporative cooling, vegetation transpiration makes a major contribution to the energy balance of the leaf. Additionally, transpiration speeds up the movement of nutrients and water from roots to the shoots. Transpiration occurs when water vapor leaves a plant through the stomata.
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an unbalanced 16.0 N force is applied to a 2.0 kg mass. what is the acceleration of the mass
The acceleration of the mass is 8.0 m/s² when an unbalanced 16.0 N force is applied to a 2.0 kg mass.
To calculate the acceleration of the mass, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma).
We know that the force acting on the object is 16.0 N, and the mass of the object is 2.0 kg. So, we can use the equation to solve for the acceleration:
a = F ÷ m
where, a = acceleration, F = force (16.0 N), m = mass (2.0 kg)
So,
a = 16.0 N ÷ 2.0 kg = 8.0 m/s²
Therefore, the acceleration of the mass is 8.0 m/s²
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different between ionic and metallic bond
Answer:
Whereas ionic bonds join metals to non-metals, metallic bonding joins a bulk of metal atoms.
Explanation:
hope this helps
If the garbage truck and minivan in Part A get into an accident with each other, how can safety restraints in a car can save a life? Explain your response using one of Newton’s laws.
Which of Newton’s laws of motion act upon the vehicles at the point of impact? Explain your answer
Newton's law of motion that act upon the vehicles at the point of impact is the second law of motion.
Newton's second law of motion states that the force applied to an object is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum that is produced. Mathematically, we have;
F = m·v - m·u/Δt
Where;
m = The mass of the object
v = The final velocity of the object
u = The initial velocity of the object
Δt = The duration of motion of the object during change in velocity
Therefore, given that the mass, 'M', of the truck is larger than the mass, 'm', of the minivan, where the time of change in velocity Δt, and the initial and final velocities of both automobiles are the same such as in a sudden stop, the garbage ruck will exert more force than the minivan, and therefore, the garbage truck has a greater initial momentum before the automobiles are brought to a stop.
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The overall charge of an atom or ion is ________ if the number of electrons is ________ than the number of protons.
The overall charge of an atom or ion is negative if the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons.
What is electron?A subatomic particle with a negative charge is called an electron. It is found outside the nucleus of an atom and is one of the main constituents of matter. Electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of atoms and thus play an important role in chemical reactions. Electrons have low mass and move around the nucleus at relativistic speeds. They are also responsible for the electrical and magnetic properties of atoms, and for the transmission of light and other forms of energy. Electrons can also interact with other particles and form complex structures, such as molecules.
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Select the correct answer. given: sno2 2h2 → sn 2h2o tin oxide reacts with hydrogen to produce tin and water. how many moles of sno2 are needed to produce 500.0 grams of sn?
a. 1.57
b. 4.21
c. 634.8
d. 59,350
4.21 moles of SnO₂ are needed to produce 500.0 grams of Sn for the given reaction.
What is tin oxide reaction?Tin oxide, is a compound with the formula SnO₂. It is a white or gray powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in strong acids and strong alkalis. Tin oxide is widely used as a pigment in ceramics, glasses, and paints, and in the manufacture of electronic devices such as transistors and solar cells. It is a versatile compound with a wide range of uses and can undergo several important reactions such as: Reduction to tin metal, formation of tin dioxide, formation of tin salts by reaction with acids.
For the given reaction:
SnO₂ + 2H₂ → Sn + 2H₂O
Mole ratio of SnO₂ and Sn is 1:1; this means 1 mole of SnO₂ is required to prepare each mole of Sn.
Now, for the moles of Sn:
n = m/M
Where, n = number of moles
m = mass of Sn (500 g)
M = molar mass of Sn (118.71 g/mol)
n = 500/118.71
n = 4.21 moles
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anybody know the answer for these
KI - Ionic compound, KCl - Ionic compound,
C₆H₁₂O₆ - Covalent compound, KNO₃ - Ionic compound,
C₆H₄Cl₂ - Covalent compound, C₆H₅COOH - Covalent compound
CH₃COOH - Covalent compound, Parafin wax - Covalent
HCl - Covalent compound
What are ionic and covalent compounds?Ionic compounds can be classified as compounds formed between cation ions and an anion. A cation can be described as an electropositive ion and has the tendency to donate valence electrons. Similarly, anions are electronegative ions and have a tendency to accept electrons.
In an ionic compound, an ionic bond contains the complete transfer of electrons, therefore, there exists an electrostatic force of attraction that forms a strong bond.
In a covalent compound, the covalent bond exhibits the mutual sharing of electrons. Shared pairs of electrons are hard to give away as nuclei of two chemical elements together share the electrons and produce a bond stronger.
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If an engineer is designing a building in an area that has an occasional
supersonic flight pass over it, the engineer should:
A. Design the building with extra stores of oxygen for the workers in
case of emergencies caused by sonic booms.
B. Build the structure using materials that are heat resistant because
of the sonic booms.
C. Design extra reinforcements in the building's windows so that they
can withstand the vibrations from sonic booms.
D. Design the building with solar panels that can provide energy in
case of electrical outages due to sonic booms.
Design extra reinforcements in the building's windows so that they can withstand the vibrations from sonic booms.
What are Sonic booms?
Sonic booms are shock waves created when an object, such as an aircraft or spacecraft, travels through the air at a speed faster than the speed of sound (approximately 767 mph). Sonic booms generate a loud noise that can be heard over long distances. Sonic booms can cause property damage and are hazardous to people's hearing.
Extra reinforcements in the building's windows can help to absorb the shock of sonic booms. This is done by adding additional layers of materials such as glass, plastic, rubber, or metal to the window frame. These materials will help to dampen the vibrations from sonic booms, reducing the noise and preventing damage to the windows. Additionally, window seals can be installed to reduce air infiltration, further helping to protect the windows from the vibrations of sonic booms.
Hence, Option C is correct.
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What would happen to the boilling point of water at 8000m above sea level where air pressure is lower
The boiling point will be lower, because water boils when its vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
What is atmospheric pressure?Atmospheric pressure is described as the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth. Atmospheric pressure is commonly measured with a barometer.
If you are at 8 000 m above sea level, the air pressure is lower than one atmosphere and the equilibrium between the water and air pressures will be reached before.
In conclusion, Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the air molecules above.
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The boiling point of water at 8000m above sea level where air pressure is lower would be significantly lower.
How does air pressure affect boiling point ?The boiling point of water decreases as the air pressure decreases. At an altitude of 8000 meters above sea level, the air pressure is significantly lower than it is at sea level, so the boiling point of water would also be significantly lower.
At sea level, the normal boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. As the altitude increases, the atmospheric pressure decreases, so the boiling point of water decreases as well.
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PLEASE HELP FASTTT! pls put real answer :)
Automotive airbags inflate when sodium azide, NaN3, rapidly decomposes to its component elements via this reaction.
2NaN3 → 2Na + 3N2
***How many grams of sodium azide are required to form 5. 00 g of nitrogen gas?***
The molar mass of sodium azide is 64. 99 g/mol
The molar mass of nitrogen gas is 28. 00 g/mol
Show all steps in the solution of this question, including proper units, for full credit
3.88 grams of sodium azide are required to form 5.00 g of nitrogen gas.
In order to determine how many grams of sodium azide are required to form 5.00 g of nitrogen gas, we can use the balanced equation for the reaction:
2NaN3 (s) → 2Na (s) + 3N2 (g)
We can start by converting the given amount of nitrogen gas to moles:
5.00 g N2 x (1 mol N2 / 28.00 g N2) = 0.1786 mol N2
We know that the reaction produces 3 moles of N2 for every 2 moles of NaN3 that are used, so we can use the following ratio to find the number of moles of NaN3 required:
0.1786 mol N2 / 3 mol N2 = 0.0596 mol NaN3
Finally, we can convert moles of NaN3 back to grams using the molar mass of NaN3:
0.0596 mol NaN3 x (64.99 g NaN3 / 1 mol NaN3) = 3.88 g NaN3
So, 3.88 grams of sodium azide are required to form 5.00 g of nitrogen gas.
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How do we measure energy of a reaction?
Answer:
joules.
Explanation:
A measure of the total internal heat content.
which could be exothermic or endothermic
Analysis of a 10.150 grams sample of a compound known to contain only phosphorus and oxygen indicates a phosphorus content of 4.433 grams. What is the empirical formula of this compound
A 10.150 grams sample of a compound containing only phosphorus and oxygen which indicates a phosphorus content of 4.433 grams has the empirical formula P₂O₅.
An Empirical formula is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of different atoms present in the molecule of a compound.
given,
mass of the unknown compound= 10.150 g
mass of phosphorus= 4.433 g
therefore, mass of oxygen
=mass of the unknown compound - mass of phosphorus
=10.150-4.433 g
=5.717 g
we know that
molar mass of oxygen = 16 g/mol
molar mass of phosphorus = 31 g/mol
number of moles of oxygen
=mass/molar mass
=5.717g/16gmol⁻¹
=0.357
number of moles of phosphorus
= mass/molar mass
= 4.433g/31gmol⁻¹
=0.143
Now, we will divide the moles by the smallest number of moles (0.143)
O= 0.357 / 0.143 =2.49≈ 2.5
P= 0.143 /0.143 = 1
now, we will multiply both numbers by 2 to get the simplest whole number ratio
O= 2.5×2= 5
P= 1×2= 2
Thus, the empirical formula is P₂O₅.
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What is a chain reaction?
Responses
a chemical reaction in which the products link together and form a long chain
a chemical reaction in which the products link together and form a long chain
a chemical reaction which proceeds quickly and produces a great deal of energy
a chemical reaction which proceeds quickly and produces a great deal of energy
a process where the products released in one reaction are the stimuli and reactants for another reaction
a process where the products released in one reaction are the stimuli and reactants for another reaction
a process where the reactants used in one reaction are the products for another reaction
a process where the reactants used in one reaction are the products for another reaction
please hurry
Answer:
a process where the products released in one reaction are the stimuli and reactants for another reaction
Explanation:
A chemical reaction is described as a process in which the products promote or spread the reaction, which may accelerate dramatically under certain conditions.
Answer: chain reaction
Explanation: a chain reaction is a series of chemical reactions where the products of the reaction contribute to the reactants of another reaction. as a series of events that are each caused by the previous event. If a trash can falls over and this scares a cat who then jumps and knocks over a glass of water, thats a chain reaction. The trash can fall is the initial event, and the end result is the glass getting knocked over.
You have a 400-mL container containing 55. 0% He and 45. 0% Ar by ma at 25°C and 1. 5 atm total preure. You heat the container to 100°C Calculate the ratio of PHe : PAr
The ratio of the container with PHe: PAr will be given as= 12.2/1
All pressures present in a reference system are added together to get the total pressure, or ptot. Bernoulli (see Fluid mechanics) defined this pressure as the sum of the static pressure (p), dynamic pressure (pdyn), and geodetic component (g, z) that exist in a fluid along a stream line in a frictionless flow.The pascal (Pa), often known as kilograms per square meter per second (kg/m1s2), is the SI unit for pressure. Prior to 1971, pressure in SI was only expressed in terms of newtons per square meter; this nomenclature for the unit was added at that time. While a fluid is stationary or when you are moving with it, you have static pressure. You would feel an equal amount of air pressure from all sidesTo know more about pressure here
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The ratio of PHe: PAr will be given as= 12.2/1
All pressures present in a reference system are added together to get the total pressure, or ptot. Bernoulli (see Fluid mechanics) defined this pressure as the sum of the static pressure (p), geodetic component (g, z) and dynamic pressure (pdyn), that exist in a fluid along with a stream line in a frictionless flow. The pascal (Pa), often known as kilograms per square meter per second (kg/m1s2), is the SI unit of pressure. Before 1971, pressure in SI was expressed in terms of newtons per square meter. You have static pressure, while a fluid is stationary or when you are moving with it. You would feel an equal amount of air pressure from all the sides.
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Which sample contains the greatest number of molecules?
A 4g of hydrogen
B 18 g of water
C 24 dm³ of oxygen
D 66 g of carbon dioxide
And why is the answer that way?
Answer:
4g of hydrogen
Explanation:
4g of hydrogen (molar mass 2) corresponds to 2 moles of molecules or 4N number of atoms where N is the Avogadro's number (6.023×10
23)
How many liters of. 225 M Na2S solution would be required to react completely with 81. 8 g Fe(C2H3O2)3? (The molar mass of iron (III) acetate is 233. 00 g/mol. )
0.002 liters of 225 M Na2S solution is required to completely react with 81.8 g Fe(C2H3O2)3
Starting from the balanced equation of the reaction and the molar mass of iron (III) acetate (Fe(C2H3O2)3, first the reacting moles of this compound are determined, then the amount of reacting moles of sodium sulfide (Na2S) is determined and finally the amount of solution that contains said amount of moles.
Balanced equation of the reaction3Na2S + 2Fe(C2H3O2)3 → 6NaC2H3O2 + Fe2S3
Determination of liters of 225 M Na2S solution for a complete reactionThis determination is made in three steps:
Determination of reactant moles of Fe(C2H3O2)3Determination of the reactant moles of Na2SDetermination of the volume of solution with the number of reacting moles of Na2SDetermination of reactant moles of Fe(C2H3O2)3If 233.00 g of Fe(C2H3O2)3 is equivalent to 1 mol of Fe(C2H3O2)3
So 81. 8 g Fe(C2H3O2)3 equals x mol of Fe(C2H3O2)3
X mol of Fe(C2H3O2)3 = 81. 8 g Fe(C2H3O2)3 x 1 mol of Fe(C2H3O2)3 / 233.00 g of Fe(C2H3O2)3
X mol of Fe(C2H3O2)3 = 0.351 mol
Determination of the reactant moles of Na2SIf 2 moles of Fe(C2H3O2)3 react with 3 moles of Na2S
Then 0.351 mol of Fe(C2H3O2)3 reacts with x mol of Na2S
X mol of Na2S = 0.351 mol Fe(C2H3O2)3 x 3 mol of Na2S / 2 mol of Fe(C2H3O2)3 = 0.526 mol
Determination of the volume of solution with the number of reacting moles of Na2SIf there are 225 moles of Na2S in 1 liter of solution
So there are 0.526 moles of Na2S in x liter of solution.
X liter of solution = 0.526 mol of Na2S x 1 liter of solution / 225 mol of Na2S = 0.0023 liters, that is, 2.3 ml
Therefore, 0.0023 liters of 225M Na2S solution is required.
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The world’s record for the largest cup of coffee was broken on October 152010, with a 2010 gallon cup of coffee in Las VegasNevada. If a cup of coffee contains 237 mL of coffeehow many cups of coffee would be required to fill this enormous coffee cup?
The number of coffee cups that would be required to fill the enormous coffee cup would be 32 cups.
Dimensional analysisThe world's largest cup of coffee can hold 2010 gallons of coffee as recorded in Las Vegas.
A normal coffee cup will only hold as much as 237 mL of coffee. Recall that:
1 gallon = 3.78541 LIf 1 gallon = 3.78541 L
2010 gallons = 2010 x 3.78541
= 7608.6741 L
In other words, the coffee cup with the record size will hold a maximum of 7608.6741 L of coffee while a normal coffee cup will only hold 237 mL. The problem now is the number of number coffee cups that will fill the world's record largest coffee.
7608.6741/237 = 32.10
Therefore, the number of normal coffee cups that would be required to fill the enormous coffee cup would be approximately 32 cups.
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In regard to the E2 mechanism, rank the leaving groups in order of increasing reaction rate.
Slowest
Fastest
R-F R-I R-Cl R-Br
In the E2 mechanism, the rate of the reaction is affected by the strength of the bond between the leaving group and the carbon atom, as well as the stability of the resulting carbocation intermediate.
The order of the leaving groups in terms of increasing reaction rate would be:
Slowest: R-F
R-F is a relatively weak bond and the fluoride ion is a very poor leaving group, so the reaction rate would be slow.
R-Br
R-Cl
R-I
Fastest: R-I
R-I is a relatively strong bond and the iodide ion is a very good leaving group, so the reaction rate would be fastest.
R-Cl
R-Br
In short, the stability of the leaving group decreases as the atomic number of the atom increases, and the bond dissociation energy of the leaving group also decreases. So, it is Iodide>Chloride>Bromide>Fluoride.
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