The nutritionist can deduce that the mean cholesterol level for all clients is less than 4.6 mmol/L (Ha:4.6 mmol/L) because this p-value is less than 0.05, rejecting the null hypothesis.
Calculating the likelihood that a sample mean will be equally extreme or more extreme than the observed mean if the null hypothesis is correct will yield the p-value.
Using the observed sample mean as a foundation, calculate the Z-score:
[tex]Z = \frac{4.28 - 4.6}{0.5 / \sqrt{8}}[/tex]
To ascertain the likelihood of encountering a Z-score, look up the Z-score in a typical normal table. The Z-score in this case is around -2.56, with a probability of 0.0039.
The p-value is the chance of encountering a sample mean that is as severe or more extreme than the observed mean, given that the null hypothesis is true. The p-value for this test is hence close to 0.0039.
There is a 0.0039 possibility of seeing a sample mean that is as high or more severe than the observed mean (4.28 mmol/L) if the average cholesterol level for all customers is 4.6 mmol/L.
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HELP
cell membrane
nucleus
DNA
cytoplasm
ribosome
Answer:
Explanation:
1. cytoplasm
2. Nucleus
3. cell membrane
4. ribosome (looks like some other organelle but since ribosome is the only option left. I think its alright, and I'm pretty sure the rest is correct)
5. DNA
1. cell membrane
2. nicleus
3. cytoplasm
4. ribsome
5. DNA
Enzyme molecules are affected by changes in conditions within organisms. Explain how a prolonged, excessively high body temperature during an illness could be fatal to humans. Your answer must include:
the role of enzymes in a human
the effect of this high body temperature on enzyme activity
the reason this high body temperature can result in death
Enzymes are specialized proteins which can speed the reactions to a very great extent and thereby acts as efficient catalysts. The enzyme activity depends on pH and temperature.
What are enzymes?The biological catalysts which catalyze the chemical reactions taking place inside the cells and are capable of acting independently on the cells are defined as the enzymes.
Enzymes catalyze and control several chemical reactions that occur in our living cells. They helps in digestion, liver function, breathing, reproduction, nerve function, etc. The enzyme urea catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea.
The enzyme activity is sensitive to the temperature changes. All the enzymes shows maximum catalytic activity at optimum temperature. They are found to be denatured by heat and hence their activity is destroyed at high temperatures.
Thus at high temperature the enzymes will be inactive and this will affect the vital organs and lead to death.
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hydrogen ion concentration (ph) in blood is usually determined by means of which of the following electrodes?
Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in blood is usually determined by means of glass or silver/silver chloride electrodes.
These electrodes consist of a silver/silver chloride anode and a platinum wire cathode, and can measure the hydrogen ion activity in the sample.
The glass pH electrode is a type of electrode that is composed of a special glass membrane which is sensitive to hydrogen ions. This glass membrane is usually composed of a special combination of boron and silicate ions, which react to changes in the hydrogen ion concentration.
A pH electrode is an analytical sensor used to measure the potential of hydrogen (pH) in a solution. It consists of two electrodes, a sensor electrode and a reference electrode, which measure the hydrogen-ion activity in the solution. The exchange of ions between the two electrodes is what allows the pH to be measured. The sensor electrode is usually made of glass and is sensitive to specific ions, while the reference electrode is typically made of silver chloride and is used to measure the reference potential of the solution.
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Hydrogen ion concentration (ph) in blood is usually determined by means of which of the following electrodes?
Bilirubin diglucuronideCeruloplasminsilver/silver chloride electrodes.What chemical is produced by endothelial cells at the site of injury during the first step of platelet plug formation?
The chemical produced by endothelial cells at the site of injury during the first step of platelet plug formation is von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWF is a glycoprotein that is released from endothelial cells when they are injured.
What is endothelial ?Endothelial cells are the cells that line the inside of the body's organs and vessels, such as the intestines, the heart, and the blood vessels. These cells are a type of epithelial cell, meaning that they form a single layer that serves as a barrier between the body's organs and the outside environment. Endothelial cells are particularly important in providing a barrier between the blood and the body's other organs and tissues. They are also important in regulating the movement of fluids and nutrients throughout the body, and in providing a barrier to stop any potentially harmful substances from entering the body. Endothelial cells also play an important role in regulating the body's inflammatory response, as well as its immune response. Endothelial cells are also important in regulating vascular tone, which helps to ensure that the blood vessels are working normally.
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Read the quote from chapters 1-3 of Treasure Island. "He cleared the hilt of his cutlass and loosened the blade in the sheath; and all the time we were waiting there he kept
swallowing as if he felt what we used to call a lump in the throat." Based on these actions, what emotion is Black Dog feeling?
A. Anger
B. Fear
C. Joy
D. Excitement
1) A compound is composed of elements C, H, and N. A 8.400-mg sample of the unknown compound was combusted, producing 22.787 mg of CO2 and 6.533 mg of H2O. What is the empirical formula for this compound? (Type your answer using the format CxHyNz for the compound CxHyNz)
2) If the compound has a molar mass of 160 ± 5 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
Answer:165
Explanation:
The empirical formula corresponds to the molecular formula, that specifies the number of atoms in a molecule. Therefore, the empirical formula is C[tex]_4[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]N.
What is empirical formula?In chemistry, the empirical formula is however known as that of the simplest formula. It computes the lowest whole number values of elements within a compound by applying subscripts after element symbols.
In certain circumstances, the empirical formula corresponds to the molecular formula, that specifies the number of atoms in a molecule.
mass nitrogen = 11.55 mg - 0.499 mg - 8.544 mg = 2.507 mg
moles of oxygen = 17.75 /32=0.0005moles
moles of carbon dioxide= 0.018/44=0.0004moles
moles of water = 0.007/18=0.0004moles
mass nitrogen = 11.55 mg - 0.499 mg - 8.544 mg = 2.507 mg
moles of carbon =0.008/12 =0.0007moles
moles of hydrogen = 0.000499/1=0.0004moles
moles of nitrogen =0.002/14= 0.0001moles
dividing all by 0.0007
the empirical formula is C[tex]_4[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]N
Therefore, the empirical formula is C[tex]_4[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]N.
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Which choice has a negative charge?
O neutrons
O protons
O electrons
O nucleus
Answer:
Electrons
Explanation:
Electrons are a type of subatomic particle with a negative charge.
Protons are a type of subatomic particle with a positive charge. Protons are bound together in an atom's nucleus as a result of the strong nuclear force.
Neutrons are a type of subatomic particle with no charge (they are neutral).
Suppose that at room temperature, a certain aluminum bar is 1.0000 mm long. The bar gets longer when its temperature is raised. The length lll of the bar obeys the following relation: l=1.0000+2.4×10−5Tl=1.0000+2.4×10−5T, where TTT is the number of degrees Celsius above room temperature. What is the change of the bar's length if the temperature is raised to 12.2 ∘C∘C above room temperature?
The change of the bar's length is ΔL =0. 000312 m if the temperature is raised to 12.2 ∘C∘C above room temperature.
Given that
At room temperature ( T = 25 ∘C) ,L= 1 m
L=1+2.4 X 10-5T
So the length at 13.0 ∘C above room temperature:
L=1+2.4 X 10-5T
L=1+2.4 X 10-5x13
L=1.000312 m
So the change in length
ΔL = 1.000312 - 1.0000 m
ΔL =0. 000312 m
Since the length of the aluminum bar, L is given by , L = 1.0000 + 2.4 × 10⁻⁵T and T = 14.1°C, we substitute the value of T into L. So, we have L = 1.0000 + 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ × 14.1°C = 1.0000 + 0.0003384 = 1.0003384 m. The change in length is thus 1.0003384 - 1.0000 = 0.0003384 m ≅ 0.00034 m.
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If the factory has 17545 wheels, 3245 handles, and 1981 wagon beds in stock, then what is the maximum number of wagons the factory can make?
Answer: 2601
Explanation:To find the maximum number of wagons that can be made, first divide the total number of wheels by 4 since there are 4 wheels in a wagon.17901 wheels÷4=4475 R 1 wheels2. Take the lowest number parts out of the 3 materials. Thus, that would be the 2601 wagon beds. Since each wagon only requires 1 wagon bed, the maximum number of wagons that can be made is 2601
Place the steps for the production of ethanol from corn in order, with the first step at the top of the list.1.) Corn kernels are mixed with water.2.) Enzymes break down starches into glucose.3.) Yeast fermentation converts sugars into ethanol.4.) The mixture is distilled
According to the question, the procedure for producing ethanol from corn is 1-2-3-4. Water and corn kernels are added, and after enzyme-catalyzed starch breakdown into glucose and yeast fermentation to produce ethanol, distillation takes place.
There are four main phases involved in turning maize into ethanol:
To help extract the carbs, water is added to corn kernels.The mixture is then subjected to an enzyme process to convert the starches in it into glucose, which is a key sugar used in the production of ethanol.Following that, the glucose is consumed by the yeast, which then ferments it into carbon dioxide and ethanol.To finally separate the ethanol from the remaining water and impurities, the mixture is distilled. This method gets rid of any leftover water, yeast, as well as other byproducts to guarantee high quality.Learn more about the corn ethanol at
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What mass of naphthalene must be dissolved in 2.30 x 10^2 g of benzene to give a solution with a freezing point 31.0 C below that of pure benzene?
178.2g is the mass of naphthalene that must be dissolved in 2.30 x 10² g of benzene to give a solution with a freezing point 31.0 C below that of pure benzene.
What is naphthalene?Naphthalene is an organic molecule with the chemical formula C₁₀H₈. It is the most basic polyaromatic hydrocarbon, a white crystallized solid with a distinctive odor perceptible at levels as low as 0.08 percent by mass.
The structure of naphthalene as an aromatic compound is a bonded pair of aromatic ring. It is most well-known as the major component in traditional mothballs.
ΔT= i×Kf×m
31.0= 1×5.12×m
m= 31.0/5.12=6.05mol/kg
6.05 = number of mole/ weight of solvent
6.05 = number of mole/230
number of mole= 6.05×230=1391.5moles
mass of naphthalene=13.915moles×128.1=178.2g
Therefore, 178.2g is the mass of naphthalene.
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A gas has a pressure of 1.43 atm and occupies
a volume of 7.7 L. If the gas is compressed to
a volume of 1.64 L, what will its pressure be,
assuming constant temperature?
The gas pressure after compression will be 6.76 atm.
What is gas pressure?The ideal gas law, one that states , PV = nRT, where P seems to be the pressure, V is the volume, n represents the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvin, can be used to calculate the pressure of a gas.Assuming that number of moles of gas as well as the temperature remain constant during compression, the gas pressure after compression can be calculated as follows:
Given
Pressure = 1.43 atm
Volume = 7.7 L
Volume after compression = 1.64 L
V2 = (nRT) / 1.64 L P2 = (nRT)
P2 denotes the pressure after compression, and V2 denotes the volume after compression. To find P2, we must enter the following values into the equation:
6.76 atm = (1.43 atm x 7.7 L) / 1.64 L
As a result, the gas pressure after compression will be 6.76 atm.
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Write the empirical formula of at least four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions:
Mg2+, Al3+, F−, O2−
Answer:
Here are the empirical formulas of four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the given ions:
- MgF2 (magnesium fluoride)
- Al2O3 (aluminum oxide)
- MgO (magnesium oxide)
- AlF3 (aluminum fluoride)
The empirical formula of an ionic compound gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the ions present in the compound. The formula is determined by balancing the charges of the cation and anion so that the compound as a whole is electrically neutral.
Explanation:
The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in the compound. Binary ionic compounds are formed by the combination of a metal cation with a non-metal anion.
In this case, the given ions are Mg2+, Al3+, F−, and O2−. To form binary ionic compounds, we need one cation and one anion.
Here are some possible combinations of these ions, along with their empirical formulas:
- Mg2+ and F−: MgF2
- Al3+ and F−: AlF3
- Mg2+ and O2−: MgO
- Al3+ and O2−: Al2O3
In each case, the positive and negative charges of the ions balance to form a neutral compound. The empirical formula is found by writing the subscripts for each element in the simplest ratio that achieves this balance.
2h2o+2k.. please break it down for me
2H2O + 2K → 2KOH + H2↑
This reaction is Chemical displacement reaction
a student dilutes 50.0 ml of a 0.10 mol/l solution of hcl to 0.010 mol/l by adding water. which statement is true? select one: a. the volume of the solution remains the same. b. the total amount of solute decreases. c. the volume of the solvent remain the same. d. the total amount of solute remain the same.
a student dilutes 50.0 ml of a 0.10 mol/l solution of hcl to 0.010 mol/l by adding water. b. the total amount of solute decreases.
The total amount of solute decreases.
To calculate this, first, find the molarity of the original solution, which is 0.10 mol/l.
Then, use the dilution equation, M1V1 = M2V2,
to find the new volume (V2) of the diluted solution.
Plugging in the known values, V2 = V1 x (M2/M1) = 50.0 ml x (0.010 mol/l/0.10 mol/l) = 5.0 ml.
Since the total amount of solute (M1V1) stays the same (0.10 mol/l x 50.0 ml = 0.5 mol),
the volume of the solution (V2) decreases, the total amount of solute decreases.
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(DUE TODAY, PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY )
You push really hard against a round rock, but you cannot make it roll. Which statement best explains why you cannot move the rock?
Gravity pulls the rock toward the center of Earth.
The forces between you and the rock are balanced.
The force of your push is greater than the opposing force.
There is no friction to help you move the object.
Answer:
It's due to the forces that are known as balanced forces and it might also be because there is no friction
Answer:
The forces between you and the rock are balanced.
Explanation:
The force of your push against the rock and the opposing force of the rock pushing back on you are equal and opposite, meaning they balance each other out. This results in the rock not moving, because the net force on the rock is zero. This situation is referred to as static friction, which acts to prevent an object from moving when there is a force being applied to it. The force of static friction is always equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force being applied, until the force becomes large enough to overcome the static friction and cause the object to start moving.
Oranges are typically grown in warm climates because the trees can be damaged by freezing temperatures. If an orange farmer knows that the temperatures are going to drop to below freezing they will spray orange trees with water. Which of the following explains why this protects the oranges and orange trees from freezing damage?
a) The water protects the orange trees by freezing before the oranges do; the process of freezing releases heat which is absorbed by the oranges so they don’t freeze.
b) The water protects the orange trees by freezing before the oranges do; the process of freezing absorbs heat which is released by the oranges so they don’t freeze.
The following describes the need to protect orange and orange trees from freezing damage b) The water protects the orange trees by freezing before the oranges do; the process of freezing absorbs heat which is released by the oranges so they don’t freeze.
Effect of temperature on orange treesTemperatures below 32°F (0°C) are harmful to orange trees, especially over a long period of time. High temperatures have also proved critical for tree productivity. High wind speeds and cold can also cause damage to trees, reduced vegetation, loss of fruit, and decreased quality.
So to maintain the quality of the orange trees when the temperature is cold is to water frequently because water protects the orange trees by freezing them before the oranges freeze; the freezing process absorbs the heat given off by the oranges so they don't freeze.
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Hydrogen (H₂) gas and oxygen (O₂) gas react to form water (H₂O) vapor. Suppose you have 3.0 mol of H₂ and 7.0 mol of O₂ in a reactor.
Suppose as much as possible of the H₂ reacts. How much will be left? Round your answer to the nearest 0.1 mol.
Answer:
1.5 moles
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
This means that 2 moles of hydrogen reacts with 1 mole of oxygen to form 2 moles of water.
Since we have 3.0 moles of hydrogen and 7.0 moles of oxygen, the limiting reactant will be hydrogen (H₂). The amount of oxygen that can react with the available hydrogen is equal to half the amount of hydrogen, which is (3.0 moles / 2) = 1.5 moles.
So, after the reaction, we will have 3.0 moles - 1.5 moles = 1.5 moles of hydrogen left. Rounding to the nearest 0.1 mol, the answer is 1.5 moles.
According to Chapter 4, Alienation is an individual’s isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self.
Think of the ways workers are alienated from the product and process of their jobs. How can these concepts be applied to students and their education?
The alienation concepts can be applied to students and their education as follows: students feel forced to attend school and they feel dissociated from people around them or the process of their study.
What is alienation?Alienation can be defined as the withdrawal of a persons’s attention from something. In this case, alienation in students usually affects the quality of their study, as they feel separated and excluded from the environment in their school. Most people, although they feel uncomfortable with the separation in a school group, will just attend the school as they know it will benefit their future.
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Write the ionic and net-ionic equations for H2[CoCl4] + 4 NH4SCN = H2[Co(SCN)4] + 4 NH4Cl
Ionic Equation: H2[CoCl4] + 4 NH4SCN → H2[Co(SCN)4] + 4 NH4Cl
Net Ionic Equation: CoCl4^2- + 4 NH4SCN → Co(SCN)4^2- + 4 NH4Cl
How is an ionic equation written?By dissolving all soluble ionic chemicals (those denoted with a (aq)) into their corresponding ions, the ionic equation can be written. To demonstrate that an ion is present in solution, it should be displayed with its charge and a (aq). To display the quantity of each ion present, use coefficients.
What is the formula for net ions?The compounds that are directly engaged in the chemical reaction are the only ones that are shown in the net ionic equation.
Ionic reaction: what is it?Ionic reactions take place when two compounds exchange electrons, which can result in the formation of positively or negatively charged ions.
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I get really confuzed on this one Xane learned about single substances and mixtures of substances in his science class today. His mom asked him to tell her the difference between these two kinds of things.
Xane answered, "Single substances are objects made up of one material. Mixtures are made up of _______ material(s)."
A.
more than one
B.
one
C.
only two
D.
no
"Single substances are objects made up of one material. Mixtures are made up of more than one material(s)." Therefore, option A is correct.
What are mixtures ?A mixture is a material composed of two or more chemical substances that are not chemically bonded. A mixture is the physical combination of two or more substances that retain their identities and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
A chemical substance is made up of a single type of atom or molecule. A mixture is made up of non-chemically bonded atoms or molecules of various types. A heterogeneous mixture is one that contains two or more chemical substances that can be visually distinguished.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Write the complete nuclear reaction describing the initial alpha decay of Ts-293. Include all reactants and products separated by a reaction arrow, and include all isotopes and particles. Balance the reaction with coefficients if necessary. Include the correct superscripts and subscripts on each isotope and particle. For example, an electron would be written
∫ −1
e
The initial alpha decay of Ts-293 (Tennessine) can be described by the following nuclear reaction:
Ts-293 → Rg-289 + He-4
In this reaction, Ts-293 (Tennessine) decays into Rg-289 (Roentgenium) and a helium-4 nucleus (alpha particle). The subscripts indicate the atomic number of each isotope and the superscripts indicate the atomic mass. The reaction is balanced, with one atom of Ts- 293 decaying into one atom of Rg-289 and one alpha particle (He-4).
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A 0.10 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid has a pH of 4.0. What is the ionization constant, K
a
, of the acid?
The ionization constant, Ka, of a weak monoprotic acid with a 0.10 M solution and a pH of 4.0 is 1 x 10^-4. This means that for every 0.10 moles of the acid, 0.0001 moles will dissociate in an aqueous solution.
The reaction of a weak acid with water to form ions is known as acid dissociation. Weak acids, like the one in the question, do not completely dissociate in water and are only partially ionized. The degree of ionization is dependent on the value of the acid's ionization constant, Ka. This value is a measure of the acid's strength, and is determined by the equilibrium constant for the reaction between the acid and water.
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draw ethyl ester formation with benzoic acid reaction.
The hydronium ion ion, H 3 O +, found in all solution of acids in water, serves as the real catalyst in this situation. The ester absorbs a protons (a h+) from of the base in the first step.
Acidic compounds are what?
Acidic compounds can come from both plant sources, like the citric acid found in fruits, and artificial sources, like sulphuric acid. Typical compounds that react to generate salt and water whenever they come into touch with one another are acids and bases. The word "acid" comes from the Latin acere, which means "sour."
Acid in water is what?
Any material that when dissolved in water has an acidic taste, can change the color of some indicators (such as reddening blue litmus paper), can react with some metals (such as iron) to release hydrogen, can combine with bases to produce salts, and can accelerate some oxidation processes (acid catalysis)
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What volume in quarts is occupied by 100g of Hg?
The volume of a substance is found to be measured in Liters, Milliliters, cubic meters, etc. The volume in quarts is occupied by 100g of Hg is 0.0077.
What is volume?The term volume of a substance denotes how much capacity of matter it can hold. For example if a beaker can hold 100 mL of water, then its volume is said to be 100 mL.
The volume is also known as the ratio of mass to the density.
The equation connecting density and mass of a substance is given as:
Density (d) = Mass / Volume
Here density of Hg = 13.6 g cm⁻³, Mass = 100 g
Then d = 100 g / 13.6 = 7.352 cm³
1 cm³ = 0.001 L
V = 7.352 × 0.001 = 0.00735 L
1 L = 1.057 Quartz
0.00735 L = 0.0077 quartz.
Thus the volume in quarts is 0.0077.
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determine the total, carbonate, and noncarbonate hardness in mg/l as caco3 and in meq/l for the water analysis in problem 7.5
The total hardness = 2.84 meq/L, carbonate hardness = 2.84 meq/L, and noncarbonate hardness = 0 meq/L.
What is hardness of water?
Hardness of water refers to the presence of dissolved minerals, specifically calcium and magnesium ions, in the water. Hard water is water that has a high concentration of these minerals, which can cause issues in household appliances and plumbing, as well as affect the taste and lather quality of soaps and detergents.
To determine the total, carbonate, and noncarbonate hardness in mg/L as CaCO3 and in meq/L, you need to follow the following steps:
Calculate the total hardness:
The total hardness can be calculated using the equation:
Total hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) = (Calcium (mg/L) + Magnesium (mg/L)) × 2.5.
In this case, the total hardness = (67.2 + 40) × 2.5 = 284 mg/L as CaCO3
Calculate the carbonate hardness:
The carbonate hardness can be calculated using the equation:
Carbonate hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) = Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) - (Bicarbonate (mg/L as CaCO3) + Noncarbonate hardness (mg/L as CaCO3))
In this case, the alkalinity = 284 mg/L as CaCO3 and the bicarbonate = 0 mg/L as CaCO3, so the carbonate hardness = 284 - 0 = 284 mg/L as CaCO3
Calculate the noncarbonate hardness:
The noncarbonate hardness can be calculated using the equation:
Noncarbonate hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) = Total hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) - Carbonate hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
In this case, the noncarbonate hardness = 284 - 284 = 0 mg/L as CaCO3
Convert the values to meq/L:
To convert the values to meq/L, use the following conversion factors:
1 mg/L as CaCO3 = 0.01 meq/L
1 mg/L as MgCO3 = 0.02 meq/L
In this case, the total, carbonate, and noncarbonate hardness in meq/L can be calculated as:
Total hardness (meq/L) = 284 × 0.01 = 2.84 meq/L
Carbonate hardness (meq/L) = 284 × 0.01 = 2.84 meq/L
Noncarbonate hardness (meq/L) = 0 * 0.01 = 0 meq/L
So, the total hardness = 2.84 meq/L, carbonate hardness = 2.84 meq/L, and noncarbonate hardness = 0 meq/L.
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In performing the titration
Explanation:
responded to my question with what you want you're always saying in performing to tuition that does not help me to do anything that you want and answer with - yuri
KBr + AgNO3 → KNO3 + AgBr
Zn + 2HCI → H₂ + ZnCl₂
MgCO3 → MgO + CO₂
2Fe(OH)3 → Fe₂O3 + 3H₂O
Na₂CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + 2NaOH AgNO3 + HCI → AgCl + HNO3
Out of the chemical equations above, how many is (are) considered as a double replacement reaction?
8) For the equilibrium
A + B ⇌ C + D
K was measured to be 1.51 × 10⁻² at 25 °C and 255.0 at 600 °C. What is ∆S° for the reaction? Assume ∆H° and ∆S° are temperature independent.
9) The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base has an enthalpy change, ∆H°, = -55.9 kJ/mol. The net ionic equation for this reaction is
H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) ⇌ H₂O(l)
which is the reverse of the autoionization of water, and therefore its equilibrium constant, K = 1.0 × 10¹⁴ at 25 °C. You can determine ∆S° from this data. Use the ∆H° and ∆S° values to calculate ∆G° at 70 °C. Assume ∆H° and ∆S° are temperature independent.
Answer:
For the equilibrium A+B⇌C+D, the entropy change is determined by ∆S° = -R lnK, where R is the gas constant and K is the equilibrium constant. Therefore, ∆S° = -R ln1.51 × 10⁻² = -8.37 J/K.
For the neutralization of a strong acid and strong base, ∆S° = -R lnK = -R ln1.0 × 10¹⁴ = -137.1 J/K.
The enthalpy change is ∆H° = -55.9 kJ/mol. Using this data, ∆G° at 70 °C can be determined by ∆G° = ∆H° - (T x ∆S°), where T is the temperature in Kelvin. Therefore, ∆G° = -55.9 kJ/mol - (343.15 K x (-137.1 J/K)) = -37.4 kJ/mol.
Determine the overall charge on particles with the following subatomic makeups. 13 protons 14 neutrons 10 electrons 8 protons 10 neutrons 8 electrons 15 protons 18 neutrons 18 electrons 3 protons 3 neutrons 2 electrons
The first particle has a positive charge of +1, the second particle has a neutral charge, the third particle has a neutral charge, and the fourth particle has a negative charge of -1.
The number of electrons in each particle determines the charge of the particle. A positive charge occurs when there are fewer electrons than protons, and a negative charge occurs when there are more electrons than protons. In the first particle, there are 13 protons and only 10 electrons, so there is a positive charge of +1. In the second particle, there are 8 protons and 8 electrons, so the charge is neutral. In the third particle, there are 15 protons and 18 electrons, so the charge is neutral. In the fourth particle, there are 3 protons and 2 electrons, so there is a negative charge of -1.
It is important to understand the relationship between the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in order to understand the behavior of atomic particles and predict their behavior in chemical reactions. The charge of a particle is a fundamental property that determines its behavior in chemical reactions and interactions with other particles.
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