(a) Calculate and plot J-V characteristic for a Si p-n junction diode with series resistance Rs=2.5 Ohms, diode ideal factor n=1.25, donor and acceptor concentrations 1e17 and T=250K. To calculate saturation current density use p-n junction saturation current equation with diffusion coefficient D and diffusion length L (check notes). To calculate D and L, use hole mobility u=300 cm^2/(V s) and lifetime t= 500 us. Use the required voltage range and step 0.01V. (b) What is forward bias voltage at 0.1 A/cm^2 current? (c) What is current density at 3 V reverse bias?

Answer: A yield sign

Explanation:

Answer:According to NEC 220.12,

“the floor area shall be calculated from outside dimensions of the buildings, dwelling unit, or other area involved.

The area should not include open porches, garages or unused or unfinished spaces not adaptable for future use”.

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Explanati

Based on the calculations, Vivian's Violins net operating income is equal to: D. $99,000.

Mathematically, the net operating income of an individual or business firm can be calculated by using this formula:

Net operating income = Contribution margin - Total fixed costs

Given the following data:

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

Net operating income = $184,000 - $85,000

Net operating income = $99,000.

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Answer: This a system of equations question. What you will do is make an equation comparing the two lengths then make another one as the sum of the lengths.  H1 will stand for hose 1 and H2 will stand for hose 2.

so our first equation is H1=4*(H2)-20. We know this because H1 is 20 less than 4 times H2.

After landing equipment, a hydraulic flexible hose has been removing the everlasting form of a hose because of stress is called a save you high strain from extruding the seal among the transferring and desk-bound parts.

Hydraulics is a mechanical characteristic that operates via the pressure of liquid pressure. In hydraulics-based totally structures, mechanical motion is produced with the aid of contained, pumped liquid, normally via hydraulic cylinders transferring pistons.

Hydraulic structures paintings through using pressurized fluid to energy an engine. these hydraulic presses position pressure on a small amount of fluid for you to generate a massive amount of power. Hydraulic structures are capable of shifting heavier loads in addition to offering greater force than mechanical, electrical, or pneumatic systems. The fluid energy gadget approach can without difficulty address a huge weight variety without having to use gears, pulleys, or heavy leavers.

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Modern aircraft are designed in a way that, when all seats are occupied and baggage is full, and all fuel tanks are full, the aircraft is overloaded.

Aircraft storage refers to all storage systems in an aircraft for human transportation and also to transport products among countries.

The aircraft storage system is well calculated to work is a maximum capacity in commercial fly lines.

In conclusion, modern aircraft are designed in a way that, when all seats are occupied and baggage is full, and all fuel tanks are full, the aircraft is overloaded.

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if a person were to hook up an ac voltage source to a resistor, the voltage drop across the resistor would be in phase with the current in the circuit and this is a true statement.

A resistor is known to be a form of a passive tool that does not create or consume power.

Note that it often changes electrical energy into heat and as such, if a person were to hook up an ac voltage source to a resistor, the voltage drop across the resistor would be in phase with the current in the circuit and this is a true statement.

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The capacitance is affected is that the capacitance increases because of the insertion of Teflon.

A capacitance is known to be a form of a device that is said to be used to save some measures of charges in any kind of an electrical circuit.

Note that the capacitor functions on the principle that the capacitance of a conductor is said to go up if an earthed conductor is  taken close to it.

Therefore, The capacitance is affected is that the capacitance increases because of the insertion of Teflon and so the teflon tends to widen the capacitance.

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When a system is in a deep vacuum, never energize the compressor. The correct option is a.

A deep vacuum is a system in which the boiling point of liquid lowers down and the temperature lowers for outgassing. They help in freeze drying, metallurgy, distillation, etc. It used 500 or less than 500 microns for deep vacuum.

Vacuum tubes, such as cathode ray tubes, and electron microscopes are made possible by the electronic resistivity of the vacuum. Torr is the unit used to measure vacuums.

Thus, the correct option is a. never energize the compressor.

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Answer:

Unit testing is a software development process in which the smallest testable parts of an application, called units, are individually and independently scrutinized for proper operation. This testing methodology is done during the development process by the software developers and sometimes QA staff. The main objective of unit testing is to isolate written code to test and determine if it works as intended.

Unit testing is an important step in the development process, because if done correctly, it can help detect early flaws in code which may be more difficult to find in later testing stages.

Unit testing is a component of test-driven development (TDD), a pragmatic methodology that takes a meticulous approach to building a product by means of continual testing and revision. This testing method is also the first level of software testing, which is performed before other testing methods such as integration testing. Unit tests are typically isolated to ensure a unit does not rely on any external code or functions. Testing can be done manually but is often automated. It might be helpful

Answer: True

Explanation:

Sales represent the income statement item used in verticla analyses in order to determine the cost contribution for each expense category (Option C).

In business, a vertical analysis represents a methodology used to examine financial statements that are ordered as specific points.

A vertical analysis analyzes numbers for only one period, conversely to the horizontal analyses that generally involve many different periods.

In conclusion, sales represent the income statement item used in verticla analyses in order to determine the cost contribution for each expense category (Option C).

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The maximum load that may be applied to a specimen with a cross-sectional area of 130 mm² is; 35535 N

We are told that for an alloy, the yield stress is 345-MPa and the elastic modulus (E) is 103-GPa.

Now, we want to find the maximum load that may be applied to a specimen with a cross-sectional area of 130-mm² without plastic deformation. Thus;

We are given the parameters;

Yield Stress; σ = 345 Mpa = 345 * 10⁶ Pa

Elastic Modulus; E = 103 GPa = 103 * 10⁹ Pa

Cross sectional Area; A = 130 mm² = 103 * 10⁻⁶ m²

Formula for stress without Plastic deformation is;

σ = F_max/Area

where;

σ is stress

F_max is maximum force

Area is Area

Thus making maximum force the subject of the formula gives;

F_max = σ * A

Plugging in the relevant values for stress and area gives us;

F_max = 345 * 10⁶ * 103 * 10⁻⁶

F_max = 35535 N

The maximum load that may be applied to a specimen with a cross-sectional area of 130 mm² is gotten to be 35535 N

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Using the formula of comfort condition it is possible to determine the safe operating speed on the highway.

In physics, we define angular deviation as the angle resulting from the deflection of light when reflected from a prism. A prism has the ability to separate white light into several other colors, which are reflected by the object.

The comfort condition formula is given by: [tex]L=2(\frac{NV^{3} }{C} )^{\frac{1}{2} }[/tex]

Where, L is the length of the vertical curve, N is the grade, V is the safe speed operation and assuming the standart value for C (0,6 m/s3) it is possible to calculate:

[tex]C = 0,6 m/s^{3} = 1,968 ft/s^{3}\\ N= N1 - N2 = 7,5-0 = 7,5% = 0,075[/tex]

Changing the values in the formula:

[tex]L=2(\frac{NV^{3} }{C}){\frac{1}{2} } \\300 = 2(\frac{0,075.V^{3} }{1,968})^{\frac{1}{2} } \\V = 83,89 ft/s[/tex]

So, the safe operating speed on the highway is 83,89 ft/s.

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The heat transferred to and the work produced by the steam during this process  is 13781.618 kJ/kg

The Net Change in Enthalpy will be:

= m ( h2 - h1 ) = 11.216 ( 1755.405 - 566.78 ) = 13331.618 kJ/kg

Work Done (Area Under PV curve) = 1/2 x (P1 + P2) x ( V1 - V2)

= 1/2 x ( 75 + 225) x (5 - 2)

W = 450 KJ

From the First Law of Thermodynamics, Q = U + W

So, Heat Transfer = Change in Internal Energy + Work Done

= 13331.618 + 450

Q = 13781.618 kJ/kg

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In the case above about manual transmission, the gears are engaged manually.

The Definition of the term manual transmission is regarded as a kind of a system where there is the changing gears in a manual way.

Hence, In the case above about manual transmission, the gears are engaged manually is correct.

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Answer:

Industrial users can select from numerous pump technologies for water supply and the handling of other liquid media. A particular favorite is the centrifugal pump. How do centrifugal pumps work? What different delivery principles are there? For which applications are centrifugal pumps especially well-suited?

Here we provide you an overview of the different types of centrifugal pumps. In addition, the operating principles are explained, and typical applications are listed also.

Explanation:

When converting liquid-level units to sensor output signal units, you should first convert the liquid-level units to engineering units.

The engineering units are the actual physical measurements of the liquid level, such as meters, feet, inches, or any other relevant unit of length or depth.

Once the liquid level is expressed in engineering units, you can then proceed with the conversion to the sensor output signal units, which typically involves scaling the engineering units to match the range and sensitivity of the sensor's output.

This ensures that the sensor provides an accurate and meaningful representation of the liquid level, making it easier to interpret and use the data for various applications.

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The advanced safety features that are now standard on 2023 Z are:

The above is the short name or nickname for the All New 2023 Nissan Z coupe Sports car.

The care also features Advanced driver assist and safety technology which relieves the driver's everyday workload, allowing you to focus on what matters most.

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The maximum height that the water can rise above the jet is; 35 m

How to find the height pressure of water?

The formula for pressure here is;

P = P₀ + ρgh

where;

P₀ is the pressure at the fluid's surface.

ρ is the density of the fluid. (density of water = 1000 kg/m³)

g is the acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s².

h is height of rise of fluid

Now, the pressure at water surface is zero because the pressure the atmosphere exerts on the water is equal to the pressure the water exerts on the atmosphere. Thus, P₀ = 0 Pa

We are given P = 350 kPa = 350000 Pa. Thus;

350000 = 0 + (1000 * 10 * h)

350000 = 10000h

h = 350000/10000

h = 35 meters

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Answer:

y-intercept = -2

Explanation:

The general structure of an equation in slope-intercept form is:

y = mx + b

In this formula, "m" represents the slope and "b" represents the y-intercept. Remember how the Point (-10, -6) contains one "x" value and one "y" value. Using these values in addition to the slope, you can plug them into the equation to find the y-intercept.

x = -10 (from point)

y = -6 (from point)

m = 2/5

y = mx + b                                            <----- Slope-intercept form

y = (2/5) x + b                                       <----- Plug 2/5 into "m"

-6 = (2/5)(-10) + b                                  <----- Plug in "x" and "y" values from point

-6 = -4 + b                                             <----- Multiply 2/5 and -10

-2 = b                                                    <----- Add 4 to both sides

Therefore, the value of the y-intercept is b = -2. The complete equation of the line is:

y = (2/5)x - 2

The maximum height that the water can rise above the jet is: 35 meters.

Given:

P = 350 kPa = 350000 Pa

We would use pressure(p)  formula to determine the maximum height that the water can rises above the jet by solving for h (height).

Using this formula

Pressure(P) = P₀ + ρgh

Where;

P₀ represent Pressure at the fluid's surface

ρ represent Density of the fluid = 1000 kg/m³

g represent acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s².

h represent height

Solving for h (height)

350000 = 0 + (1000 × 10 ×h)

350000 = 10000h

Divide both side by  10000h

h = 350000/10000

h = 35 meters

Therefore the maximum height that the water can rise above the jet is: 35 meters.

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Based on the positive-going zero crossing at 0° of the sine wave, the instantaneous value at 15° is 7.321V.

At 15°, the instantaneous value is:

= 20√2 x Sin(angle)

Solving gives:

=  20√2 x Sin(15°)

= 7.321V

At angel 33°, the instantaneous value is:

=  20√2 x Sin(angle)

=  20√2 x Sin(33)

= 15.405V

At angle 70°:

=  20√2 x Sin(angle)

=  20√2 x Sin(70)

= 26.579V

The full question is:

A certain sine wave has a positive-going zero crossing at 0° and an rms value of 20 V. Calculate its instantaneous value at each of the following angles: a. 15° b. 33° c. 70°

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Answer:

the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration is 31.657 hours

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

To determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve the given carbon concentration, we will be using the following equation:

(Cs - Cx) / (Cs - C0) = ERF( x / 2√Dt)

where Cs is Concentration of carbon at surface = 0.90

Cx is Concentration of carbon at distance x = 0.30 ; x in this case is 4 mm = ( 0.004 m )

C0 is Initial concentration of carbon = 0.10

ERF() = Error function at the given value

D = Diffusion of Carbon into steel

t = Time necessary to achieve given carbon concentration ,

so

(Cs - Cx) / (Cs - C0) = (0.9 - 0.3) / (0.9 - 0.1)

= 0.6 / 0.8

= 0.75

now, ERF(z) = 0.75; using ERF table, we can say;

Z ~ 0.81; which means ( x / 2√Dt) = 0.81

Now, Using the table of diffusion data

D = 5.35 × 10⁻¹¹ m²/sec at (1100°C) or 1373 K

now we calculate the carbonizing time by using the following equation;

z = (x/2√Dt)

t is carbonizing time

so we we substitute in our values

0.81 = ( 0.004 / 2 × √5.35 × 10⁻¹¹ × √t)

0.81 = 0.004 / 1.4628 × 10⁻⁵ × √t

0.81 × 1.4628 × 10⁻⁵ × √t = 0.004

1.184868 × 10⁻⁵ × √t = 0.004  

√t = 0.004 / 1.184868 × 10⁻⁵

√t = 337.5903

t = ( 337.5903)²  

t = 113967.21 seconds

we convert to hours

t = 113967.21 / 3600

t = 31.657 hours

Therefore, the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration is 31.657 hours

Answer: Non-programmable

Explanation:

A non-programmable solid-state relay is an electronic device that performs the same function as an electromechanical relay.

An SSR is an electrical switching device that turns on or off when an external voltage (AC or DC) is applied across its control terminals. They perform the same job as an electromechanical relay, but because they include no moving parts, they have a longer operational lifetime.

Solid-state relays are the semiconductor analogs of electromechanical relays and can thus control electrical loads. When energized, the solid-state relay is a fairly complex device with a simple purpose: to activate a single output load.

Therefore, a non-programmable solid-state relay is a type of electrical device that functions similarly to an electromechanical relay.

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Structural Safety Assessment and Traffic Control Strategies of Widened Highway Bridges under Maintenance Works Requiring Partial Lane Closure journal is based on the  way and techniques that can be used in maintaining  the Safety on the road as well as the Assessment of Traffic Control.

There are Devices that are typically used in the traffic control, and this can  include speed bumps as well as the barricades to block streets.

Others techniques are:

Traffic restraint can also entails the includes programs  that can foster bicycle as well as the pedestrian travel.

The rapid structural safety assessment help in inspecting and evaluating the concrete structure as well in determining  the damaged structure if it is  unsafe for personnel within the building .

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Water pressure principles is known to  state that the amount of Fluid pressure is said to be perpendicular to the surface on which it it exert or works on.

Note that  principle is shown by a vessel that is said to be having flat sides and has water. The pressure exerted by the weight of the water is therefore known to be perpendicular to the walls of the storage.

A water butt is known to be a container that is made and also used to store a lot of rainwater.

Note that Water pressure principles is known to  state that the amount of Fluid pressure is said to be perpendicular to the surface on which it it exert or works on.

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The Deflection due to Triangular load is 11q₀L⁴/120EI

The deflection due to the triangular load is usually given as:

σ₁ = 11q₀L⁴/120EI

Deflection due to reaction (R[tex]_{b}[/tex])(σ₂) =

R[tex]_{b}[/tex]L³/3EI

⇒ σ₁ = σ₂⇒ 11q₀L⁴/120EI

= R[tex]_{b}[/tex]L/3EI= R[tex]_{b}[/tex]

= 11q₀L/40

In terms of structural engineering, a beam or node moving from its initial location is referred to as deflection.

It occurs as a result of the loads and forces that are placed on the body.

Deflection, also known as displacement, can result from the weight of the body structure itself or from externally applied stresses.

A structure's deflection must be taken into account during design, and the consequences of not doing so can be disastrous.

Deflections may be caused by various loads. These include, among others,

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