A covalent bond between two atoms is___
A. Formed when each atom shares one of its inner-orbit electrons with the other atom
B. Formed when each atom shares one of its outer-orbit electrons with the other atom
C. The strongest of the chemical bonds
D. Formed when each atom shares one of its inner-orbit electrons with the other atom and the strongest of the chemical bonds
E. Formed when each atom shares one of its outer-orbit electrons with the other atom and the strongest of the chemical bonds

Answer:

B. Cornstarch

Explanation:

Iodine reacts with some substances and changes color as a result of the reaction. Out of the items listed:

B. Cornstarch will react with iodine and produce a blue-black color. This reaction is due to the presence of starch, which reacts with iodine to form a complex molecule called iodine starch.

A. Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, does not react with iodine and will not cause a color change.

C. Salt, also known as sodium chloride, does not react with iodine and will not cause a color change.

D. Powdered sugar, also known as sucrose, does not react with iodine and will not cause a color change.

The rate law expression for the destruction of O3 based on the proposed two-step mechanism is: rate = k[O3][NO]

This expression is derived from the proposed mechanism by identifying the rate-determining step (the slow step) and using the concentrations of the reactants involved in that step.

In this case, the slow step is the reaction between O3 and NO to form NO2 and O2. Therefore, the rate law expression is based on the concentrations of O3 and NO, and the rate constant k.

It is important to note that the rate law expression does not include the concentrations of the other reactants or products involved in the mechanism, as they are not involved in the rate-determining step.

Overall, the rate law expression for the destruction of O3 in the upper atmosphere based on the proposed two-step mechanism is rate = k[O3][NO].

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The statement that best explains why the chemical equation provided for combustion of methane supports law of conservation of mass is as follows: There is same number of each kind of atom before and after the chemical reaction and the total mass remains the same (option D).

The law of conservation of mass is a conservation law that states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant regardless of the chemical or physical changes that take place within it.

The law of conservation of mass further explains that in a chemical reaction, the amount of each atom on both sides of the equation is the same.

According to this question, methane gets combusted in air. To fulfill the law of conservation of mass, the same number of each kind of atom before and after the chemical reaction and the total mass remains the same.

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According to solubility graph, NaCl is considered unsaturated when 40g of solute is dissolved at 40ºC.

Solubility is defined as the ability of a substance which is basically solute to form a solution with another substance. There is an extent to which a substance is soluble in a particular solvent. This is generally measured as the concentration of a solute present in a saturated solution.

The solubility mainly depends on the composition of solute and solvent ,its pH and presence of other dissolved substance. It is also dependent on temperature and pressure which is maintained.

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Acetanilide is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H9NO. Its structure consists of a phenyl group attached to an amino group and a carbonyl group.

What is Recrystallization Solvent?

It involves dissolving a solid compound in a suitable solvent at high temperature, and then allowing it to cool down slowly to form pure crystals. The choice of solvent is crucial in the recrystallization process, as the solvent must be able to dissolve the solid compound at high temperature but not at low temperature, which would lead to the formation of pure crystals.

Acetanilide is a polar organic compound and is typically soluble in organic solvents such as hot ethanol, hot methanol, and hot water. These solvents are good recrystallization solvents for acetanilide because they can dissolve it at elevated temperatures, and upon cooling, the solubility of acetanilide decreases, leading to its precipitation and crystallization. The solvents are also able to dissolve impurities that might be present in the sample, so that the impurities remain in solution while the pure acetanilide crystals are formed upon cooling. Additionally, these solvents are relatively non-toxic, making them safe to use in a laboratory setting.

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A hydrate of sodium carbonate, Na[tex]_2[/tex]CO[tex]_3[/tex] has a mass of 4.31 g before heating. After heating, the mass of the anhydrous compound is found to be 3.22 g.  Therefore, The mass of water in the original sample is 1.09g.

Sodium carbonate is an inorganic compound with the formula Na[tex]_2[/tex]CO[tex]_3[/tex], where x may range from 0 and 10. All forms are water-soluble, white, unscented salts that generate alkaline water solutions. It was historically made first from ash of plants grown in sodium-rich soil.

Before heating, a hydrates of sodium carbonate, Na[tex]_2[/tex]CO[tex]_3[/tex], does have a mass of 4.31 g. The weight of the anhydrous salt after heating is determined to be 3.22 g. The original sample contains 4.31-3.22 =1.09g of water.

Therefore, the mass of water in the original sample is 1.09g.

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The final product is 1-butanol.

The given reaction is the addition of a Grignard reagent, CH₃CH₂MgBr, to a carbonyl compound.

The mechanism for the reaction is a nucleophilic addition. The mechanism can be broken down into three main steps:

Step 1: Nucleophilic attack

The carbon atom in the carbonyl group has a partial positive charge, making it an electrophile. The carbon atom in the Grignard reagent has a partial negative charge, making it a nucleophile. The nucleophilic carbon attacks the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group, forming a tetrahedral intermediate.

             H

             |

  H₃C     C      O

             |

             CH₃

               -

               |

        CH₃CH₂MgBr

Step 2: Protonation

The tetrahedral intermediate is unstable and collapses. In this step, an acid, such as H₃O⁺, protonates the oxygen atom, which forms an alcohol.

             H

             |

  H₃C     C      OH

             |

             CH₃

               -

               |

        CH3CH2MgBr + H3O+

Step 3: Deprotonation

In the final step, a base, such as water, removes a proton from the protonated alcohol to form the final product, which is a neutral alcohol.

             H

             |

  H₃C     C      OH

             |

             CH₃

                  |

                  H

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The full  name of the compound B₂F₂ is diboron difluoride as it has 2 boron and fluorine atoms.

Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.

Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:

1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.

3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds

4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.

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1,3 diiodo propane is formed when oxetane is heated at reflux.

Reflux is defined as the process which involves heating the chemical reaction for a specific amount of time, while continually cooling the vapor produced back into liquid form, using a condenser. The vapors that are produced above the reaction continually undergo condensation, returning to the flask as a condensate.

Oxetane is a stable carbon compound which shows characteristic properties when reacted with conc. acids. When oxetane reacts with HI it gets reduced to form 1,3 diiodo propane which is also an organic compound.

Therefore, when oxetane is heated in excess amount of concentrated HI, the product formed is 1,3 diiodo propane.

The reaction is given in the image attached below.

The given question is incomplete and the completed question is given below.

Draw the structural formula(s) for the organic product(s) formed when the following compound (OXETANE) is heated at reflux in an excess of concentrated (HI) .

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The birth outcomes are possible as a result of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is the correct option is e) All of the above.

The birth outcomes that are possible as the  result of the  prenatal exposure to the  airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are :

a) Reduced birth length

b) Reduced birth weight

c) Smaller head circumference

d) Shortened gestation

The Prenatal exposure to the PAHs has been connected with the  ADHD that is the  symptoms of the anxiety, the depression and the inattention, and also the behavioral disorders, that are all thought to the related to the deficits in the self - regulation.

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This question is incomplete, the complete question is :

which of the following birth outcomes are possible as a result of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)? select all that are true.

a) Reduced birth length

b) Reduced birth weight

c) Smaller head circumference

d) Shortened gestation

e) All of the above

When LiCl dissolves in water, the Li+ and Cl- ions become hydrated by water molecules, and these hydration interactions are the main contributors to the dissolution process being exothermic.

Specifically, the exothermicity arises due to the attractive electrostatic interactions between the ions and water molecules, which release energy as heat when the ions become surrounded by the solvent molecules.

In addition, the water molecules also form hydrogen bonds with each other and with the ions, further stabilizing the hydrated complex and contributing to the overall exothermicity of the process.

Therefore, the dissolution of LiCl in water is exothermic due to the particle-particle interactions between the ions and water molecules, including electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.

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5m is the amplitude of Wave A.

What is amplitude ?

A wave's amplitude is the separation between its starting point and its maximum displacement. Frequency is the quantity of waves traveling by a certain place each second. Period is the amount of time it takes for one wave cycle to finish.

What is wave ?

An energy-conducting disturbance in a medium known as a wave is one that does not involve any net particle motion. It could manifest as elasto-deformation, a shift in pressure, electric or magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature.

Therefore, 5m is the amplitude of Wave A.

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Answer:

8?

Explanation:

The chlorophyll in the leaves of a plant traps the energy in sunlight as the sunlight strikes the leaves. option B is the correct answer.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in chloroplasts within plant cells, and it is responsible for absorbing light energy and using it to power the process of photosynthesis. The other options listed (roots, stem, stomata) are important parts of a plant, but they do not directly trap energy from sunlight.

Chlorophyll helps in trapping solar radiation. It helps in the absorption and assimilation of minerals from the soil. It helps in the synthesis of carbohydrates that serves as food for the entire plant.

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Answer:b

Explanation:

54.58g of Medicine would be usual dose for a 18 month old weighing 19 pounds.

Here, given that usual dose  for children of use between 6 month to 2 year  fever, is 5 mg per kg body weight.

1 kg body weight require 5 mg dose of medicine. and are have to find out how much dose of medicine

Required for 18 month children whose weighing is 24 pounds.

So, first are convert all the data in milligram because answer is required in mg. we know that

1 pound = 0.454K2

1 kg= 100 mg

.: 24 pounds = 24X0. 454 x 100 mg

[ 1 pound = 0.454 K2 then 24 pound = 24×0.454k2. and 24x0.454g = 24×0.454 × 100 mg

Now, 10 mg body weight remise dose is 5 mg then 24x054xlos my body.

required dose of children of 18 month and weighing is 24X0.454x100 mg is = 24x0.454x100 x 5 106 = 54.48 mg.

Answer: 54.48 mg.

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For principal quantum number n = 1, l = 0 and m = 0.

For n = 2, l= 0, 1 and m = -1,0,1.

For n = 3, l = 0,1,2 and m = -2,-1,0,1,2

The magnetic quantum number (m) is one of the four quantum numbers used to describe the unique state of an electron in an atom. It goes from -l to +l.

a. For n=1 and l=0, the only allowable magnetic quantum number is 0.

b. For n=2 and l=0, the only allowable magnetic quantum number is 0.

c. For n=2 and l=1, the allowable magnetic quantum numbers are -1, 0, and 1.

d. For n=3 and l=0, the only allowable magnetic quantum number is 0.

e. For n=3 and l=1, the allowable magnetic quantum numbers are -1, 0, and 1.

f. For n=3 and l=2, the allowable magnetic quantum numbers are -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2.

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--The complete question is, Enter all allowable magnetic quantum numbers for each of the principal and angular momentum quantum number combinations given below.

a. n= 1, l =0

b. n =2 , l = 0

c. n =2, l =1

d. n =3, l =0

e. n =3, l =1

f. n =3, l =2--

bonds are the only primary bonds that are directionally dependent. Materials whose constituent particles are bound by bonding are generally expected to have the lowest melting temperatures

The correct options to fill in the blanks are is a)covalent bond.

• Bonding is similar to covalent bonding, except there are no high-electronegativity atoms present to accept any electrons that the present atoms are willing to donate.

• Covalent bonds are responsible for binding atoms together within a molecule of propane, whereas van der Waals bonds bind separate propane molecules together in a condensed state (liquid or crystal).

• Covalent bonds are the only primary bonds that are directionally dependent.

• Materials whose constituent particles are bound by metallic bonding are generally expected to have the lowest melting temperatures.

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The diagram B  represents electromagnetic energy with the longest wavelength.

What is wavelength ?

The Greek letter lambda (λ), which represents wavelength, is frequently used. When describing modulated waves, their sinusoidal envelopes, or waves created by the interference of several sinusoids, the term wavelength is also occasionally used.

What is electromagnetic energy ?

Radiant energy called electromagnetic energy moves in waves at the speed of light. It can also be referred to as radiant energy, light, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic radiation, or the motion of electromagnetic waves. Heat can be transferred through electromagnetic radiation.

Therefore, The diagram B  represents electromagnetic energy with the longest wavelength.

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The percent error to 2 significant figures is 11%.

What is Titration?

Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by reacting it with a standard solution of known concentration. The process involves adding the standard solution to the solution of unknown concentration until the reaction is complete, at which point the amount of standard solution needed to reach the endpoint is used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution.

The relationship between pKa and Ka is given by:

pKa = -log(Ka)

Rearranging this equation, we get:

Ka = 10^(-pKa)

Substituting the given value of pKa = 4.06, we get:

Ka = 10^(-4.06) = 7.01 x 10^(-5)

The experimental Ka for benzoic acid is 7.01 x 10^(-5).

To calculate the percent error, we use the formula:

percent error = (|experimental value - accepted value| / accepted value) x 100%

Substituting the given values, we get:

percent error = (|7.01 x 10^(-5) - 6.3 x 10^(-5)| / 6.3 x 10^(-5)) x 100%

percent error = 11.19%

The percent error to 2 significant figures is 11%.

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The solution becomes clear, the enzyme is denatured, and the structure of phenolphthalein is changed.

When the reaction buffer is raised to an extremely high pH, the enzyme is denatured, the solution turns clear, and the structure of the phenolphthalein in the reaction tube is altered.

When acidic or basic compounds are added, a substance is said to be a buffer if it can resist the pH change. It may neutralise minor quantities of acid or base, essentially maintaining the solution's pH. For processes and/or reactions that require a certain and constant pH, this is essential.

These tubes provide the optimum environment for small-scale biological response or suspension culture research that need for aseptic conditions with gas exchange.

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Answer:

The balanced equation is

2NaCl + F2 ---> 2NaF + Cl2

A)17,300 L liters of CH3OH (FM 32.04, density = 0.791 g/mL) are required by Reaction 1 for 2.9 million liters of aquarium water.

B)192L liters of CH3OH are required by the net reaction for 2.9 million liters of aquarium water with a nitrate concentration of 8 100 uM.

C)The total volume of methanol required to denitrify 2.9 million liters of aquarium water is 22,496 L.

(a) To calculate the amount of CH3OH required for Reaction 1, we need to first determine the amount of O2 in 2.9 million liters of aquarium water.

Concentration of O2 in seawater = 220 mM

Volume of aquarium water = 2.9 million L

Amount of O2 in aquarium water = concentration x volume = 220 mM x 2.9 million L = 6.38 x 10^8 mmol

From the balanced chemical equation for Reaction 1, we see that 3 moles of O2 react with 2 moles of CH3OH. Therefore, the number of moles of CH3OH required is:

(2/3) x (6.38 x 10^8 mmol O2) = 4.25 x 10^8 mmol CH3OH

To convert this to volume, we need to use the density of CH3OH:

density = 0.791 g/mL

molar mass of CH3OH = 32.04 g/mol

volume of CH3OH = (4.25 x 10^8 mmol) x (32.04 g/mol) / (0.791 g/mL) = 1.73 x 10^7 mL = 17,300 L

(b) The net reaction for denitrification is:

5NO3- + CH3OH + 4H+ → N2 + 3CO2 + 7H2O

From the balanced chemical equation, we see that 1 mole of CH3OH is required for every 5 moles of NO3-. The concentration of nitrate in the aquarium water is 8,100 uM, which is equivalent to 8.1 mM.

Number of moles of nitrate in aquarium water = concentration x volume = 8.1 mM x 2.9 million L = 2.35 x 10^7 mmol

Number of moles of CH3OH required = (1/5) x (2.35 x 10^7 mmol) = 4.7 x 10^6 mmol

To convert this to volume, we use the same calculation as in part (a):

volume of CH3OH = (4.7 x 10^6 mmol) x (32.04 g/mol) / (0.791 g/mL) = 1.92 x 10^5 mL = 192 L

(c) The bacteria require 30% more methanol for their own growth, which means we need to add an additional 30% of the methanol required for Reactions 1-3.

Total volume of methanol required = volume from part (a) + volume from part (b) + 0.3 x (volume from part (b))

Total volume of methanol required = 17,300 L + 192 L + 0.3 x 192 L = 22,496 L

Therefore, the total volume of methanol required to denitrify 2.9 million liters of aquarium water is 22,496 L.

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The number of moles is 0.06 moles while the mass is 6.66 g

The mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a substance. One mole of a substance is defined as the amount of that substance that contains as many entities, such as atoms, molecules, or ions, as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12, which is a common isotope of carbon.

Number of moles = 1.2 * 0.05

= 0.06 moles

Mass of the CaCl2 =  0.06 moles * 111 g

= 6.66 g

The mole is used to make it easier to compare the amounts of different substances in chemical reactions, and to calculate the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product.

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The balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is given as,

Fe₂S₃ + 6HCl → 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂S

A balanced chemical equation is defined as an equation where the number of atoms of each type in the reaction is the same on both reactants and product sides. Generally, the mass, as well as the change, are equal in a balanced chemical equation.

Basically chemical equation is said to be unbalanced if the number of atoms of each element on the left-hand side is not equal to the number of atoms present on the right-hand side. The balanced chemical equation remains always in accordance with the Law of Conservation of Mass.

The coefficient of the HCl is 6.

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36.47% of the mass of iron (II) sulfide is sulfur. If 87.91 g of iron sulfide is produced by reacting iron with sulfur, the amount of iron that was reacted is 87.91 g Fe(II) sulfur multiplied by 63.53% Fe (II) equals 55.85 g Fe (II)

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molar mass of KNO3 = 39.1 g/mol (K) + 14.0 g/mol (N) + 3x16.0 g/mol (O)

                                  = 101.1 g/mol

moles of KNO3 = 70.5 g / 101.1 g/mol

                          = 0.697 mol

mass of solution = mass of KNO3 + mass of water

                            = 70.5 g + (1.97 L x 1.05 g/mL)

                              = 70.5 g + 2.067 g = 72.567 g

volume of solution = 72.567 g / 1.05 g/mL

                               = 69.105 L

Molarity = 0.697 mol / 69.105 L

             = 0.0101 M

mass of solvent = mass of solution - mass of solute = 72.567 g - 70.5 g

                              = 2.067 g

mass of solvent = 2.067 g / 1000 g/kg

                           = 0.002067 kg

Molality = 0.697 mol / 0.002067 kg

                = 337.2 mol/kg

Mass percent = (70.5 g / 72.567 g) x 100%

                        = 97.16%

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Answer:

Explanation:

A, B, D  not C.  It takes place in the leaves

The products of the reaction are  PbSO4(s) + KNO3(aq)

A precipitate is a solid that forms and separates out of a solution as the result of a chemical reaction. Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions containing ions are mixed together and the resulting mixture is no longer able to hold the ions in solution, causing them to form an insoluble solid.

In order to predict whether a precipitate will form or not, the solubility rules can be used to determine if a compound is soluble or insoluble in a particular solution. If the resulting compound is insoluble, a precipitate will form.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The number of electrons that can have a specific set of quantum numbers in an atom is determined by the following formula:

2(2ℓ + 1)

where ℓ is the azimuthal quantum number.

So, for n = 8 and ℓ = 2, the number of electrons that can have these quantum numbers is given by:

2(2 * 2 + 1) = 2 * 5 = 10

Therefore, 10 electrons in an atom can have the quantum numbers n = 8 and ℓ = 2.

Answer:

Explanation:

water, carbon dioxide and energy (sunlight)