2.1 Major Steps • Step 1: Generate a random binary 0 and 1 sequence of length N, call it {bn}. Keep N as a variable. You can choose N = 210, 215, 220. Example : bn=round(rand(1,N)). • Step 2: Convert the Binary sequence {bn} into real-valued Symbols of 0,1,2,and 3, call it Sk. Uses MATLAB function ax=cammod(sk,4) to map the Symbols to a QPSK symbol sequence {ak} Step 3: Passing {ax} through an AWGN channel using function rx=awgn(Qx,snr). k = ax + nike Generate your noise sequence such that the SNR = 0:2:16dB. • Step 4. Using function on=qamdemod(T2,4) to demap {rx} to obtain an estimated binary sequence {n}. • Step 5. Calculate and plot your BER versus SNR = 0:2:16dB. Use labels and titles to get nice-looking figures.

Answers

Answer 1

The goal of this simulation is to generate and transmit a random binary sequence through an AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel and evaluate the Bit Error Rate (BER) as a function of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for QPSK modulation. The following steps can be taken to achieve this:

Step 1: Generate a random binary sequence {bn} of length N using the MATLAB function rand(1,N) and rounding it to the nearest integer. The length N can be chosen as 210, 215, or 220.

Step 2: Map the binary sequence {bn} to a QPSK symbol sequence {ak} using the MATLAB function cammod(sk,4). Each pair of binary digits is mapped to a QPSK symbol.

Step 3: Add Gaussian noise to the QPSK symbols {ak} using the MATLAB function awgn(Qx,snr) to generate the received QPSK symbols {rx}. The noise level is determined by the SNR value, which is varied from 0 to 16 dB in steps of 2 dB.

Step 4: Demap the received QPSK symbols {rx} to obtain an estimated binary sequence {n} using the MATLAB function qamdemod(T2,4).

Step 5: Calculate the BER for each SNR value and plot it versus SNR. The BER is the ratio of the number of bits in error to the total number of transmitted bits.Finally, the plot of the BER versus SNR can be labeled and titled appropriately to produce a clear and informative figure.

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Related Questions

The function y=-16x^2+16x+32 represents the height in feet of a firework x seconds after it is launched

Answers

Answer:

36feet

Step-by-step explanation:

Since we are not asked what to find, we can as well find the maximum height reached by the rocket

At max height, velocity is zero

V = dy/dx = 0

dy/dx = -32x + 16

0 = -32x+16

32x = 16

x = 16/32

x = 0.5s

Get the maximum height

y = -16(0.5)^2+16(0.5) + 32

y = -4+8+32

y = 36feet

Hence the max height reached by the rocket is 36feet

PLS HELP QUICK !!!!!

what is the area of this figure?

Answers

Answer:

400 in²

Step-by-step explanation:

Consider the figure as a triangle on top of a parallelogram. The tic marks on the sides mean that the lengths with the same tic marks are equal.

The area of the parallelogram is 20×16=320

The area of the triangle is (20×8)/2= 80

Add the two areas: 320 + 80 = 400

if f(x)=325(.96)^x find f(6)

Answers

9514 1404 393

Answer:

  about 254.40

Step-by-step explanation:

Put the value where x is and do the arithmetic. (Any scientific or graphing calculator can do this for you.)

  f(6) = 325(0.96^6) ≈ 254.40

If the measure of angle 1 is 110° and the measure of angle 3 is (2x+10)", what is the value of x?
w
1
4
2.
3
50
55
60
Save and Fxit
S

Answers

Answer:

X is equal to 50..

Step-by-step explanation:

as angle 1 and 3 are equal

2*50+10

100+10

is 110

so X is 50

A farmer need five men to clear his farm in 10 days how men will he need, if must finish clearing in 2 days if they work at the same rate

Answers

Answer:

1 person  

Step-by-step explanation:

It is given that a farmer wants 5 persons to complete a work of clearing his field in ten number of days.

We have to find out the number of persons required if the farmer needs to clear his field in 2 number of days.

Therefore according to the information given :

10 days = 5 persons

∴ 1 day = [tex]$\frac{5}{10}$[/tex] persons

So  2 days = [tex]$\frac{5}{10}\times 2$[/tex] persons

                 [tex]$=\frac{5}{5}$[/tex] person

                 = 1 person

The 75 students in the high school band are going on a trip. The total cost of the trip is $1,410. Each student will pay the same amount. How much will each student have to pay?

Answers

It will be around $18.80 because $1410 divided by 75 equals $18.80.

What's ƒ(g(x)) if ƒ(x) = 3x + 7 and g(x) =6x – 5?

Answers

Answer:

ƒ(g(x)) = 18x - 8

Step-by-step explanation:

We're looking for the composition of f and g, in which function g is the input to function f.  Literally replace "x: in f(x) with g(x) = 6x - 5:

ƒ(g(x)) = 3(6x - 5) + 7, or, after simplification,

ƒ(g(x)) = 18x - 15 + 7, or 18x - 8

PLEASE HELP !! GEOMETRY

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

if you want all the questions make this brainlist answer

thank you

Different dealers may sell the same car for different prices. The sale prices for a particular car are normally distributed with a mean and standard deviation of 26 2626 thousand dollars and 2 22 thousand dollars, respectively. Suppose we select one of these cars at random. Let X = X=X, equals the sale price (in thousands of dollars) for the selected car.

Answers

Complete question :

Different dealers may sell the same car for different prices. The sale prices for a particular car are normally distributed with a mean and standard deviation of 26 thousand dollars and 2 thousand dollars, respectively. Suppose we select one of these cars at random. Let X represent the sale price (in thousands of dollars) for the selected car.1. Find P(26< X<30) You may round your answer to two decimal places

Answer:

0.48

Step-by-step explanation:

Mean, m = 26000 ; Standard deviation, s = 2000

P(x < x)

Zscore = (x - m) / s

P(26< X<30) ;

P[(26 - 26 / 2) < (30 - 26) / 2)]

P[(0 < Z < 2)]

P(Z < 2) - P(Z <0)

Using a z table of z calculator, we can obtain the probabilties of the Z value :

0.97725 - 0.5

= 0.47725

= 0.48 ( 2 decimal places)

The following are Noah's scores on his first ten exams: 89, 90, 79, 92, 80, 94, 86, 91, 82, 89. Calculate the sum of Noah's points
(Only enter the numeric answer - NO WORDS!)
I

Answers

Answer:

872

Step-by-step explanation:

89+90+79+92+80+94+86+91+82+89

Solve for all values of x by factoring.
x2+ 13x + 43 = 1

Answers

Answer:

Move 1 to the left side of the equation by subtracting it from both sides. Subtract 1 from 43.

A drug company testing a pain medication wants to know the impact of different dosages on patients' pain
levels. They recruited volunteers experiencing pain to try one of 6 different dosages and then rate their pain
levels on a scale of 1 to 10. Here are the results:

Answers

Answer:

A

Step-by-step explanation:

I took the same khan Academy Quiz

The graph which best represents graph A thus option (A) is correct.

What is a graph?

A graph is a diametrical representation of any function between the dependent and independent variables.

The graph is easy to understand the behavior of the graph.

As per the given data and graphs.

A good scatter plot will be having a reasonable scale on the x and y-axis.

In the graph, The average pain level is in the range of 2 intervals and dosage in 50 intervals as the data also have close to this range.

Thus, graph A represents the best scatter plot.

Hence "The graph which best represents graph A".

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The missing graphs are attached below,

Can someone help out I’m confused.

Answers

Answer:

y=-2/5x-3

Step-by-step explanation:

the slope is m and the y intercept is b

heyy the answer y= -2/5x-3

plzzzzzzz help quick i have 10 mins left!!!
Isaac is making sandwiches for a group of friends. He needs 3 ounces of meat for each sandwich.

Part A: Isaac is not sure how many sandwiches he will be able to make. Write an expression with a variable that represents the amount of meat Isaac needs for his sandwiches. Identify what the variable represents.

Part B: If Isaac has 18 ounces of meat, how many sandwiches can he make? Create an equation and show all work to solve it.

Answers

Answer:

A)

O = 3S

While O is the number of ounces of meat

While S is the number of sandwiches

B)

S= O/3 = 18/3 = 6 Sandwiches

Marcus borrowed 9000 from his bank to buy a car. The bank charged him a simple interest rate of 1.25%. By the time he paid back the money he had pad a total of 9281.25. How long did it take Marcus to pay back the money?

Answers

Answer:

2.5 years

Step-by-step explanation:

Given data

P=9000

r= 1.25%

A= 9281.25

The simple interest expression is given as

A=P(1+rt)

substitute

9281.25= 9000(1+0.0125*t)

9281.25=9000+112.5t

collect like terms

9281.25-9000=112.5t

281.25= 112.5t

t= 281.25/112.5

t= 2.5

Hence the time is 2.5 years

What is six and eighty-seven thousandths

Answers

Answer:

6.087

Step-by-step explanation:

0.000

^ones

   ^tenths

      ^hundredths

        ^thousandths

Answer:

depends how u want ur answer... :|

6.087

6 and 870

Hope that helps! :)

Step-by-step explanation:

help please!! I need an explanation

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

A triangle's angles add up to be 180 degrees, so you can create an equation to be 180= 130+5x. (the 5x is 2x + 3x)

subtract 130 from both sides and get 50=5x, divide both sides by 5, x is equal to 10.

I'm not sure which angle is angle a, but if you substitute x with 10, you can find the measure of the angle, so if it's 2x, 2(10)=20 and if 3x, 3(10)=30

The total sum of angles in a triangle is 180°

2x + 3x + 130° = 180°

5x + 130° = 180°

5x = 180° - 130°

5x = 50°

x = 50° / 5

x = 10

Hope it helps!

A man walks 5m due south and then 12m due East. Find his distance from the starting point.​

Answers

Answer: 13 m

Step-by-step explanation:

distance from starting point = root{(5)^2 + (12)^2 }

=root{ 25 + 144}

= 13

Answer:

        13 m

Step-by-step explanation:

Between south direction and east direction we have right angle, so we can use Pythagorean theorem:

a² + b² = c²

a = 5 m

b = 12 m

c = the distance

[tex]5^2+12^2=c^2\\\\c^2=25+144\\\\c^2=169\\\\c=\sqrt{169}=13\,m[/tex]

( GRADE 7 ALGEBRA). 5m + 6=_
when m=-3

Answers

Answer:

-9

Step-by-step explanation:

5m+6=

m=-3

substitute 3

5(-3)+6=-9

-15+6=-9

Answer:

-9

Step-by-step explanation:

If m = -3, then multiply -3 x 5 = -15, now add 6 to that which will give you -9.

Write your answer as a decimal or whole number % of 80 =60

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

number = 15/2 or 7.5

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Free response
Question:
Sheri is making a cylindrical-shaped cake for her son's birthday. The cake will be 4 inches tall and 12 inches in diameter.
What will be the volume of the cake? Use 3.14 for pi. Round to the nearest whole number.

Answers

452.2 cubic inches!!

f(x) = -2x4 + 2x2 + 3

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Sry, I didnt not get the answer. But,

www.berkeleycitycollege.edu › ...PDF

Web results

Maximum and Minimum Definition: Definition: Let f be defined in an interval ...

Search in this link u will get it

There are 80 dogs and cats in the animal shelter. The ratio of dogs to cat 5/11 how many of animals are dogs

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

80/16x5=25

The raito of chocolate covered carmels to choclate corvered cherries in my vault is 5 to 2 if i have 84 choclate covereds cherries how many choclate covered caramels do i have

Answers

Answer: 1 have 210   chocolate covered caramels

Step-by-step explanation:

step 1

The  ratio  of chocolate covered caramels to chocolate covered cherries in my vault is 5 to 2 which can also be written as 5:2

But the number of chocolate covered cherries =84

Total ratio is given as 5+2 = 7

Step 2

such that the total number of chocolate i had  would be gotten from

Ratio of chocolate covered cherries/ total ratio x Total chocolates = Number of chocolate covered cherries. Let X = Total number of chocolates

2/7 x X = 84

x= 84 x 7 / 2 =294

Therefore The number of chocolate covered caramels= ratio of chocolate covered caramels/ total ratio x Total chocolates =

5/7 X 294= 210

(1,5) with a slope of -2

Answers

Answer:

y = -2x + 7 is the equation if that's what you are asking for.

answer:

Linear equation :

y= -2x +7

Step-by-step explanation:

helpppppppppp this is due in 5 minutes!!

Answers

Answer:

5

4

1

2

8

,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,

Help please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! marking brainliest for correct answer!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

angle 2 = 49

angle 1 = 131

angle 3 = 112

plz mark my answer as brainlist.hope this will be helpful to you ☺️.

Mr and Mrs. Peters give their 8 year old son an allowance of $5 per week. to keep the same ratio of age to allowance, what allowence should they give their 12 year old daughter?

Answers

Answer:

9

Step-by-step explanation:

8-5=3 12-3=9 you subtract 5 and 8 and you get 3 and then you subtract 12 and 3 and you get 9 your answer is 9

Answer: $7.50

Step-by-step explanation: cause it is

Can someone please help me with this?!!

Answers

I believe that you would need to sell 65 shirts

Find the volume of a cylinder below . The formula for the volume of a cylinder is . The radius of the circle is represented by r and h stands for the height of the cylinder. use 3.14 for pu and round your answers to the nearest tenth

Answers

Answer:

The volume of the cylinder  V =  942 cm³      

Step-by-step explanation:

Step(i):-

Given that the graph

The height of the cylinder (h) = 12cm

The diameter of the cylinder d = 10cm

The radius of the cylinder

                              d = 2r

                             r = [tex]\frac{10}{2}[/tex]

                             r = 5 cm

Step(ii):-

The Volume of the cylinder

     V = π r² h

     V = π (5)²(12)

     V = 300π cubic centimeter

     V = 300 × 3.14

    V = 942 cm³

Final answer:-

Volume of the cylinder  V =  942 cm³

     

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if an object has a volume of 20 cubic inches and weights 28ounces what is the constant variation Please help! I've looked everywhere! Which amendment states that citizens have a right to a jury trial in civil cases where the value of the case exceeds $20? To find examples of reflection, what is one question you can ask?Is the writer using facts to describe an event?Is the writer describing his or her thoughts and feelings?What is the writer trying to convince me to believe?Is the writer focusing on important characters? When testing gas pumps for accuracy, fuel-quality enforcement specialists tested pumps and found that of them were not pumping accurately (within 3.3 oz when 5 gal is pumped), and pumps were accurate. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim of an industry representative that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate. Use the P-value method and use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. Identify the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. A. : p0.2 : p0.2 B. : p0.2 : p0.2 C. : p0.2 : p0.2 D. : p0.2 : p0.2 E. : p0.2 : p0.2 F. : p0.2 : p0.2 The test statistic is z nothing. (Round to four decimal places as needed.) The P-value is nothing. (Round to four decimal places as needed.) Because the P-value is greater than less than the significance level, fail to reject reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient sufficient evidence support the claim that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate. Read the passage in the picture because it wont let me type it out and then answer these questions.1. If you were a European power that had settler-colonies, what did that mean you were doing? [Note: You will need to infer the answer from the reading.]2. The Scramble for Africa became so intense what was feared that it could lead to?3. What did the Berlin Act treaty do? What are the most important ideas in the primary text? (In your own words!) My most important idea is to make sure I get a good paying job and, make sure I am good family have money and make sure we need what we need and make sure we have stuff to protected myself. 2. What are the most important ideas in the secondary topic? (In your own words!) The most idea is that they are comparing what's come first contrast what's last. 3. How do you think the primary and secondary topics are similar? How are they different? Yes, They are different, They not the same because They meaning doesen't tell use the same meaning so They are different and not the same. 4. What is your main point, or thesis statement, for your essay? (Use a complete sentence here!) They essay was telling me What was the same or different and, They was telling me more things. please help for brainliest PLEASE HELP IM ON A TIME LIMIT!!! 9. Se puede dialogar criticamente con un texto? O sea, puedes hablar con un texto cuando lo lees?hilidades yerhales de emisin: Son aquellas que salen de nuestra boca y mano. 1. During the Renaissance, humanist scholars ______. A. thought religion was more important than scholarship. B .believed people should not develop their talents. C. studied ancient Greek and Roman works. D. thought communities were more important than individuals.2. Johannes Gutenberg produced the first printed book in Europe. A. TRUE B. FALSE3. Leonardo da Vinci ______.A. wrote stories in his notebooks. B. invented machines that could fly. C. was a painter, but not a scientist. D. cut open dead bodies to learn more about the human body.4. Renaissance artists wanted to create works that made humans look like gods and goddesses. A. TRUE B. FALSE5. In painting, the technique of perspective shows people and things ______. A. as flat and one-dimensional B. as they look at different distances C. as they look at different times D. as finely detailed and very complex I need help on this homework (GIVING BRAINLIYEST)8. what is the volume of these 5 objects help help help quick Answeerrrrr asapppooaoaoaoao please need helppppp Determine if Ordered pairs are Solutions:-8x - 14y = 282x - 7y = 14 Which of the following is TRUE about assessing muscular strength and endurance?A All muscle groups can be tested simultaneouslyB. Muscle strength and endurance are always assessed togetherC. Different muscle groups have to be tested separately.D. One test can determine an individual's muscle group focus area PLEASE HELP ASADWhich statements are correct? Select all that apply.Multiply g by 23 to get m.Multiply m by 23 to get g.The missing value in the last row is 70.The missing value in the last row is 92.A real-world situation that is represented in the table is Rios car gets 23 miles per gallon..A real-world situation that is represented in the table is Rios car gets 1 mile per 23 gallons.. which detail from the article helps show why mollusks are important What key element is found in Gothic literature?