A product of homolytic fission can never be

a - charged

b - nucleophile

c- both

d-none of these

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

both

Explanation:

A homolytic fission is said to have occurred when the breakage of a bond between two atoms leaves each of the bonding atoms with equal number of electrons. Homolytic fission often results in the creation of radicals.

Since homolytic fission yields two species with equal number of electrons(usually odd number of electrons), the products of such process can not be charged. They can not be nucleophiles because nucleophiles need to possess two electrons which can be shared with another chemical specie.


Related Questions

Trial 1: Heat 30.0 grams of water at 0 °C to a final temperature of 40.0 °C.
Trial 2: Heat 40.0 grams of water at 10.0 °C to a final temperature of 40.0 °C.

Which statement is true about the experiments? (5 points)
The same amount of heat is absorbed in both the experiments because the product of mass, specific heat capacity, and change in temperature are equal for both.
The same amount of heat is absorbed in both the experiments because the heat absorbed depends only on the final temperature.
The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 3,674 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.
The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 5,021 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Using the formula below to calculate the heat absorbed in each trial:

Q = m × c × ∆T

Where;

Q = amount of heat absorbed (J)

m = mass of substance (g)

c = specific heat of water (4.184J/g°C)

∆T = change in temperature (°C)

Trial 1: Heat 30.0 grams of water at 0 °C to a final temperature of 40.0 °C.

Q = 30 × 4.184 × (40 - 0)

Q = 30 × 4.184 × 40

Q = 5,020.8J

Trial 2: Heat 40.0 grams of water at 10.0 °C to a final temperature of 40.0 °C.

Answer:

The same amount of heat is absorbed in both the experiments because the product of mass, specific heat capacity, and change in temperature are equal for both.

Explanation:

Explanation:

Using the formula below to calculate the heat absorbed in each trial:

Q = m × c × ∆T

Trial 1: Heat 30.0 grams of water at 0 °C to a final temperature of 40.0 °C.

Q = 30 × 4.184 × (40 - 0)

Q = 30 × 4.184 × 40

Q = 5,020.8J

Trial 2: Heat 40.0 grams of water at 10.0 °C to a final temperature of 40.0 °C.

Q=40*4.184*30

Q=5020.8J

You are stowing items and come across an aerosol bottle of hairspray. What should you do? Please choose all that apply

Answers

Answer:stow the hairspray

Explanation:

Green plants use light from the Sun to drive photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which liquid water and carbon dioxide gas form aqueous glucose (CH1206) and oxygen (O2) gas. Calculate the moles of glucose produced by the reaction of 2.40 mol of carbon dioxide. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to 3 significant digits.

Answers

Answer:

.

Explanation:

Why ethanol is used in pectin extraction

Answers

Explanation:

is responsible for interrupting the interaction between pectins and solvent molecules

Match the following terms to their correct definitions.
ResetHelp
A cell that requires energy to bring about a nonspontaneous redox reaction.
An ion-containing conducting medium used to physically and chemically connect the two half-cells in an electrochemical cell.
A cell that requires energy to bring about a nonspontaneous redox reaction.
To move to drop area press Tab key.
faraday
salt bridge
anode
cathode
voltaic cell
electrolytic cell

Answers

Answer:

Electrolytic cell. Salt bridge.

Explanation:

Match the following terms to their correct definitions.

A cell that requires energy to bring about a nonspontaneous redox reaction. Electrolytic cell. In an electrolytic cell, energy is provided from an outer source, such as a battery. An ion-containing conducting medium used to physically and chemically connect the two half-cells in an electrochemical cell. Salt bridge. The salt bridge contains a salt (strong electrolyte) and it is fundamental in a voltaic cell.

What were the advantages for Mendel in using pea plants for his breeding experiments?

Answers

Answer:

He chose pea plants because they were easy to grow, could be bred rapidly, and had several observable characteristics, like petal color and pea color.

Explanation:

Is the following sets of quantum numbers valid? Give suitable reason. n=3,l=2,m=3,s=+1/2

Answers

Answer:

The set of quantum numbers is not valid

Explanation:

There are four sets of quantum numbers;

1) Principal quantum number (n) which takes on integer values from n = 1,2,3 .......

2) Azimuthal quantum number (l) which takes on values 1, 2, ....(n - 1)

3) Magnetic quantum numbers (ml) which takes on values from (-l) to (+l)

4) spin quantum number (ms) which takes on values of ±1/2.

From the above, we can see that m can not have a value of 3 when l =2 because m has values between (-l) to (+l). Thus, the sets of quantum numbers is not valid.

Qual número atômico do ferro?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is Iron.

Explanation:

I hope this helps you out. Have a nice day!

Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid molecule. It has one carbon atom. Draw the structural model for methanoic acid (using C and H).

Answers

ANSWER IS ABOVE

THE METHANOIC ACID

Which probing question lies within the scope of physics?
O A.
Are fish in the open ocean
attracted by underwater sounds?
O B.
Does increasing the saltiness of
ocean water affect the speed
of sound in the water?
O C.
What effect does the release of industrial wastewater have on
the acidity of oceans?
D. What is the effect of rising sea temperatures on
ocean currents?

Answers

Answer:

answer number C is the correct answer for this

What effect does hybridization have on chemical bond​

Answers

Effect of Hybridisation on Single, Double and Triple Bond Lengths of Carbon. Since the sp hybrid orbital contains more s-character (50%), it is closer to its nucleus; therefore, it forms shorter bonds. Because of the same reason sp2 hybrid orbital forms shorter bonds than sp3 hybrid orbitals.

Draw a Lewis structure for thiocyanic acid, HSCN, adding charges and lone electron pairs to the appropriate atoms.

Answers

Answer:

See explanation and image attached

Explanation:

Thiocyanic acid is made made up of hydrogen, sulphur, carbon and nitrogen atoms. Carbon is the central atom in the molecule.

The molecule has a total of sixteen valence electrons as shown in the image attached. There are no formal charges in the structure of the molecule as shown.

The molecule is linear in shape.

A molecule with the formula AX 4 uses ________ to form its bonds. sp2 hybrid orbitals sp3d hybrid orbitals sp3 hybrid orbitals sp3d2 hybrid orbitals sp hybrid orbitals

Answers

Answer:

sp3 hybrid orbitals

Explanation:

The formula of a molecule gives us an idea of its structure and the nature of hybrid orbitals that are involved in the formation of the molecule.

AX4 corresponds to tetrahedral geometry. If a molecule is in tetrahedral geometry, it is most likely sp3 hybridized as usual.

Hence, a molecule with the formula AX 4 uses sp3 hybrid orbitals to form its bonds

¿soy guapo?
si dices que si te doy una galletita

Answers

Answer:

Hindi ko po ma gets sinasabi nyu pwedeng pakiayus

Chrehtegv ittgger ok so eva

if salt and sand is mixed with distilled water, what will be the residue? and, what will be the filtrate?

Answers

Answer:

Filtration is a technique used as a remedy to separate mixes

Explanation:

If you have a sodium, then you will explore that salt dissolves but the sand is still the same.

If the salt in the resin water solution scanners, the sand remains the residue and passes through the filter paper.

All you have to do now is pleasant the salty water so that the water can evaporate, leaving the salt behind.

Give the name of the molecular compound and the name of the aqueous solution for each of the binary compounds below.

a. HCN
b. HF
c. H2S

Answers

Explanation:

A compound containing only two elements is called a binary compound.

(a). The compound HCN contains a hydrogen ion and cyanide ion. Hence, the name of HCN is hydrogen cyanide.

An aqueous solution of hydrogen cyanide is known as hydrogen cyanide solution.

(b). The compound HF contains a hydrogen ion and a fluorine ion. The suffix -ide will be added to its name. So, the name of this compound is hydrogen fluoride.

An aqueous solution of HF is known as hydrogen fluoride.

(c). The compound [tex]H_{2}S[/tex] contains two hydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom. The suffix -ide will be added to its name. So, the name of this compound is hydrogen sulfide.

An aqueous solution of this compound is known as hydrogen sulfide solution.

g Calculate the percent yield when you start with 0.50 grams of salicylic acidand end with 0.33 grams of aspirin. The molecular weight of salicylic acid is 138.12 g/mol, and the molecular weight of aspirin is 180.157 g/mol.

Answers

Explanation:

hope the picture above helps you to understand:)

How many molecules of C 2H 5Br will be present if you had 4.52 g of this compound?

Answers

okay ty what what happened to me lol lolhope this helps i lol lol oh yeah that’s okay lol lol yeah lol lol !!! hope it helps :)

Select the statement that correctly describes an endothermic process.

a. The enthalpy change for the process is negative.
b. Heat is lost by the system, but work is done on the system.
c. The enthalpy of the products is higher than that of the reactants.
d. The temperature change of the products is greater than that of the reactants.
e. Heat is released by the system, to the surroundings.

Answers

Answer:

C. The enthalpy of the products is higher than that of the reactants

Explanation:

An endothermic process is any process with an increase in the enthalpy of the system

The enthalpy of the products is higher than that of the reactants describes an endothermic process. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

What is the endothermic process?

An endothermic process can be described as any thermodynamic process with an increase in the enthalpy H of the system. In such a process, a closed system commonly absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings.

An endothermic reaction leads to an increase in the temperature of the system and a decrease temperature of the surroundings. A physical process, such as the melting of ice cubes is an endothermic process.

Whether a process can take place spontaneously depends not only on the enthalpy change but also on the entropy change and absolute temperature.

An endothermic process commonly needs a favorable entropy increase  (∆S > 0) in the system. In an endothermic process, the energy of the products is higher than that of the reactants.

Learn more about the endothermic process, here:

https://brainly.com/question/13818956

#SPJ5

A compound that contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 58.8% C and 9.87% H by mass. What is the empirical formula of this substance

Answers

Answer: The empirical formula of the compound becomes [tex]C_5H_{10}O_2[/tex]

Explanation:

The empirical formula is the chemical formula of the simplest ratio of the number of atoms of each element present in a compound.

Let the mass of the compound be 100 g

Given values:

% of C = 58.8%

% of H = 9.87%

% of O = [100 - 58.8 - 9.87] = 31.33%

Mass of C = 58.8 g

Mass of H = 9.87 g

Mass of O = 31.33 g

The number of moles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a substance to its molar mass. The equation used is:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(1)

To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:

Step 1: Converting the given masses into moles.

Molar mass of C = 12 g/mol

Molar mass of H = 1 g/mol

Molar mass of O = 16 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of C}=\frac{58.8g}{12g/mol}=4.9 mol[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of H}=\frac{9.87g}{1g/mol}=9.87 mol[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of O}=\frac{31.33g}{16g/mol}=1.96mol[/tex]

Step 2: Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

Calculating the mole fraction of each element by dividing the calculated moles by the least calculated number of moles that is 1.96 moles

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of C}=\frac{4.9}{1.96}=2.5[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of H}=\frac{9.87}{1.96}=5.03\approx 5[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of O}=\frac{1.96}{1.96}=1[/tex]

Converting the mole fraction into whole numbers by multiplying them with 2.

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of C}=2.5\times 2=5[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of H}=5\times 2=10[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of O}=1\times 2=2[/tex]

Step 3: Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : H : O = 5 : 10 : 2

Hence, the empirical formula of the compound becomes [tex]C_5H_{10}O_2[/tex]

The empirical formula of the substance is[tex]C_5H_{10}O_2[/tex].

Explanation:

Given:

A compound made up of 58.8% of carbon, 9.87% hydrogen, and oxygen.

To find:

The empirical formula of this substance.

Solution

The percentage of carbon in a given substance by mass = 58.8%

The percentage of hydrogen in a given substance by mass = 9.87%

The percentage of oxygen in a given substance by mass :

[tex]= 100\%-58.8\%- 9.87\%=31.33\%[/tex]

Consider 100 grams of a substance.

In 100 grams of substance:

The mass of carbon =58.8% of 100 g = 58.8 g

The mass of hydrogen = 9.87% of 100 g = 9.87 g

The mass of oxygen = 31.33% of 100 g= 31.33 g

The moles of carbon [tex]=\frac{58.8 g}{12.0107 g/mol}=4.90 mol[/tex]

The moles of hydrogen[tex]=\frac{9.87g}{1.00784g/mol}=9.79 mol[/tex]

The moles of oxygen[tex]=\frac{31.33g}{15.999g/mol}=1.96 mol[/tex]

let the empirical formula of the substance = [tex]C_xH_yO_z[/tex]

The value of subscript x:

[tex]=\frac{4.90 mol}{1.96 mol}=2.5[/tex]

The value of subscript y:

[tex]=\frac{9.79mol}{1.96 mol}=5[/tex]

The value of subscript z:

[tex]=\frac{1.96mol}{1.96 mol}=1[/tex]

The empirical formula of a substance :

[tex]C_{2.5}H_5O_1=C_{\frac{25}{10}}H_5O_1=C_{25}H_{50}O_{10}[/tex]

Reducing to the lowest whole numbers:

[tex]C_{25}H_{50}O_{10}=C_5H_{10}O_2[/tex]

The empirical formula of the substance is [tex]C_5H_{10}O_2[/tex].

Learn more about the empirical formula here:

brainly.com/question/1247523?referrer=searchResults

brainly.com/question/1363167?referrer=searchResults

The element antimony has two stable isotopes, antimony-121 with a mass of 120.90 amu and antimony-123 with a mass of 122.90 amu. From the atomic weight of Sb = 121.76 one can conclude that: ________
antimony-123 has the highest percent natural abundance
most antimony atoms have a mass of 121.76 amu
antimony-121 has the highest percent natural abundance
both isotopes have the same percent natural abundance

Answers

Answer:

antimony-121 has the highest percent natural abundance

Explanation:

percent natural abundance;

121.76 = 120.90 x + 122.90 (1 - x)

121.76 = 120.90 x + 122.90 - 122.90x

121.76 = -2x + 122.90

121.76 - 122.90 = -2x

x= 121.76 - 122.90/ -2

x= 0.57

Where x and 1 - x refers to the relative abundance of each of the isotopes

Percent natural abundance of antimony-121 = 57 %

Percent natural abundance of antimony-123 = (1 - 0.57) = 43%

Let us remember that isotopy refers to a phenomenon in which atoms of the same element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. This results from differences in the number of neutrons in atoms of the same element.

We can clearly see that antimony-121 has the highest percent natural abundance.

Suppose you need to prepare 138.1 mL of a 0.190 M aqueous solution of NaCl. What mass, in grams, of NaCl do you need to use to make the solution

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

·  44 g NaCl Explanation: The problem provides you with the molarity and volume of the target

The answer is rounded to two sig figs, the number of sig figs you have for the molarity of the solution.

The mass of a solute needed to prepare a solution with given volume is find by molarity. The mass of NaCl need to make a 138.1 mL solution of 0.190 M is 1.53 grams.

What is molarity ?

Molarity of a solution is a term to express its concentration. Mathematically, it is the ratio of no.of moles of solute to the volume of solution in litres.

Given that, the volume of solution is 138.1 mL. One litre solution is 1000 mL. Hence, 138.1 mL is 0.1381 L. The molarity of the solution is 0.190 M. From these data we can calculate the no.of moles of NaCl as below:

no.of moles = molarity × volume of solution in L

                    =  0.190 M × 0.1381 L

                    = 0.0262 moles.

This is the no.of moles required to make the solution.

Molecular mass of NaCl = 58.4 g/mol.

Thus mass of 0.0262 moles of NaCl = 0.0262  mol × 58.4 g/mol

                                                             = 1.53 g.

Therefore, the mass of NaCl required is 1.53 g.

To learn more about molarity, refer the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/16727614

#SPJ2

When 2.50 moles of oxygen reacts with excess hydrogen gas how many grams of water is
produced?
2 H2 + O2--> 2 H20

Answers

Answer:

90grams

Explanation:

The reaction given in this question is as follows:

2H2 + O2 → 2H20

Based on this equation, 1 mole of oxygen gas (O2) produces 2 moles of water (H2O)

Hence, 2.50moles of oxygen gas will react with excess hydrogen gas to produce (2.5 × 2) = 5.0moles of water.

Using mole = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of water (H2O) = 1(2) + 16

= 18g/mol

5 = mass/18

mass = 18 × 5

mass of H2O = 90grams

Draw the major product that is obtained when (2S,3S)-2-Bromo-3-phenylbutane is treated with sodium ethoxide.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The mechanism of the reaction is shown in the diagram below. From the reaction, when (2S,3S)-2-Bromo-3-phenylbutane undergoes a reaction with sodium ethoxide (ETONa), the E2 elimination reaction is put into place. Here, the H and the leaving group are antiperiplanar to one another and the reaction mechanism proceeds to form an isomeric (E)-2-phenyl-2butane as the major product.

The radius of a platinum atom is 139 pm. How many platinum atoms would have to be laid side by side to span a distance of 1.39 mm?

Answers

Answer:

5x10⁶ atoms of platium have to be laid side by side

Explanation:

1 atom of platium has a radius of 139pm = 139x10⁻¹²m. The distance that occupies 1 atom of platinum is 2 times its ratio:

139x10⁻¹²m*2 = 2.78x10⁻¹⁰m

Assuming there is no distance between to atoms of platinum, just its ratio. The amount of atoms necessary to occupy  1.39mm = 1.39x10⁻³m is:

1.39x10⁻³m / 2.78x10⁻¹⁰m =

5x10⁶ atoms of platium have to be laid side by side

11th grade chemistry question will mark brainliest
2.50 g of CO2 gas is confined in a rigid cylinder at a pressure
of 4.65 atm. If 0.42 g of gas is released from the cylinder,
what is the new pressure?

Answers

Answer:

3.88 atm

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of CO₂ in each case. This can be obtained as follow:

For 2.50 g of CO₂:

Mass of CO₂ = 2.5 g

Molar mass of CO₂ = 12 + (2×16) = 44 g/mol

Mole of CO₂ =?

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of CO₂ = 2.5 / 44

Mole of CO₂ = 0.06 mole

For 0.42 g of CO₂:

Mass of CO₂ = 2.5 g

Molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol

Mole of CO₂ =?

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of CO₂ = 0.42 / 44

Mole of CO₂ = 0.010 mole

Finally, we shall determine the new pressure. This can be obtained as follow:

Initial mole (n₁) = 0.06 mole

Initial pressure (P₁) = 4.65 atm

Final mole (n₂) = 0.06 – 0.010 = 0.05 mole

Final pressure (P₂) =?

NOTE: Temperature and volume is constant.

P₁ / n₁ = P₂ / n₂

4.65 / 0.06 = P₂ / 0.05

Cross multiply

0.06 × P₂ = 4.65 × 0.05

0.06 × P₂ = 0.2325

Divide both side by 0.06

P₂ = 0.2325 / 0.06

P₂ = 3.88 atm

Thus, the new pressure is 3.88 atm.

All --- is a good conductor of heat​

Answers

all metals is a good conductor of heat

when (S)-3-bromo-2,3-dimethylpentane is treated with sodium chloride with water as the solvent, the products formed are ___________. *Select all that apply

Answers

Answer:

(S)-3-chloro-2,3-dimethylpentane

Explanation:

When sodium chloride is treated with bromo dimethylpentane in presence of water, then chloro dimethylpentane is formed. This chemical reaction is stable reaction in water because of its solvency.

What is the mass of 2.30x10^22 formula units of NaOH (molar mass =40.0g/mol)

Answers

Answer:

643(%=:(¥75 )(:7$"8"),"7$"()9_/"¥?:

Suppose of potassium acetate is dissolved in of a aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate. Calculate the final molarity of acetate anion in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the potassium acetate is dissolved in it. Round your answer to significant digits.

Answers

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

Suppose 0.377g of potassium acetate is dissolved in 250.mL of a 57.0mM aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate.

Calculate the final molarity of acetate anion in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the potassium acetate is dissolved in it.

Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

Answer:

0.0152 M

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction is;

2CH3COOK(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)------> K2SO4(aq) + 2CH3COONH4(aq)

Number of moles of potassium acetate = 0.377g/98.15 g/mol = 0.0038 moles

Number of moles of ammonium sulphate = 250/1000L × 57 × 10^-3 = 0.014 moles

2 moles of potassium acetate yields 2 moles of ammonium acetate

Hence;

0.0038 moles of potassium acetate yields 0.0038 moles of ammonium acetate

Also

1 mole of potassium sulphate yields 2 moles of ammonium acetate

0.014 of potassium sulphate yields 0.014 × 2/1 = 0.028 moles of ammonium acetate

So potassium acetate is the limiting reactant.

Since 0.0038 moles of ammonium acetate is produced, the final concentration of potassium acetate is = 0.0038 moles of ammonium acetate/0.25L = 0.0152 M

Hence final concentration of acetate ions =0.0152 M

Other Questions
Betelgeuse (in Orion) has a parallax of 0.00451 + 0.00080 arcsec,as measured by the Hipparcos satellite. What is the distance to Betelgeuse, and what is the uncertainty in that measurement? what is the correct answer to this? Question 3 of 10How many hydrogen atoms are present in each water molecule?A. 3O B. 2OC. 4D. 1SUBINT Decide whether the sentence is grammatically CORRECT or INCORRECT as written.Mi abuela quiere limpiar nuestra casa. correctincorrect The following table shows the distribution of people in a tennis tournament, and oneperson is to be selected at random.Find the probability that the selected person is a female.Express your answer as a decimal, rounded to the nearest hundredth.Under Age 35Male 8 Female 1835 years and older Male 11 Female18 All of the following are functions of the national governing bodies of sports EXCEPTa.Enforce rules and laws b.Does not promote development of sportsc .Organize competition and events d. Arrange training and coaching which one is the answer above pysical education is the subject What is true about an equation with infinite solutions? When both sides of the equation are simplified, the coefficients are the same. When both sides of the equation are simplified, the constants are different. There are no input values that will result in a true statement. Only one input value will result in a true statement. Which is an incorrect statement? Cerebrum is responsible for:Single choice. (1 Point) a. mental activities and learning.b. the balance and equilibrium of the body.c. feeling of sense of pain. d. control of voluntary muscle contraction. Sam has 24 ball he gives 1/3 to Rita. How many ball did he give to Rita? if f(x)=-5^x-4 and g(x)=-3x-2,find (f+g) (x) Is [0,2) is compact in R? The bake sale will not have enough baked goods to sell. We all need to contribute to make it a success. We will make enough money. an effect english settlement in the caolinas was the migration of the:A. IroquoisB. TuscaroraC. FrenchD. Spanish Answer to this problem The Anasazi built mud brick rooms many were in the sides of cliffs what do you think this says about their society? what happened to Hindus after Muslims took over India? Paxton Company can produce a component of its product that incurs the following costs per unit: direct materials, $9.50; direct labor, $13.50, variable overhead $2.50 and fixed overhead, $7.50. An outside supplier has offered to sell the product to Paxton for $33.00. Compute the net incremental cost or savings of buying the component. Draw 2,3-dichloro octane on Repair by Finuala dowling, would you agree that there is a change in the speakers thoughts about her friends? in which line does this occur?which words signals change?what causes the change? explain Marigold Corp. reported a net loss of $12300 for the year ended December 31, 2017. During the year, accounts receivable decreased $6150, inventory increased $9840, accounts payable increased by $12300, and depreciation expense of $7380 was recorded. During 2017, operating activities ________.