2 questions pls help it would mean everything to me <333

1. “XIV. A general association of nations must be formed . . . for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. . . .”

Discuss President Wilson’s concept of the League of Nations, which is stated in this excerpt from his “Fourteen Points” speech.

2. Describe some of the downfalls of redrawing the European map as part of the Treaty of Versailles.

The Foundation is an interest group seeking to influence government policy by advocating for a reversal of current climate policies and pushing for stricter regulations on carbon emissions. They use research and data to support their arguments and sway government officials towards their perspective.

The Foundation's approach involves conducting research, which they use to demonstrate that current policies are insufficient or potentially based on flawed assumptions. By presenting this research and data, they aim to convince policymakers and the government to reconsider their stance on climate change and enact more effective policies. The focus on carbon emissions regulations suggests that The Foundation is particularly concerned with mitigating the effects of climate change by addressing one of its primary causes.

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The statement 'George Washington broke with conventional military tactics by leading the Continental Army to attack the British forces wintering at Trenton, New Jersey and the at the battle of Princeton' is true.

The reason behind this was George Washington's surprise attack on the British and Hessian troops, which caught them off guard and allowed the Continental Army to achieve key victories, boosting morale and support for the American Revolution.

George Washington's decision to attack the British forces at Trenton, New Jersey and later at the Battle of Princeton during the winter of 1776-1777 was a departure from conventional military tactics of the time. Typically, armies would winter in a defensive position and avoid engagement until the following spring.

However, Washington recognized that his army needed a morale boost and decided to take the offensive. His successful attacks caught the British by surprise and boosted the morale of his own troops, helping to turn the tide of the Revolutionary War.

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Based on a historical perspective, there was Nanjing Massacre in China between December 1937 and March 1938.

Nanjing Massacre is a term that is often referred to as Nanjing Atrocity. It occurred as a result of the Second Sino-Japanese War when the Japanese military invaded Nanjing, China, and engaged in a campaign of mass killing.

Generally, it was believed that Nanjing Massacre involved mass murder, ràpe, arson, plunder, air raids on civilians, and the abduction of manual and promiscuous laborers by Japanese troops from December 1937 to early March 1938 inside the walled city.

The Nanjing Massacre also include the atrocities of Japanese invaders in other nearby counties of Nanjing where it was recorded that many killings occurred.

Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is Nanjing Massacre.

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Answer: the water that would collect at bottom and because of that it had fertile land that could easily be farmed/grown on

<3

One thing that Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas agreed on was D. People in a territory should be allowed to decide whether to allow enslavement when it became a state.

During the historic Lincoln-Douglas debates, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas found common ground on the principle of popular sovereignty. This shared belief underscored their mutual agreement that the residents of a territory should retain the authority to determine the fate of slavery when the territory sought statehood.

Both esteemed figures concurred that the crucial decision regarding the permissibility or prohibition of slavery ought to be entrusted to the inhabitants themselves, aligning with the essence of self-governance and democratic principles.

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Cyrus the Great led the Persian Empire to become the largest empire in history. His conquests, religious tolerance, and cultural contributions shaped the region, making him a revered figure in modern Iran.

Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, was the leader of the Persian Empire who extended it to become the largest empire. Cyrus conquered many lands, including the wealthy Lydian Empire, which he integrated into his kingdom.

He also went on to capture Babylon, thus expanding his empire even further. His victories allowed him to extend his control over much of the Middle East, making him one of the most influential emperors of all time.

Cyrus was a benevolent ruler who allowed religious freedom and respect for the customs and cultures of the people he conquered. As a result, his empire was one of the most diverse in history.

He is still revered in modern Iran as a national hero, and his reign marked the beginning of a new era of Persian culture and civilization.

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The leader who extended the Persian Empire to become the largest empire was Cyrus II, also known as Cyrus the Great. He became king of Persia in 559 BC and ruled until his death in 530 BC.

Cyrus was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire and was responsible for expanding it to include areas such as Central Asia, Mesopotamia, and parts of Europe. Under his rule, the empire became the largest in the world, stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus River. Cyrus was known for his military conquests and his diplomatic skills. He was able to win over the people he conquered by treating them with respect and allowing them to practice their own religion and culture. This policy of tolerance helped to unify the diverse people of the empire and contributed to its success. Cyrus is also remembered for his humanitarian efforts. He is said to have freed the Jews from Babylonian captivity and allowed them to return to Jerusalem. Cyrus died in battle against the Massagetae, a nomadic tribe from the eastern steppes. Despite his death, his legacy lived on, and he is still remembered as one of the greatest leaders in Persian history.

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The combination of an unpopular draft, lack of clear rationale for engagement, and gruesome war images had a significant impact on the Vietnam War. These factors led to widespread anti-war protests and increased public opposition to the conflict.

The draft was deeply unpopular, as young men were being conscripted to fight in a war that many believed was unjust and unwinnable. This fueled widespread protests, including some of the largest demonstrations in American history, and made it difficult for the government to maintain support for the war effort.

Additionally, the lack of a clear rationale for engagement left many Americans questioning why the US was involved in Vietnam in the first place. As the war dragged on and the death toll mounted, this sense of confusion and frustration only grew stronger.

Finally, the use of gruesome war images, including photographs and footage of civilian casualties, had a powerful emotional impact on the American public. These images challenged the government's narrative of the war and helped to mobilize the anti-war movement.

Taken together, these factors played a critical role in shaping public opinion and ultimately contributing to the US decision to withdraw from Vietnam.

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Answer: 1. well Virginia had a different plan *likewise  plan B* to give states equal representation *meaning when you vote it will be equally voted*

2. likewise a wise person said:

“Representatives  will be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed"

Explanation: i done my research

False. The Persian Gulf War was not a direct consequence of the Reagan Doctrine, which focused on supporting anti-communist movements and proxy wars during the Cold War. The Persian Gulf War was primarily a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990.

The Reagan Doctrine was a foreign policy strategy pursued by the United States during the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. It aimed to provide support, both overt and covert, to anti-communist movements and governments around the world, particularly in Central America, Africa, and the Middle East.

The Persian Gulf War, also known as the Gulf War or Operation Desert Storm, occurred in 1990-1991 when Iraq, under the leadership of Saddam Hussein, invaded and annexed Kuwait. The war was primarily a response by the international community, led by a coalition of nations including the United States, to Iraq's aggression and violation of international law.

While the Reagan Doctrine involved U.S. interventions and conflicts during the Cold War, the Persian Gulf War was a separate event that occurred after Reagan's presidency. Therefore, it is not accurate to claim that the Persian Gulf War was a direct consequence of the Reagan Doctrine.

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The purpose of the treaty and organization created by the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 was:

a) to create an alliance, stronger together.

The main objective of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was to establish a collective defense alliance among the signatory countries.

The treaty stated that if any member country were to face an armed attack, it would be considered an attack on all member countries. The purpose was to create a unified front against potential aggression and to ensure the security and defense of the member nations.

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Jefferson believed judges had a tendency to act beyond their authority, seeking more influence and power than was rightfully theirs. He expressed concerns about the potential for judicial activism.

Jefferson, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the third President, was a staunch advocate for limited government and strict interpretation of the Constitution. He believed in a system of checks and balances, with each branch of government having its own distinct powers and responsibilities. However, Jefferson felt that judges, particularly those on the federal bench, had the potential to overstep their bounds and encroach upon the authority of the legislative and executive branches. He feared that judicial activism could lead to an imbalance of power and undermine the principles of democracy.

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The decision in the case above did not uphold Roe v. Wade (1973) but created a new standard to determine if the state was interfering with a woman's right to choose. The case in question, known as Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), revisited the central issues of Roe v. Wade regarding a woman's right to access abortion services.

While the Pennsylvania laws at issue in Casey placed certain restrictions on abortion, the Court did not overturn Roe v. Wade's fundamental holding that a woman has a constitutional right to choose to have an abortion. Instead, the Court introduced the "undue burden" standard, which aimed to strike a balance between a woman's right to choose and the state's interests in regulating abortions.

Under the "undue burden" standard, restrictions on abortion are permissible as long as they do not create a substantial obstacle for a woman seeking an abortion. The Court in Casey determined that the 24-hour waiting period did not constitute a substantial obstacle, but the spousal notification requirement was invalidated as an undue burden on a woman's right to choose.

In summary, while the Casey decision introduced a new standard to evaluate abortion restrictions, it affirmed the core principle of Roe v. Wade that a woman has the constitutional right to choose to have an abortion.

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The true statement about Kennedy's actions during World War II is: D. He served on the home front and did not see combat.

Kennedy's actions during World War II involved serving on the home front rather than engaging in combat. While some individuals may have received preferential treatment due to their influential connections, there is no evidence to support the claim that Kennedy's wealthy father helped him avoid military service.

However, it should be noted that Kennedy's heroic actions and bravery in difficult circumstances occurred during his later political career, particularly his role in the Cuban Missile Crisis as President of the United States, rather than during World War II.

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Answer:

the Bolshevik revolution in November, to seek an armistice dramatically altered the strategic situation.

Answer: The Bolshevik revolution

Explanation: I prolly spelled Bolshevik wrong but whatever <3

Answer:

El Salvador is a developing country with a mixed economy. The standard of living in El Salvador varies widely, with significant disparities between urban and rural areas. The poverty rate is about 29%, with about 1% of the population living in extreme poverty.

The country has made progress in recent years, with poverty rates declining and economic growth averaging around 8% per year. However, El Salvador continues to face significant challenges related to social and economic inequality, crime and violence, corruption, and political instability. The COVID-19 pandemic has also further exacerbated existing social and economic challenges.

While Eminem has been very controversial for his anti-gay statements and violent lyrics, Ice Cube has shown support for Eminem and his music.

Ice Cube has collaborated with Eminem on numerous occasions, working with Eminem on the productions of songs such as, “My Name Is”, “Role Model”, and “Ki-llumantii”, among others. Despite Eminem’s lyrical content, Ice Cube has repeatedly shown his support for Eminem. Ice Cube has stated that Eminem is “a genius” and that he “respects him for being a lyricist”.

He has also explained that even though he doesn’t always understand Eminem’s lyrics, he respects them and views them as an up-and-coming artist’s perspective on harsh life lessons. In addition to providing production for Eminem, Ice Cube has also worked with him to promote mutual understanding and collaboration between white and black people in music. He believes that by using music, both Eminem and himself can help unite two very segregated music scenes in America.

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Throughout history, an increased demand for nurses has often resulted in advancements in nursing education and training, as well as the creation of nursing organizations and regulatory bodies to ensure the quality of care provided by nurses.

As healthcare needs continue to grow, the demand for nurses has consistently risen. One historical event that illustrates this is the rise of nursing during World War II. The need for skilled medical personnel led to the creation of nursing programs and the Women's Army Corps (WAC), which recruited and trained thousands of nurses to serve in the military. In the post-war years, the experience gained by nurses in the military led to advances in nursing education and training, as well as the establishment of nursing organizations such as the American Nurses Association.

Another example is the nursing shortage of the 1980s, which led to the creation of nursing regulatory bodies like the National Council of State Boards of Nursing. This organization was formed to ensure the competence and safety of nurses through standardized licensure examinations and continuing education requirements.

Overall, an increased demand for nurses has historically resulted in a focus on nursing education and training, as well as the establishment of organizations to ensure the quality of care provided by nurses. These efforts are crucial to maintaining excellence in healthcare and meeting the needs of patients.

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The effects of colonialism in Africa in the late 1800s were far-reaching and encompassed various aspects such as political, economic, social, and cultural transformations.

In the late 1800s, European powers colonized vast territories in Africa through a process known as the Scramble for Africa. This colonization had significant effects on the continent. Politically, Africa was divided into artificial boundaries created by European powers, leading to the establishment of European colonial administrations and the erosion of traditional African political structures.

Economic effects included the exploitation of African resources, such as minerals and cash crops, for the benefit of the colonizers. This extraction of resources often resulted in the impoverishment of local populations and the disruption of traditional economic systems.

Socially, colonial rule led to the imposition of European cultural norms and values, which marginalized indigenous African cultures. Africans were subjected to racial discrimination, segregation, and forced labor under colonial rule.

Additionally, colonialism had long-lasting effects on African identity, as it created a sense of dependency and inferiority among the colonized populations.

Overall, the effects of colonialism in Africa in the late 1800s were marked by political subjugation, economic exploitation, social upheaval, and cultural disintegration. These effects continued to shape the trajectory of African nations even after achieving independence, leaving a lasting legacy of challenges and the ongoing process of decolonization and nation-building.

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Abraham Lincoln combined the moral fervor of an abolitionist with pragmatic political skills and a commitment to preserving the Union.

Abraham Lincoln was indeed known for his strong moral opposition to slavery and his belief in the equality of all people. He considered slavery to be morally wrong and sought its eventual abolition.

However, Lincoln also recognized the political realities of his time and understood that achieving immediate emancipation would be a complex and challenging process. Therefore, he employed pragmatic strategies to advance the cause of abolition while preserving the unity of the nation.

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863, was a significant step towards ending slavery, but it was also a strategic wartime measure aimed at weakening the Confederate states. By combining his moral convictions with practical political tactics, Lincoln sought to navigate the complexities of the time and ultimately bring an end to slavery in the United States.

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The "re-birth" in Western Europe refers to the Renaissance, a period of significant cultural, intellectual, and artistic revival that occurred between the 14th and 17th centuries.

1. Humanism: Humanism was a central belief during the Renaissance that emphasized the importance of human potential, individualism, and the study of classical literature, art, and philosophy. Humanists sought to revive the values of ancient Greece and Rome, focusing on human achievements, rationality, and the pursuit of knowledge.

Rationality and Empiricism: Renaissance thinkers and scholars emphasized the importance of reason, logic, and observation in understanding the world. There was a growing interest in empirical evidence, scientific inquiry, and the use of critical thinking to challenge established beliefs and traditions.

These beliefs of humanism, secularism, individualism, rationality, the revival of classical knowledge, and cultural expression were central to the Renaissance and had a profound impact on Western European society, leading to advancements in various disciplines and shaping the trajectory of modern European civilization.

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Answer:

an ideological and political rivalry between the United States and the USSR gave way to the start of the Cold War.

Answer: As World War II transformed both the United States and the USSR, turning the nations into formidable world powers, competition between the two increased. Following the defeat of the Axis powers, an ideological and political rivalry between the United States and the USSR gave way to the start of the Cold War.

Explanation:

Many British cities have an area of open space surrounding them called "green belt."

The term "green belt" refers to an area of open land and countryside that surrounds certain urban areas in the United Kingdom, particularly cities and towns. These areas are designated and protected to prevent urban sprawl and maintain the separation between urban and rural spaces. The concept of green belt was first introduced in the 20th century as a planning policy to control the expansion of cities and preserve the natural environment.

The primary purpose of green belt areas is to provide a buffer zone between urban areas and the surrounding countryside. It aims to protect agricultural land, natural habitats, and important landscapes from development and encroachment. The green belt also helps to limit urban sprawl, maintain the character and identity of cities, and promote sustainable development by directing growth towards existing urban areas.

The establishment of green belts has been a significant part of urban planning in the United Kingdom, with specific policies and regulations in place to protect and manage these areas. The boundaries of green belt areas are typically defined through local and national planning processes, and development within these zones is subject to stricter regulations and scrutiny.

Overall, green belt areas play a crucial role in maintaining the balance between urban development and the preservation of natural spaces in British cities. They contribute to the quality of life, environmental sustainability, and the overall well-being of both urban and rural communities.

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Travelers headed West needed knowledge and provisions such as navigational skills, survival skills, adequate food and water supplies, tools for repairs, suitable clothing, and means of transportation.

Traveling West during historical periods like the 19th-century American Westward Expansion or the Gold Rush required careful preparation. Travelers needed navigational skills to navigate unfamiliar terrain and find their way to their desired destinations. Survival skills were essential to cope with the harsh and unpredictable conditions they would encounter along the journey, including extreme weather, limited food and water sources, and potential encounters with hostile wildlife or indigenous populations.

Proper provisioning was crucial for the journey. Travelers needed to ensure they had enough food and water supplies to sustain themselves throughout the trip, as they often traveled through vast, uninhabited regions where resources were scarce. They also needed tools and equipment for repairs and maintenance of their means of transportation, whether it was a wagon, horse, or later, a steamship or train. Suitable clothing was necessary to protect against the elements and adapt to changing weather conditions, especially in regions with extreme temperatures or rugged terrain.

In summary, travelers heading West needed a combination of knowledge, skills, and provisions to navigate and survive the challenges of the journey, ensuring their safety and successful arrival at their destination.

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In her statement "not black boxing history," Power means to avoid simplifying or obscuring historical events or processes. She emphasizes the need to fully understand and acknowledge the complexities and nuances of history instead of reducing it to simplistic narratives or ignoring certain aspects.

Historical events refer to significant occurrences, incidents, or developments that have taken place in the past and have had an impact on society, culture, politics, or other aspects of human life.

These events can range from major world-changing events such as wars, revolutions, and scientific discoveries, to more localized or specific events that have shaped a particular region or community.

Historical events are studied and analyzed to gain insights into the past, understand the present, and make informed decisions for the future.

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With the violent breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, ethnic and religious violence, nationalism, and historical grievances were some of the major forces that contributed to the conflict.

The collapse of communism in Europe created a power vacuum in Yugoslavia, which led to the resurgence of nationalism among its constituent republics. The Serbian-dominated government under Slobodan Milosevic aimed to create a Greater Serbia, which included territories claimed by other republics such as Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This led to armed conflicts between Serb forces and those of other ethnic groups, such as Croats, Bosniaks, and Albanians. The conflict was fueled by historical grievances dating back to World War II and earlier, as well as by religious differences between Orthodox Christians and Muslims. The war resulted in the displacement of millions of people, atrocities such as ethnic cleansing, and ultimately the dissolution of Yugoslavia.

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It sounds like you are referring to a municipal charter. A municipal charter is a legal document that essentially serves as the "constitution" of a city or town. It defines the organization of local government and specifies the powers, duties, and functions of that government.

Some key aspects of a municipal charter typically include:

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Waterways such as canals and rivers were important in the process of early industrialization because they provided a means for integrating economic activities in regional and national markets.

The integration of waterways played a crucial role in the early stages of industrialization. By connecting different regions and facilitating the transportation of goods, waterways allowed for the efficient movement of raw materials, finished products, and resources necessary for industrial production. Canals and rivers served as important trade routes, enabling businesses to access larger markets and distribute their goods more widely. This integration of economic activities promoted industrial growth, increased productivity, and stimulated economic development.

Waterways also provided advantages in terms of transportation costs. Compared to land-based transportation, which was often slower and more expensive, water transportation was more economical, particularly for heavy or bulky goods. This affordability allowed businesses to transport their products at lower costs, making them more competitive in the market.

In conclusion, the integration of waterways in the early stages of industrialization played a vital role in connecting regions and markets, facilitating the movement of goods, and reducing transportation costs. This integration was crucial for the growth and expansion of industries, contributing significantly to the overall process of industrialization.

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Reagan's approach to the Soviet Union differed from his predecessors in its firm stance against communism and its emphasis on military buildup and confrontational rhetoric.

Unlike his predecessors, Reagan took a more assertive and confrontational stance towards the Soviet Union. While previous administrations had adopted a policy of détente, seeking to ease tensions and engage in diplomatic negotiations, Reagan's approach was marked by a resolute opposition to communism. He referred to the Soviet Union as the "evil empire" and believed in the necessity of confronting and containing Soviet influence.

Reagan significantly increased defense spending, pursuing a strategy of military buildup to pressure the Soviet Union economically and challenge its global dominance. This approach was in stark contrast to the more conciliatory and cooperative strategies pursued by previous presidents. Reagan's policies eventually contributed to the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union.

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The legislation by Parliament stated its right to pass laws and make decisions for the colonies is Declaratory Act.

The Declaratory Act acknowledged the British government's right to make laws for the colonies, it did not grant Parliament the authority to pass laws or make decisions for the colonies without their consent.

The Declaratory Act was the British government's attempt to exert its authority over the colonies and define its legal right to govern them. It, on the other hand, had the reverse impact, fueling additional rebellion and ultimately leading to the American Revolution.

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