(A) Hemoglobin is 50% saturated (P50) at 20 torr, which is approximately equal to the partial pressure of O2 in muscle. The partial pressure of O2 in the lungs is 100 torr. If the Hill coefficient nh = 3, calculate how efficient hemoglobin is at O2 delivery. Express your answer as the difference between factional O2 binding in the lungs and fractional O2 binding in muscle (qlungs – qmuscle). (B) How would the efficiency of O2 delivery change if hemoglobin were not cooperative (i.e. if nh =1)?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Given that:

P₅₀ = 20 torr in muscle

The partial pressure of O2 in lungs Po₂ = 100 torr

The hill coefficient [tex]n_h[/tex] = 3

According to the Hill coefficient;

[tex]\dfrac{\Upsilon}{1-\Upsilon}= (\dfrac{PO_2}{P_{50}})^n[/tex]

here;

[tex]\Upsilon[/tex] = fraction of haemoglobin monomers

[tex]\dfrac{\Upsilon}{1-\Upsilon}= (\dfrac{100}{20})^3[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{\Upsilon}{1-\Upsilon}[/tex] = 125 θ lungs

However for θ muscle :

[tex](\dfrac{PO_2}{P_{50}})^n=( \dfrac{20}{20})^3[/tex]

= 125 (θ lungs) - 1 (θ muscle)

= 124

B.

if nh =1

[tex]\mathtt {\theta \ lungs} = \dfrac{\Upsilon}{1-\Upsilon}= (\dfrac{100}{20})^1[/tex]

[tex]\mathtt {\theta \ lungs} =5[/tex]

[tex]\mathtt {\theta \ muscle} = \dfrac{20}{20}^1[/tex]

(θ muscle) = 1

(θ lungs) - (θ muscle) = 5 - 1

(θ lungs) - (θ muscle) = 4

Answer 2

A) The efficiency of hemoglobin at O₂ delivery = 124

B) Efficiency of O₂ delivery will change by : 4  

Given data:

Partial pressure of O₂ in lungs ( PO₂ )  = 100 torr

Partial pressure of O₂ in muscle  = ( P₅₀ ) = 20 torr

Hill coefficient nh = 3

r = fraction of hemoglobin monomers

A) Determine the efficiency of hemoglobin at O₂ delivery

Given that Hill coefficient = [tex]\frac{r}{1-r} = (\frac{PO_{2} }{P_{50} } )^{n}[/tex]  

                                          = [tex]\frac{r}{1-r} = (\frac{100}{20})^{3}[/tex]  = 125 ∅ Lungs

For Muscle :

[tex](\frac{20}{20} )^{3}[/tex] =  1 ∅ muscle

Therefore the efficiency of hemoglobin at 0₂ delivery

= ( ∅ lungs - ∅ muscle )

=  ( 125 - 1 )  = 124

B )  Determine the change in efficiency of O2 delivery

when hill coefficient ( nh ) = 1

for lungs :

[tex]\frac{r}{1-r} = (\frac{100}{20})^{1}[/tex]  = 5

for muscle :

[tex](\frac{20}{20} )^{1}[/tex]   = 1

Therefore change on efficiency =  ( 5 - 1 ) = 4

Hence we can conclude that The efficiency of hemoglobin at O₂ delivery = 124 and Efficiency of O₂ delivery will change by  4  

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Related Questions

How many grams are 4.78x10*21 atoms of aluminum?

Answers

0.214 grams. you divide the number of atoms by avogrados number (6.022*10^23) and multiply the number of moles you get by the molar mass of aluminum. you should get .214 grams!

butter melting on warm pancakes is
conduction
convection
radiation

Answers

convection
because convection is the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.

butter melting on warm pancakes is convection

The following information should be considered:

Since convection is the movement arise within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise,.Moroever, it is colder, denser material to sink under the impact of gravity,  that leads in transfer of heat.

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Which of the following is the best description of matter?

Answers

Answer:

description of matter:

Matter is everything around you. Atoms and compounds are all made of very small parts of matter. Those atoms go on to build the things you see and touch every day. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space (it has volume).

please give me brainliest if I answered you question correctly

Question 1 (5 points)
Calculate the frequency of a photon that exhibits a wavelength of 451 nm.
Equation: E = hu
h = 6.63 x 10-34]'s

Answers

Answer:

e

Explanation:

How many moles of Hions are present in the following aqueous solution?
3.3 mL of a 0.65 M nitric acid:

Answers

Answer:

Nitric acid is a strong acid meaning it completely dissociates in water. Therefore, you can say that the concentration of H+ ions in solution is the same as the concentration of the acid (molar concentration). So once you have that, you can use the pH formula to find the pH of the acid.

pH = -log[H+]

So if you have .15 M HNO3 the pH is 0.82.

But, if you have a different concentration, the pH will change.

Explanation:

All living things are made of organic compounds which contain the element
A)
carbon.
B)
hydrogen.
C)
oxygen.
D)
phosphorus.

Answers

c
explanation; ( i’m smart )

To make a ball move faster, you need to increase
The force applied to the ball
The size of the ball
O The mass of the ball
The friction under the ball

Answers

Answer:

The force applied to the ball.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!! Good luck!!


The oxidation number that the Alkaline Earth Metals normally have when forming compounds is

Answers

Answer:

+2

Explanation:

All the alkaline earth metals have 2 valence electrons in their valence shell. Therefore, they lose 2 electrons to form cations with a +2 charge. For example, Mg²⁺.

Hope that helps.

what is the formula for calcium bisulfate

Answers

Answer:

the formula

Explanation:

Question 3 (12 points)
The core becomes a
a hot, dense, slowly cooling sphere of carbon.
Оа
red dwarf

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Calculate the energy of a wave given a frequency of
9.43 x 1011 Hz.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is

[tex]4.92 \times {10}^{ - 22} \: J[/tex]

Explanation:

In order to find the energy of the wave we use the formula

e = hf

where

e is the energy

f is the frequency

h is the Planck's constant which is

6.626 × 10-³⁴ Js

From the question

f = 9.43 × 10¹¹ Hz

We have

[tex]e = 9.43 \times {10}^{11} \times 6.626 \times {10}^{ - 34} \\ [/tex]

We have the final answer as

[tex]4.92 \times {10}^{ - 22} \:J[/tex]

Hope this helps you

Give the net ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of lithium sulfide and copper (II) nitrate are mixed.

Answers

Answer:

S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) ⇒ CuS(s)

Explanation:

Let's consider the molecular equation that occurs when aqueous solutions of lithium sulfide and copper (II) nitrate are mixed.

Li₂S(aq) + Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) ⇒ 2 LiNO₃(aq) + CuS(s)

The complete ionic equation includes all the ions and the species that do not dissociate in water.

2 Li⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) ⇒ 2 Li⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) + CuS(s)

The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the species that do not dissociate in water.

S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) ⇒ CuS(s)

The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the species that do not dissociate in water.

S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) ⇒ CuS(s)

The molecular equation that occurs when aqueous solutions of lithium sulfide and copper (II) nitrate are mixed.

Li₂S(aq) + Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) ⇒ 2 LiNO₃(aq) + CuS(s)

The complete ionic equation includes all the ions and the species that do not dissociate in water.

2 Li⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) ⇒ 2 Li⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) + CuS(s)

The net ionic equation includes only the ions that participate in the reaction and the species that do not dissociate in water.

S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) ⇒ CuS(s)

Thus, net ionic equation is S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) ⇒ CuS(s).

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Which of the following mixture can be separated by sedimentation?
A water and kerosene B. water and sand
C. water and sugar
D water and alcohol​

Answers

i think the answer might be B

Which of the following is least like the others on the list?

a. Estrogen
b. Cholesterol
c. Glycogen
d. Triglyceride

Answers

Answer:

Glycogen

Explanation:

a,b,d are lipidic and glycogen is glucide

glycogen:) is the answerrr

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convection
radiation

Answers

Answer:

its Radiation

Explanation:

Because it transfers heat from a object to a less hot object in this case from a hot curling iron to your hair.

I’m confused on this

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The scientist had a wrong hypothesis?

Answer:

it would be C.

Explanation:

becuase the scientist would know what to to next time for his next experiment. even if it went wrong, he can try to get it right again.

Material
Appearance of the material,
including its color and state
baking soda
baking powder
Salt
sugar
flour
vinegar
cooking oil

Answers

Baking Soda; (dusty) (white and solid)

The appearance and physical states of the material given is described below please look at it.

Appearance of the materials:

Baking soda: It is a white solid.

Salt: it is white in color having a solid physical state.

Sugar: It is white in color having crystals or solid in physical state.

Flour: It is creamish white in color having solid particles.

Vinegar: It is transparent in color.

Cooking oil: It is a yellowish emulsion.

Find more information about Solid state here:

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What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave that travels at 3.0 x 10^8m/s and has a frequency of 5.43 x 10^-12Hz?

Answers

Answer:

frequency f = velocity of light (c)/wavelength

therefore, wavelength =

velocity of light /frequency

= 3 x 10^8/ 5.43 x 10^-12

= 0.552 x 10^20.

HOPE IT HELPS

the elements least likely to form bonds are found in witch group?1
A. 15
B. 16
C. 17
D. 18​

Answers

Answer:

D. 18

Explanation:

group 18 elements are called noble gases.

They have complete octet in their valance shell. Therefore, they are least likely to form bonds with other elements.

PLEASE HELP!!! Do you think the number of animals that eats plants is related to the number of plants?

Answers

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

As the number of animals that eat plants increase, the number of plants decrease. This is because the animals are eating a larger and larger number of plants and reducing the population.

When the number of plants gets too low, the animals will not be able to survive, and they will start to decrease in numbers. In turn, the plants will increase again. Eventually, they will reach an equilibrium.

Which of these would MOST LIKELY cause an increase in the price of an item?
A)
declining popularity of the item
Eliminate
B)
a decrease in the price of a substitute product
improved technology in the production of that item
D)
an increase in the cost of raw materials for that item

Answers

Answer: D

Explanation:

It is the most likely one

Explanation:

sorry if you get it wrong but I think its b

what do borates do structurally that none of the other non silicates with anionic complexes do g

Answers

Answer:

Kindly check the explanation section.

Explanation:

The chemical compound known as Borates has the Molecular Formula: BO3^-3. It has the shape of a triangle but Borates can form multiples ones that is to say quadrangles. Also, as a result of the fact that the octect is not complete, Borates are used as lewis Acid.

The oxygen present in Borates is/are directly attached to the central atom that is Boron while in non silicates the oxygen(s) that may be present is not directly attached to the central atom.

Many plants are poisonous because their stems and leaves contain oxalic acid, H2C2O4, or sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4. When ingested, these substances cause swelling of the respiratory tract and suffocation. A standard analysis for determining the amount of oxalate ion, C2O 2− 4 , in a sample is to precipitate this species as calcium oxalate, which is insoluble in water. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between sodium oxalate and calcium chloride, CaCl2, in aqueous solution.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Calcium chloride is a soluble salt which dissociates into calcium and chloride ions when dissolved in water.

CaCl₂(aq) ----> Ca²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)

Similarly, sodium oxalate when dissolved in water dissociates into sodium and oxalate ions.

Na₂CO₄(aq) ----> 2Na⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq)

However, in a double displacement reaction where the two solutions of the salts are mixed, the insoluble salt calcium oxalate is precipitated. The net ionic equation for the reaction is shown below:

Ca²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq) ----> CaC₂O₄(s)

. What is the density of a block of plastic if the volume of the block is 5 cm and the mass is 17.2 g?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 3.44 g/cm³

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\[/tex]

From the question

mass = 17.2 g

volume = 5 cm³

We have

[tex]density = \frac{17.2}{5} \\ [/tex]

We have the final answer as

3.44 g/cm³

Hope this helps you

a sample can not be broken down physically or chemically what is it

Answers

Answer:

Pure Substance. A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties. Element. A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.

Explanation:

Sorry if it's wrong!!!!!!!

Answer:

Elements

Explanation:

Elements cannot be broken down into anything simpler physically or chemically. Compounds: are pure substances that are made up of more than l type of atom and can be broken down or decomposed into its individual elements by chemical methods, but cannot be separated by physical methods.

Which lists three parts of sunlight that make up some of the visible spectrum?
O green, blue, indigo
O infrared, red, orange
ultraviolet infrared, electromagnetic
violet, ultraviolet A ultraviolet B
Brainly if correct Hurry

Answers

Answer:

Its A

Explanation:

Green, blue, indigo lists three parts of sunlight that make up some of the visible spectrum. Hence option with green, blue, indigo is correct.

What is Electromagnetic Spectrum ?

Electromagnetic spectrum is nothing but the range of wavelengths or frequencies on which electromagnetic radiation extend. it is whole distribution of electromagnetic waves according to frequency or wavelength. Electromagnetic wave is nothing but a photon which carries energy. Photon has frequency, wavelength as well as amplitude.

Electromagnetic spectrum is show in figure.

Range from 4000 angstrom to 7000 angstrom from violet to red respectively shows the visible light

Infrared light is nothing but the heat we feel from the sun. and ultraviolet light is blacked by ozone layer. we can calculate exact value of temperature of the sun rom Stephan's forth power law.

Green, blue, indigo, red and oranges are the colors from visible light, therefore they are part of visible light.

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Why does a water molecule have a bent shape?

Answers

The 2 lone electron pairs exerts a little extra repulsion on the two bonding hydrogen atoms to create a slight compression to a 104obond angle. The water molecule is bent molecular geometry because the lone electron pairs, although still exerting influence on the shape, are invisible when looking at molecular geometry.

Answer:

The oxygen atom has lone pairs of electrons.

Explanation:

What is cheese made of is it like a piece of moon ?!

Answers

Answer:

It's made from dairy.

Explanation:

It’s made from dairy

The oligopeptide MNQSYGRLVSRAAIAATAMASLIKIFAWWY was cleaved by reaction with trypsin. Trypsin is a serine protease that hydrolyses peptide chains at the proteins at the carboxyl sides of the amino acids lysine or arginine. The products of the digestion are then subjected to ESI TOF-MS in positive ion mode with the peptides in a pH 2 solution. a. Calculate the mass of each cleavage product based on their amino acid sequence and determine their predominant charge state at pH 2. Which product will reach the detector first

Answers

Answer:

Follows are the solution to this question:

Explanation:

The creation of four fragments,  

(n endpoint) MNQSYGR (c endpoint)  

Weight of the molecular = 854.92

Load = 2

[tex]\to \frac{mass}{Load}[/tex] = 427.46

(n endpoint)RLVSR (c endpoint)

Weight of the molecular = 629.76

Load = 3

[tex]\to \frac{mass}{Load}[/tex]= 209.92

(n endpoint) AATAMASLIK (c endpoint)

Weight of the molecular = 976.20

Load at pH(2). = 2

[tex]\to \frac{mass}{Load}[/tex]= 442.50

(n endpoint) IFAWWY (c endpoint)

Weight of the molecular = 885.03

Load= 1

[tex]\to \frac{mass}{Load}[/tex]= 885.03

It is apparent that RLVSR is the smallest mass ration for this peptide that is detected in the first place.

2. What is an example of an object that affects gravity on Earth?

Answers

Answer:

The moon

Explanation:

The moon pulls on the earth, causing the tides to raise as the water is being pulled by the moon.

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