The instantaneous velocity of the car at t = 5.0 s is -3 m/s. The negative sign indicates that the car is moving in the opposite direction from the traffic light at that moment.
What is instantaneous velocity ?Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an object at a specific point in time. It is the rate of change of the object's position at that particular moment, and it is represented by the derivative of the object's position with respect to time. Instantaneous velocity is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. It can be determined by taking the limit of the average velocity as the time interval approaches zero. It is also the limit of the average acceleration when the time interval approaches zero.
This can be found by taking the derivative of the equation [tex]x(t) = bt2 − ct3[/tex]with respect to t. The derivative of this equation is [tex]v(t) = 2bt - 3ct^2.[/tex]Plugging in the given values of b and c, and evaluating the equation at t=5.0s gives the instantaneous velocity of the car.
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The force F acts along line MA, where M is the midpoint of the radius along the x-axis. Determine the equivalent force-couple system at O if theta = 40 degrees
The opposing force that keeps an object from sliding downward or moving upward is called friction force. The object is prevented from moving in this experiment by the effects of gravity.
What three types of gravity are there?Gravity only comes in one variety. In nature, there is only one form of gravity. According to their masses and the separation between their centers, there is only one kind of gravitational pull that draws the two bodies together. Gravity is the weakest power known to exist in nature and is a form of central force.
What makes gravity a force?But in a wider sense, gravity is a force because it represents the interplay that happens when two masses are in close proximity to one another. the gravitational pull is.
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Unscramble the terms in italics to complete the sentences below. Write the terms on the lines provided. 5. In dry regions where sheep and cattle eat the grasses, reggianvorz increases soil erosion.
The term which describes the increased soil erosion in the regions where sheep and cattle eat the grasses and reggianvorz is called overgrazing.
What is overgrazing ?Overgrazing happens when livestock and other grazers (such as wildlife) consume more plant biomass than the vegetation can replenish in a reasonable amount of time, exposing the soil and lowering the vegetation's potential for production.
The exposure of the soil might hasten the potential for processes of water and wind erosion, which can result in soil losses. Less water infiltration into the soil might result in slower plant growth due to accelerated erosion processes and soil compaction caused by grazing animals.
Because less plant biomass is accessible as litter due to ongoing overgrazing, less soil organic matter, nutrients, and biotic activity are added to the soil. This causes the soil structure to deteriorate, which lowers the soil's capacity to store water and raises the risk of erosion.
Therefore, the term describing the given action is overgrazing.
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What is the current flowing through this circuit?
A) 1.3 A
B) 0.15 A
C) 15 A
D) 6.7 A
Answer:
6.7A
Explanation:
Firstly find out the net resistance,
in parallel combination of resistors,
R = R1 * R2 / R1 + R2
R = 6*2/6+2 Ω
R = 12/8Ω
R = 1.5 Ω
Now use Ohm's law,
v = iR
10 = i * 1.5
i = 10/1.5 A
i = 6.7 A
If the acceleration of an object is always directed perpendicular to its velocity, which of the following is true _____.a. this situation would not be physically possibleb. the object is slowing downc. the object is speeding upd. the object is turning
If the acceleration of an object is always directed perpendicular to its velocity, then the statement (the object is turning) is true due to the fact that the velocity vector of the object is always heading in a different direction.
The moving object is being accelerated in the direction of the center of rotation due to a centripetal force acting in that direction.
According to Newton's laws of motion, the path that the object would take if it did not experience this acceleration is a straight line.
An object's acceleration can be defined as the rate at which its velocity changes in relation to the passage of time. Accelerations are vector quantities. The orientation of the net force that is acting on an item is what determines the orientation of the acceleration the object is experiencing.
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a scooter starts from rest and move's with a constant acceleration of 1 .2 metres squared determine the velocity, after it has traveled for 60 meters
It is possible to write - v = u + at, v = 0 +1.2 x 60, v = 72 m/s by using the first motion equation.
How do velocity and speed differ?Velocity is the pace and direction of such an item's movement, whereas pace is the time rate which an entity is travelling along a route.
A first equation of movement is given by Ms. Reitman's scooter velocity,
which accelerates at a rate of 1.2 m/s2 from rest.
The formula is: [a] = 2 m/s2 [t] = 60 s.
Thus, It is possible to write - v = u + at, v = 0 +1.2 x 60, v = 72 m/s by using the first motion equation.
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runner traveling at 8 m/s begins to slow down by accelerating at --1 m/s2 for 4 seconds. without the acceleration the runner would have ran
Without acceleration, the distance is 32 m, and with acceleration, the distance is 24 m shorter.
Explain what acceleration is.The direction of the motion is shifting, therefore an object moving at a constant speed in a circular path is still moving forward.
Describe the acceleration law.Newton's Second Law of Motion states that when a force is applied to a material, the mass accelerated (gains speed) (object). Riding a bicycle is a great example of how this movement law is put to use. The bulk is made up by your bicycle. Your leg muscles produce the force as they push against with the bicycle's pedals.
Initial speed v = 8 m/s
acceleration a = -1 m/s²
t = 4 sec.
distance d = v * t
= 8 m/s * 4 sec.
d = 32 m
distance with acceleration,
d' = vt + 1/2 at²
d' = 8 m/s * 4s + 1/2 * (-1 m/s²) (4s)
d' = 24 m
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What is the net force (in N) of a 3.00 N force and an 8.00 N force acting on an object for each of the following conditions?
b) The forces act in the same direction.
What is the potential energy of a 5.0 kg object located 3 m above the ground?
Answer:
147 J
Explanation:
PE = mgh = (5.0 kg)(9.8 m/s²)(3 m) = 147 J
With an average acceleration of -5.6m/s2, how long will it take a driver to bring a truck with an initial speed of 10.3 m/s to a complete stop?
The number of miles that it will take a driver to bring a truck with an initial speed of 10.3 m/s to a complete stop will be 9.47 meters.
What is the motion in one dimension?One dimension denotes mobility in a single direction or in a straight line. Think of a vehicle travelling down a straight road or a person walking on a straight track. Imagine throwing something vertically into the air, then observing it fall.
With an average acceleration of -5.6 m/s². And the initial speed of 10.3 m/s to a complete stop. Then distance is given as,
v² - u² = 2as
0² - (10.3)² = 2 x (-5.6) x d
- 106.09 = -11.2d
d = 9.47 meters
The number of miles is 9.47 meters.
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1.If you looked back at Earth from the moon, what phase would Earth have when the moon was full? New? First quarter? Waxing crescent?
The phase that the Earth would have when the Moon was full if we looked from the moon would be new phase.
The Moon and Earth are both always partially lit by the Sun. However, from either world, you can see varied portions of that lighted half - or different phases of the Earth or moon - at any given time. The phases usually follow a pattern in which they are inverted relative or reversed to one another.
Any moon resident would see a narrow crescent Earth when the moon is nearly full. The moon, Earth, and sun form a line with Earth in the middle when we observe a full moon. The Earth would then be completely obscured by the sun's brightness, making it invisible to those on the moon. Therefore, the phase that the Earth would have looked from the Moon would be the new phase because the opposite of a full moon phase is a new moon.
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A car traveling at 20 m/s reaches 60 m/s in 4 seconds traveling in a straight line. The car has an average acceleration of _______ m/s2.
The car has an average acceleration of 10 m/s²
The rate at which the velocity changes over time is referred to as the average acceleration. To determine the average acceleration, we take the change in velocity and divide it by the amount of time that has passed. Average acceleration is calculated by the following formula:
Δv ÷ Δt
where:
Δv = the change in velocity
= 60 m/s - 20 m/s
= 40 m/s
Δt = the total time over the velocity is changing
= 4 seconds
Thus, the average acceleration of the car would be:
Average acceleration = 40 m/s ÷ 4 s
= 10 m/s²
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A 10,000-kg rocket blasts off from earth with a uniform upward acceleration of 2.00 m/s2 and feelsno air resistance. The upward thrust force its engines must provide during this acceleration is closest toA) 20,000 N.B) 980,000 N.C) 118,000 N.D) 78,000 N.
The upward thrust force of rocket engines must provide is 118,000 N (C)
At the precise moment of launch, the force pushing upwards and the weight acting downwards are the two forces that are acting on rockets. At the surface of the Earth, the force exerted by gravity is referred to as weight, and it may be determined by multiplying the mass in kilograms by 9.8 m/s². The upward thrust force can be calculated by this following formula:
F = m × (a +g)
Where:
F = the upward thrust force
m = the mass of the object
= 10,000 kg
g = the acceleration due to gravity
= 9.8 m/s²
a = the uniform upward acceleration
= 2 m/s²
Thus, the upward thrust force of rocket engines must provide is
F = 10,000 × (2 + 9.8)
= 118,000 Newton
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Two protons are moving directly toward one another. When they are very far apart, their initial speeds are 2.00x10^4 m/s. What is the distance of closest approach?
The distance of closest approach is 6.9 x 10⁻¹⁰ m.
What is the distance of closest approach?
The distance of closest approach between two protons can be determined using the law of conservation of energy.
Since the protons are moving directly toward one another, the total energy of the system is the sum of their kinetic energy and their potential energy.
rf = ( kq² ) / (1/2mv²)
where;
k is coulomb's constantq is the charge of the protonv is the speed of the protonrf = ( 9 x 10⁹ x (1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹)² ) / (0.5 x 1.67 x 10⁻²⁷ x ( 2 x 10⁴)²)
rf = 6.9 x 10⁻¹⁰ m
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Find the area of a parallelogram defined by the vector A(6,3,1)m and B(-2,4,5)
The area of the parallelogram is 40.60m^2.
What is the area of the parallelogram?Generally, To find the area of a parallelogram defined by two vectors, we can use the formula
A = |A x B|,
where
A and B are the two vectors.
A x B = (3*5 - 4*1, 6*5 - (-2)*1, 6*4 - (-2)*3)
= (17, 28, 24)
|A x B| = √(17² + 28² + 24²)
= 40.60m2
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The activation energy, Ea, for a particular reaction is 37.8 kJ/mol. If the rate constant at 280 K is 0.178 M/s, what is the value of the rate constant at 457 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol K)
The value of the rate constant at 457 K is 0.478 M/s.
The rate constant, k, at a given temperature can be related to the activation energy, Ea, and the gas constant, R, through the Arrhenius equation:
[tex]k = Ae^{(-Ea/RT)}[/tex]
where A is the pre-exponential factor and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Given k1 = 0.178 M/s at T1 = 280 K, and Ea = 37.8 kJ/mol, we can calculate the rate constant, k2, at T2 = 457 K as:
k2 = A * [tex]e^{(-Ea/R * T2)}[/tex] = 0.178 * [tex]e^{(-37.8 kJ/mol / (8.314 J/mol K) * 457 K)}[/tex] = 0.478 M/s.
This means that the reaction will proceed faster at 457 K than it does at 280 K, due to the increase in temperature leading to an increase in the rate constant, k.
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What is the peak wavelength of light coming from a star with a temperature of 5300 K?
(Submit your answer in nanometers. Remember 1nm = 10-9 m)
The peak wavelength of light coming from a star with a temperature of 5300 K is 2.0 x 10⁻⁷ m.
What is wavelength?Wavelength is a measure of the distance between two consecutive wave crests or troughs and is usually defined as the length of one full cycle of a wave. Wavelengths are typically measured in meters, centimeters, or nanometers (10-9 meters). Wavelength is inversely related to frequency, meaning that higher frequency waves have shorter wavelengths.
The wavelength of each energy level can be calculated using the equation λ = hc/E, where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and E is the energy level in electron volts. Using this equation, the four wavelengths of the emission spectrum are calculated as follows:
0.0 eV = 0.0 m, 1.5 eV
= 8.0 x 10⁻⁷ m, 3.0 eV
= 4.0 x 10⁻⁷ m
and 6.0 eV =
2.0 x 10⁻⁷ m.
Thus, the peak wavelength of light coming from a star with a temperature of 5300 K is 2.0 x 10⁻⁷ m.
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Oil having a density of 930 kg/m^3 floats on water. A rectangular block of wood 4.17 cm high and with a density of 975 kg/m3 floats partly in the oil and partly in the water. The oil completely covers the block. How far below the interface between the two liquids is the bottom of the block?
Answer: 0.0268 m
Explanation:
Draw a free body diagram of the block. There are three forces: weight force mg pulling down, buoyancy of the oil B₁ pushing up, and buoyancy of the water B₂ pushing up.
Sum of forces in the y direction:
∑F = ma
B₁ + B₂ − mg = 0
ρ₁V₁g + ρ₂V₂g − mg = 0
ρ₁V₁ + ρ₂V₂ = m
ρ₁V₁ + ρ₂V₂ = ρV
ρ₁Ah₁ + ρ₂Ah₂ = ρAh
ρ₁h₁ + ρ₂h₂ = ρh
(930 kg/m³)h₁ + (1000 kg/m³)h₂ = (968 kg/m³) (4.93 cm)
Since the block is fully submerged, h₁ + h₂ = 4.93 cm.
(930 kg/m³) (4.93 cm − h₂) + (1000 kg/m³)h₂ = (968 kg/m³) (4.93 cm)
h₂ = 2.68 cm
h₂ = 0.0268 m
As a result of the magnetic interaction between the soft iron and the bar magnet, which of the following will occur? Choose the correct answera) The magnet will experience a torque due to the iron attracting its north pole.
b) The magnet will experience a torque due to the iron attracting its south pole.
c) Whichever pole of the magnet is closest to the iron will be attracted to the iron.
d) Whichever pole of the magnet is closest to the iron will be repelled from the iron.
As a result of the magnetic interaction between the soft iron and the bar magnet, whichever pole of the magnet is closest to the iron will be attracted to the iron (option C)
A current-carrying solenoid creates its own magnetic field both inside and outside the solenoid when current is applied. The strength of the magnetic field inside the solenoid is increased when a soft iron bar or core is inserted because it magnetizes the iron bar.
The magnetic domains (small dipoles) present in the soft iron are aligned by the magnetic field of the bar magnet to produce the forces in this situation. It is possible to think of these domains as tiny perpetual current loops, and their propensity to align is known as permeability. The dipoles will be aligned to attract the pole of the bar magnet that is closest, and whichever pole of the bar magnet is nearest will dominate this alignment.
The question is incomplete, it should be:
A bar magnet oriented along the y axis can rotate about an axis parallel to the z axis. Its north pole initially points along j. Now the charge is replaced by an electrically neutral piece of initially unmagnetized soft iron (for example, a nail) that is not moving.
As a result of the magnetic interaction between the soft iron and the bar magnet, what will happen to the magnet?
Whichever pole of the magnet is closest to the iron will be attracted to the iron.
Choose the correct answer
a) The magnet will experience a torque due to the iron attracting its north pole.
b) The magnet will experience a torque due to the iron attracting its south pole.
c) Whichever pole of the magnet is closest to the iron will be attracted to the iron.
d) Whichever pole of the magnet is closest to the iron will be repelled from the iron.
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convert the displacement amplitude, 2.58 mils peak-to-peak at 900 CPM to the equivalent velocity amplitude in inches per second-peak?
According to the problem the Velocity amplitude (in/s-peak) is 1.827 in/s-peak.
What is Velocity amplitude?Velocity amplitude is the maximum speed at which a particle or object is traveling in a specific direction. It is a measure of the strength of the motion expressed in terms of the magnitude of the velocity. It can be determined by measuring the maximum value of the velocity vector over a given period of time. Velocity amplitude is an important concept in physics, as it allows for the calculation of the acceleration, momentum, and energy of a particle or object. It can also be used to determine the frequency of a periodic motion, such as the frequency of a wave or the frequency of oscillation.
The equation for converting displacement amplitude to velocity amplitude is:
Velocity amplitude (in/s-peak) = (2 x Displacement amplitude (mils-p-p)) / (π x Frequency (cpm))
Therefore, the velocity amplitude in inches per second-peak for a displacement amplitude of 2.58 mils peak-to-peak at 900 CPM is:
Velocity amplitude (in/s-peak) = (2 x 2.58 mils-p-p) / (π x 900 cpm)
Velocity amplitude (in/s-peak) = (5.16 mils-p-p) / (2,827.43 cpm)
Velocity amplitude (in/s-peak) = 1.827 in/s-peak
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a body of mass 10kg on a smooth inclined plane is connected over a smooth pulley to a mass of 15kg. acceleration of the system is?
The acceleration of the system is 4.9m/s² in the given pulley.
In a pulley, is acceleration equal?The most massive object will accelerate downhill and the least massive object will accelerate upward in a circumstance like this where two objects are strung above a pulley. Each object will experience the same amount of acceleration.
Acceleration has nothing to do with modifying the speed of an object. An object is not accelerating if its velocity remains unchanged. The data to the right show that an object moving towards the north does accelerate. The object's velocity is fluctuating over time.
In reality, the velocity changes by 10 m/s, or a constant amount, every second. An object is said to be moving faster or to have an acceleration whenever its velocity is changing.
ma = mg × sin30
a = g × sin30
a = 9.8 × sin30
a = 4.9m/s²
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Find the principal stresses and corresponding principal directions for the stresses given in Problem 2.6. Check the result with other methods such as Mohr's circle.
The principal stresses and corresponding principal directions for the stresses in a problem can be found using various methods, one of which is Mohr's circle.
What is Mohr's circle?
Mohr's circle is a graphical representation of a two-dimensional stress state. Given the stress tensor components, the Mohr's circle can be used to visualize and determine the maximum and minimum normal stresses (i.e., the principal stresses) and the orientation of the planes on which they act (i.e., the principal directions).
It is important to note that finding the principal stresses and directions requires a thorough understanding of stress analysis, including stress transformation and the use of Mohr's circle. If you have access to the full problem statement, I would be happy to help you work through the solution.
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The oxygen molecule (O2) may be regarded as two masses connected by a spring. In vibrational motion, each oxygen atom alternately approaches, then moves away from the center of mass of the system. If each oxygen atom of mass m = 2.67 ´ 10-26 kg has a vibrational energy of 1.6 ´ 10-21 J and the effective spring constant is 50 N/m, then what is the amplitude of oscillation of each oxygen atom?
Answer:
2.5 × 10^-11 m
Explanation:
The amplitude of oscillation for a simple harmonic oscillator is given by the equation:
A = √(2E / k), where E is the vibrational energy of each oxygen atom and k is the effective spring constant.
Substituting the given values:
A = √(2 * 1.6 × 10^-21 J / 50 N/m)
A = √(3.2 × 10^-21 J / 50 N/m)
A = √(6.4 × 10^-23 m^2 kg / s^2)
A = 2.5 × 10^-11 m
An electron is released from rest in a uniform electric field. Determine whether the following quantities increase, decrease, or remain unchanged as the electron moves. Indicate your answers with I (increase), D (decrease), or U (unchanged), respectively.a) The electric potential at the electron's locationb) The electron's associated electric potential energyc) Its kinetic energyd) Its total energy
As the electron moves in a uniform electric field, the following changes occur:
a) The electric potential at the electron's location decreases
b) The electron's associated electric potential energy decreases
c) Its kinetic energy increases
d) Its total energy remains unchanged.
This is because the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the electron moves from a higher potential location to a lower one. The total energy remains constant, as energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
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Based on the data Thomson collected in his experiments using cathode rays, the concept of atomic structure was modified. Which of the following statements about the atomic structure were validated by his cathode ray experiments?A. Cathode rays have mass.B. articles of the cathode rays are fundamental to all matter.C. Matter contains negative charge and by inference positive charge.D. There are subatomic size particles in an atom.
Based on the data Thomson collected in his experiments using cathode rays, the following statements about the atomic structure were validated:
A. Cathode rays have mass; B. Particles of the cathode rays are fundamental to all matter; C. Matter contains negative charge and by inference positive charge; and D. There are subatomic size particles in an atom.Thomson Data is a division of Thomson Reuters, a global provider of data and analytics solutions for professionals in the financial and risk, legal, tax and accounting, and media markets.
It provides access to a wide range of data sources and solutions including company data, market data, reference data, news and content, and financial services data. Thomson Data's services are used by businesses, investors, and other professionals to gain insights into the markets and make informed decisions. The company's solutions are designed to help organizations access, curate, and analyze data in order to drive better business outcomes.
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A 6. 96-nc charge is located 1. 90 m from a 3. 86-nc point charge. Find the magnitude of the electrostatic force that one charge exerts on the other.
The required electrostatic force when the charges and distance are specified is calculated to be 66.98 × 10⁻⁹ N.
The charge q₁ is given as 6.96 nC.
The charge q₂ is given as 3.86 nC.
Distance r = 1.9 m
The magnitude of the electrostatic force that one charge exerts on the other is to be found out. The force between two charges at a distance is given by the formula,
F = k q₁ q₂/r² = (9 × 10⁹ × 6.96 × 10⁻⁹ × 3.86× 10⁻⁹)/1.9² = 66.98 × 10⁻⁹ N
Thus, the required electrostatic force is calculated to be 66.98 × 10⁻⁹ N.
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A DC circuit with is driven by 12 volt supply and a DC load of 200 Ohms. Calculate I (Amps) and P (Watts). a. 720 A,60 W b. 2.4 mA,28.8 mW c. 60 mA,720 mW d. 12 A,200 W
A DC circuit with is driven by 12 volt supply and a DC load of 200 Ohms. 60 mA, 720 mW, so option (c) is correct.
What is circuit ?
A circuit is a closed circuit in which electrons can move. No electrons will move unless the circuit is complete, that is, it makes a complete circuit around the electrical source.
What is volt ?The volt is a unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and electromotive force in the metre-kilogram-second (SI) system. It is equal to the difference in potential between two conductor points carrying one ampere of current when there is a one-watt power loss between the points.
Voltage current x Resistance
V=IR
Putting the the given values in the above equations So,
12 = I x 200
Or
I = 12/200
I = 0.06A (here A stands for ampere which is unit of current) And we know that 1A = 10 mA (mA stands for milliampere} So
I = 0.06A = 0.06 x 10 mA = 60mA
I = 60mA [Answer]
Here we use the formula P = V x I, which is describe as follows. Power = Voltage x current
we put the values in the above equation
P = 12 x 60
P = 720mW [here mW is stands for milli watt which is unit of power} P=720mW [Answer]
Therefore, A DC circuit with is driven by 12 volt supply and a DC load of 200 Ohms. 60 mA, 720 mW, so option (c) is correct.
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A man pushes a lawn mower on a level lawn with a force of 211 N. If 50% of this force is directed forward, how much work is done by the man in pushing the mower 5.7 m?
You have learned how astronomers talk about huge astronomical distances. Based on what you learned, select all of the correct statements from the following list. a. The distances to stars are measured in light years. b. A light-year is larger than an astronomical unit.
c. Astronomers use the metric system for calculations.
The distances to stars are mainly measured in parsecs, a light-year is larger than an astronomical unit (AU), and for calculations, astronomers use the metric system. Therefore, B and C are the correct options.
The metric system refers to the international decimal system of measurement. Since it is used internationally, it is a good idea that scientists use the metric system as a standard system of measurement. Astronomy is a science, so astronomers do use the metric system, though they prefer units (such as astronomical units, light years, and parsecs) that describe very long distance since space is huge.
Astronomers use light years to measure the distances between stars. But to measure the distances (from Earth) to stars, astronomers prefer to use parsecs.
A light-year is much greater than an AU (astronomical unit). A light year is defined to be equal to 63,240 AU.
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An 85 L flexible container holds 3.4 moles of gas. How many moles of gas should be removed to decrease the volume of the container to 40 L?
1.8 moles of gas should be removed to decrease the volume of the container to 40 L
What is Avogadro's law?Avogadro's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles (or a number of particles) of gas when the temperature and pressure are held constant.
Given, An 85 L flexible container holds 3.4 moles of gas.
This problem requires Avogadro's law, which states that the amount (moles) of a gas is directly proportional to its volume, such that if the amount increases, the volume increases and vice versa. You correctly determined the formula to use:
V = k×n or. V₁n₁=V₂n₂.
Let "x" be the number of moles in a 40l container
85/40 = x/3.4
Thus,
x = 1.8
Therefore, 1.8 moles of gas should be removed to decrease the volume of the container to 40 L
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manually calculating the heat input or arc energy supplied to produce a weld is a method that can be used for which of the following? A.All of these
B. CC/CV
C. Pulse
D. AC (Alternating current)
Manually calculating the heat input or arc energy supplied to produce a weld is a method that can be used for CC/CV.
How do heat input and weld speed relate to one another?
As voltage, current, wire feed rate, or a combination of these, or all three, increase, more heat is applied to the weld metal. With an increase in welding speed, the heat input drops. As the heat input increases, the rate of cooling of the weldment reduces.
Before the process efficiency is taken into account, arc energy is the energy that the welding arc supplies to the workpiece. The following equation can be used to compute it: where: The voltage, expressed in volts, is V. I represents the used current in amperes.
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