A multi-stage experiment was conducted with two different species: a nonpathogenic strain of Buttiauxella agrestis (Ba) and a strain of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) carrying a plasmid with a virulence gene (Hi/pVir). The cultures were treated as described for each stage (1-5, below), then inoculated into healthy mice. The mice were observed 24 hours later.
1. When Ba was inoculated ---> the mice lived
2. When Hi/pVir was inoculated ---> the mice died
3. When heat-killed Hi/pVir was inoculated ---> the mice lived
4. When Hi/pVir was mixed with Ba, the mixed cells were incubated for an hour, and then only the Ba cells were inoculated ---> the mice died
5. When Hi/pVir was first heat-killed before being mixed with live Ba, the mixed cells were incubated for an hour, and then only the Ba cells were inoculated → the mice lived
a) Which was the method of DNA transfer: transformation, transduction, or conjugation? Explain your answer, including discussion of which species was the recipient and donor.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Transduction

Explanation:

Transduction can be explained or described as the process through which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vectors.

It should be understood that initial Ba cells were not pathogenic or virulent, but the Ba cells becomes virulent when the DNA of the Hi/pvir was introduced into them during the incubation period. This process is what is known as transduction.


Related Questions

When water goes from being a liquid to a gas without boiling, the water______. A evaporates B condenses C precipitates D boils PLEASE HURRY IN A TEST!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

mark brainlest plz hope it helps

Answer:

A. evaporates

Explanation:

Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions. During the light-independent reactions,

Answers

Answer:... the energized electrons from the light dependent reactions provide the energy to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide molecules.

Explanation:

Answer:

In the light-independent reactions, the chemical energy harvested during the light-dependent reactions drives the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide. ... Light-dependent reactions

Explanation:

Which of these are methods of gene transfer for bacteria?

Answers

The three are named transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes


A. They are equally able to exchange gases with the environment while stationary.

B. They are highly maneuverable due to their flexibility.

C. The have paired fins.

D. A swim bladder helps control buoyancy

E. They are equally able to exchange gases with the environment while stationary.

F. They are highly maneuverable due to their flexibility.

G. They have paired fins.

Answers

Answer:

C and G

Explanation:

The statement that accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes is the possession of paired fins.

Sharks and ray-finned fishes are species of fish that belongs to a group called Chondrichthyes, which are characterized by their jaws.

Sharks and ray-finned fishes are cartilaginous fishes i.e. contain cartilage rather than bones.

Sharks and ray-finned fishes do not possess a swim bladder for buoyancy. They also both possess paired fins (pectoral and pelvic) joined together by a bone.

Therefore, the statement that accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes is the possession of paired fins.

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group is
Use the graph to compare the number of sprouts in the
experimental and control groups at the end of Week 3.
The number of sunflower sprouts in the experimental
the control group.
The number of birch tree sprouts in the experimental
group is
the control group.
The overall number of birch tree sprouts is
the overall number of sunflower
sprouts.

Answers

Answer:

1- greater than

2-greater than

3- less than

Explanation:

I just did it on edge

1- greater than

2-greater than

3- less than

Least common multiple of 5and 25

Answers

Answer: The LCM would be 25

Explanation:

Answer:

Hey there!

The LCM would be 25

Hope this helps :)

What would a temperature of 25 degrees Fahrenheit be in Celsius?

Answers

Answer:  3.88889 degrees Celsius

Explanation:  3.88889 degrees Celsius

What are not properties of enzymes

Answers

PLEASE MARK IT BRAINLIEST

1) THEY ARE NOT SOLID

Answer:The property which is not characteristic of enzymes is to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Enzymes are proteins. ... The important factors affecting enzyme activity are enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature and pH.

Explanation: above is the explanation

why there are more fungi in a forest than in a field? What role do they play in an ecosystem?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Fungi grows more in damp conditions. There is also more food availibility of food in the forest for fungi. There is more dead matter in forests that fields.

Fungi and other decomposers feasst on dead matter and break them down. This increases soil fertility and allows more plants to grow.

Answer:

The role fungi plays is a decomposer.

Explanation:

Decomposers are plants that don't make their own food. They get their food from breaking down dead plants and animals. Usually you see fungi in forests because its more moist and has more greens. A field is an open space and has too much sunlight, not many animals die in a field as in a forest its more common.

I hope this answers your question. :)) ~ kinzey

help with biology!!!!!

Answers

I don’t know
But I would help

Answer:

aquaculture and fossil fuels are the correct answers

Explanation:

Why is understanding trends in biodiversity a challenge?

Answers

Answer:

Animals migrate, some die, and new creatures could be introduced to the environment.

Explanation:

When we understand trends in biodiversity a challenge Animals migrate, some die, and also new creatures could be introduced to the environment.According to the Biodiversity is declining rapidly due to land-use change, climate change, invasive species, overexploitation, and also that pollution.Thus, These result from demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural, technological, and also those other indirect drivers.

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Match each species to its story of overexploitation.

a. Dodo
b. Canadian cod
c. Rothschild's orchid
d. Whales
e. Passenger pigeon

1. Multiple species were almost wiped out, but are slowly recovering after a moratorium on hunting them.
2. Once the most populous species of its kind in North America, these were hunted to extinction by 1901.
3. When sailors stocked its island with pigs, the pigs destroyed this species' ability to reproduce.
4. This species was almost wiped out by collectors who prized its rarity.
5. Once a major resource in Canada, the population crashed in the 1990s. Recovery is slow because they cannot reproduce until age 7.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Dodo- When sailors stocked its island with pigs, the pigs destroyed this species' ability to reproduce.

Canadian cod- Once a major resource in Canada, the population crashed in the 1900s. Recovery is slow because they cannot reproduce until age 7.

Rothschild's orchid-This species was almost wiped out by collectors who prized its rarity

Whales- Multiple species were almost wiped out, but are slowly recovering after a moratorium on hunting them.

Passenger pigeon- Once the most populous species of its kind in North America, these were hunted to extinction by 1901.

Overharvesting and using natural reservoirs including plants and animals, when their breeding rate is declining, is called overexploitation.

The correct matches are:

A. Dodo- Option 3. When sailors stocked its island with pigs, the pigs destroyed this species' ability to reproduce.

The influx of new animals in their territory and habitat destruction was the cause of the extirpation of the Dodo bird.

B. Canadian cod- Option 5. Once a major resource in Canada, the population crashed in the 1900s. Recovery is slow because they cannot reproduce until age 7.

They are now threatened species because of overfishing. Their breeding rate is also slow making them endangered species.

C. Rothschild's orchid - Option 4. This species was almost wiped out by collectors who prized its rarity.

The area in which the plant species thrives is now cleared and the plants are wiped out by collectors.

D. Whales- Option 1. Multiple species were almost wiped out, but are slowly recovering after a moratorium on hunting them.

Pollution, contamination and over whaling has led this variety to the verge of endangerment.

E. Passenger pigeon- Option 2. Once the most populous species of its kind in North America, these were hunted to extinction by 1901.

Their habitat loss and overexploitation for their meat are the main causes for which they went obsolete.

To learn more about overexploitation follow the link:

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PLESAE PLEASE HELP!
If Ryan were to become less active, what would happen to the number of extra calories he could consume. Explain plz!!!

Answers

Answer: The food consumed by the person may contain extra calories more then what is actually required by the body for daily physical work.

Explanation:

The extra calories can become harmful for the person if the routine daily activity becomes slow and less frequent. The extra calories will become the source of deposition of fats in the body. As the calories will not be used or burned out thus may be responsible for development of cases of obesity or overweight. The person may experience problems like diabetes, hypertension, and heart stroke.

Ryan will become obese if consume extra calories and become less active.

Answer:

The food consumed by the person may contain extra calories more then what is actually required by the body for daily physical work

8) This is the purpose for which something exists.

Answers

Answer:

the reason for which something exists or is done, made, used.

Density = Mass divided by Volume. What is the density of a block of wood that has a mass of 30 grams and a volume of 10 cubic centimeters?

Answers

Answer:

the density is 3.

Explanation:

Hope this helps:) if it does plz mark me as brainliest

What controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain homeostasis?

Answers

The cell wall controls this

what bond makes water molecules unique

Answers

Answer:

Water is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of most living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients. Its chemical formula is H₂O, meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. Water is the name of the liquid state of H₂O at standard ambient temperature and pressure. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds are formed from suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor. Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea.

Explanation:

PLZ GIVE ME A BRAINLY!!!

Due to water's polarity, each water molecule attracts other water molecules as oppositely charged ends of the molecules attract each other. When this happens, a weak interaction occurs between the positive hydrogen end from one molecule and the negative oxygen end of another molecule.

Answer the question

Answers

It’s the second answer choice

identify and explain two quality issues for business failure

Answers

Lack of strategy

lack of market management

Failure to market online. In an age where "Google" is a verb, if you're not marketing online, you're not selling as much as you could be. ...

Choose the true statements about amyloid fibrils. 3 options are correct.
1) Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease.
2) An amyloid fibril typically forms from aggregates of misfolded peptides resulting from frameshift mutations.
3) An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues.
4) Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble.
5) Proteins that convert to an amyloid fibril structure tend to have low solubility in their native form.

Answers

Answer:

Options 1, 3 and 4.

Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease.

An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues.

4) Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble.

Explanation:

Amloid fibrils are peptide or proteins that are formed during invivo or invitro conditions. They ate formed when soluble proteins combine together to for insoluble fibres that are resistant to degradation. They are found in extracellular tissues and posses pathological effect. They accumulate after nerve cells and causes several illness.

An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues.

4) Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble.

An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues.

Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble.

Answer:

The correct answers are options 1) "Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease". 3) "An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues", and 4) "Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble".

Explanation:

Amyloid fibrils are protein aggregates that can cause pathological conditions, for instance, they are found in brain tissue in people with Alzheimer disease. This disease, and other relates diseases, have a slow onset because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly and the protein aggregates are made up misfolded proteins. This newly synthesized proteins are soluble, but once the proteins are misfolded, they form amyloid fibrils that are insoluble. The amyloid fibrils are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues, which are formed within the complex of insoluble misfolded proteins.

In a community, before biomass is widely used as an energy source, several experts, including an ecologist,are hired to provide specific information. The ecologist would most likely be asked about

Answers

Answer:

The ecologist provide information about the ecosystem.

Explanation:

The ecologist is a person who provide information about the relationship between organism and its environment. The ecologist tell the people about the benefits of plants that exist in our environment. Biomass is widely used as source of energy in a community which is gained from cutting of trees. The removal of trees causes damage to the whole ecosystem so the people of community used less biomass or other materials as a source of energy.

Yeast has many commercial uses in the production of ____. Select all that apply.

Sodas
Breads
Fuels
Wine

Answers

Answer:

Bread, Fuels, Wine

Explanation:

It helps bread rise. Fuel=new developments in biofuel. Wine, yeast is used to differentiate the grape juice from wine.

Answer:

Yeast has many commercial uses in the production of __Bread, Fuels, and Wine__.

Which phrase best describes the side of the moon that faces the Earth?

Question 5 options:

We always see random sides of the moon.


We always see the left side of the moon.


We always see the right side of the moon.


We always see the same side of the moon.

Answers

Answer:

its random

Explanation:

i took the test

Answer:

we always see the same sides of the moon

Explanation:

i took the test

Explain how vaccines work? Using the words virus, immune system, white blood cells, memory cells and vaccine

Answers

Vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria. In order to do this, certain molecules from the pathogen need to be introduced into the body to trigger an immune response. These molecules are called antigens, and they’re present on all viruses and bacteria. Memory cells are then formed to remember the same pathogen for faster antibody production in future infections. Vaccinations increase the level of circulating antibodies against a certain antigen. Antibodies are produced by a type of white blood cell (lymphocyte) called B cells.

In plants, phloem is responsible for:
A) transporting water from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
B) transporting food created through photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.
C) transporting water from the roots to other parts of the plant.

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules in plants.

Answer:

the answer is A

Explanation:

Please answer quickly.
The trait for flower color is highly variable among certain species of rose plants, leading to the formation of flowers of different colors. How did the flower color variation in rose plants come about?

Select one:

a through mutation

b. through pollination

c. through natural selection

d. through asexual reproduction

Answers

The answer is A through mutation

Answer:

The answer is A hope it helps

What anatomical features makes it possible for Homo erectus to be a biped runner. Pick only one feature discussed in this week's material that allowed Homo erectus to be a biped runner. How is your chosen feature different from Australopithecus aferensis equivalent feature? Briefly explain the difference. Lastly, I would like you to briefly explain in your own words how endurance running would enhance the fitness of the Homo genus.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The early homo erectus had tendors, ligament and mass spring which enables them become adapted runner.

The mass spring is energetic contributing to high speed.

The mass spring is mechanism aids in the exchange of kinetic energy and potential energy in the presence of tendors and ligaments that stores up the energy this enables them to run.

Nocturnal ligament that is present in homo erectus the helps to keep the head in position is absent in Australopithecus. This ligament usually activated during running in erectus and makes running more convenient.

Endurance running helps the early homo's to survival as they often run to get preys and animals to feed on. Because they do not have all the tools needed to hunt, the need to move in close range to get the prey hunted.

What is a possible consequence of increased ocean temperatures due to global warming? Mark all that apply.

Coral reef bleaching

Increased rates of mercury poisoning

Increased storm activity

Sea levels rising along coast lines

Answers

Answer:

Coral reef bleaching

Explanation:

The correct answer would be coral bleaching.

Coral bleaching is generally define as the change in color that results from the expulsion of green symbiotic algae from the tissues of the coral.

The expulsion of symbiotic algae from the tissue of coral is usually caused by a change in stressor factors of ocean water such as light, temperature, nutrient.

When the temperature of ocean water increases as a result of global warming, the vibrant color of corals may be lost because the change in stress condition usually leads to the degradation of the algal pigments or outright expulsion of the symbiotic algae from the tissue of the corals. When this happens, it leaves the coral tissues completely white and they are said to have been bleached.

Why does an action that requires quick movement use a reflex arc?

Answers

sitting in a chair getting hit with a reflex hammer in the knee

Answer:

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This allows for faster reflex actions to occur by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of routing signals through the brain.

It uses a reflex arc because a reflex controls the brain and makes you think quick to do a fast movement that is known as a reflex, a example is something falling and your instinct is to catch it.

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration?
a CO2
b. Energy
CGH12O6
d. H₂O
C

Answers

The answer is C

Explanation: the products of cellular respiration is 6 water (H2O), 6 carbon dioxide (CO2), and ATP energy
Other Questions
A 2.7 M solution contains0 2.7 moles of solute per 1000 g of solvent.2.7 moles of solute per 1000 mL of solution.0 2.7 grams of solute per 100 mL of solution.0 2.7 grams of solute 100 g of solution.per Is this imagery? True or FalseThe planet is red, like mars. There's sand that's the color of golden retriever fur. Although the sand feels like you're rubbing coals over your face. The food looks dry like a raisin but it tastes like a newly made hamburger. The people who live on this planet have skin as white as salt but eyes, green as evergreen trees. The atmosphere smells like someone burned their popcorn and tried to cover it with a load of melted butter and the whole planet is silent. Like no one had ever been there in the first place. Given Event A, Event B, and Event C. Event A and Event B are mutually exclusive. Event A and Event C are not mutually exclusive.P(A) = 0.15P(B) = 0.35P(C) = 0.55What is the probability of the complement of Event B?0.850.350.650.45 Elise is a project managerIn 2016 she earned a monthly salary of 2,100in 2017 she had a 3% raiseGiven that in 2017 Elise worked 42 hours per week for 45 weeks, work out her average pay per hour for the yearplease help :( Andrea uses 9.8 pints of blue paint to paint her bedroom walls. 2/5 of this amount is blue paint, and the rest is white paint. How many pints of white paint did she use to paint her bedroom walls? Anna works at a local bank and helps first-time buyers apply for mortgages. She walks them through the application process and works to get them the best interest rate possible. Annas career falls in the _____ pathway of the Finance career cluster.A. Banking Services B. Security and InvestmentsC. Business Finance D. Accounting What happens in the Caribbean Sea today that happened to the explorers of the 1500s? Select the correct answer.Nathan had an infection, and his doctor wanted him to take penicillin. Because Nathans father and paternal grandfather were allergic to penicillin, Nathan has a 75% chance of having the same allergy. The doctor performed a skin test to see whether Nathan would react to it. The test is 98% accurate. If the test predicts that Nathan is not allergic to penicillin, what is the probability after the test that Nathan is not allergic to the drug?A. 0.1135B. 0.2450C. 0.9423D. 0.9932( ik its not B tho ) Every time I see him, he talks to me like he's got a chip on his shoulder. What type of figurative language is this an example of? How long ago do scientists believe the continents formed pangea What are the factors that can lead to one or both types of diabetes? Check all that apply.inherited genesbalanced dietobesityviruses in the environmentexercise Which situation can be represented by the equation Y equals 74X en una fiesta escolar se sirven 6 litros de agua fresca entre los 15 nios del saln aquien le toca mas? What is the probability of three quarters landing on tails if you know the first one haslanded on tails How does the difference in electronegativity values determine the type of bond that occurred? Ionic or covalent What three traits are used to classify organisms last question of the day with 25 points.help plzzzI will give brainly for the fastest and with steps A cylinder with a radius of 3 cm and a height of 7 cm is inside of a sphere with a radius of 12 cm. How much space is inside the sphere, but outside the cylinder?A. 1665 cm 3B. 1728 cm 3C. 2241 cm 3D. 2304 cm3 I'm honestly confused helpWhat ordered pair is the solution to this system of equationsy = 5x + y = -1 Free markets are characterized by _____. government control of the exchange of goods and services the unregulated exchange of goods and services state ownership of the means of production production quotas that are set by the government