Answer:
Mass.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we should remember that dimensions are useful to represent the quantity that a property has. For instance, when measuring mass, volume, density and temperature, the value that the property has at a specific condition must be accompanied with the corresponding unit. In such a way, since the measurement is given as 0.2002 grams, we can identify those grams accounts for mass.
Best regards.
How much heat does it take to melt 5.0g solid copper?
Answer:
[tex]Q=1.04kJ[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for latent heat (phase change) we need to consider the enthalpy associated with the involved process, here, melting or fusion; thus, the enthalpy of fusion of copper is 13.2 kJ/mol, therefore, the heat is computed as:
[tex]Q=m\Delta H_{fus}[/tex]
Nevertheless, since the given enthalpy is per mole of copper, we need to use its atomic mass to perform the correct calculation as follows:
[tex]Q=5.0g*\frac{1mol}{63.54}* 13.2\frac{kJ}{mol}\\ \\Q=1.04kJ[/tex]
Which is positive as it needs to be supplied to the system.
Best regards.
When solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets are dissolved in water, the temperature of the water and beaker rises. The formation of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is
Answer:
Exothermic
Explanation:
A reaction is said to be exothermic when heat is evolved in the process. The evolution of heat implies that the energy of reactants is greater than that of the products, hence energy is given off when the products are formed.
If you dissolve sodium hydroxide in water, the vessel feels hot when touched. This signifies that energy is given off during the process. Hence the formation of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is exothermic.
NH3 is a weak alkali that does not dissociate fully into its solution. Which of the following is true about NH3?
A. It has a very low pH.
B. It's dissociation is a reversible reaction.
C. It has a high H+ concentration.
D. It will release all of its OH- ions.
Answer:
Answer:
B. It's dissociation is a reversible reaction
Explanation:
NH3 is a weak alkali that does not dissociate fully into its solution. Only parts of the ammonia takes part in the dissociation process.
NH3 + H20 —> NH4+ + OH-
This dissociation is reversible which means the reactants can be formed from the product gotten from the dissociation
It has a high pH due to its basic nature. It also has a Low concentration of H+ ions and not all the OH- ions are released.
3. Explain why environmental science is an interdisciplinary science.
Answer:
Environmental science is also referred to as an interdisciplinary field because it incorporates information and ideas from multiple disciplines. Within the natural sciences, such fields as biology, chemistry, and geology are included in environmental science.
Explanation:
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science because it integrates physics, biology, and geography to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
What do you mean by the environmental science and interdisciplinary science ?Environmental science is the field of science that studies the interactions of the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment and the relationships .
Interdisciplinary science allows you to study according to your professional and academic abilities and goals .
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science because it integrates physics, biology, and geography to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
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Which of the following describes what happens to the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound when a common ion is added to the solution?
a) The solubility of the ionic compound is reduced.
b) The ionic compound dissolves more rapidly.
c) The solubility of the ionic compound is increased.
d) There is no effect on the solubility of the ionic compound.
e) More of the ionic compound dissolves.
Answer:
a) The solubility of the ionic compound is reduced.
Explanation:
Let AB be the ionic compound . It will ionise as follows in solution .
AB ⇄ A⁺ + B⁻
In solution AB , A⁺ and B⁻ maintain a state of equilibrium . Now if we add A⁺ ion as common ion to the solution , the equilibrium will be shifted to the left ie less of AB will ionise to maintain equilibrium . Hence the solubility of AB will be reduced .
The solubility of an ionic compound reduces when any common ion is being added to any solution.
Solubility:
Solubility my be defined as the act of dissolving anything in it. It is the ability of a substance to dissolve a solvent in order to form a solution.Ionic compound :
Ionic compounds are chemical compounds.They are made up of ionic compounds which held them together.When some common ion adds into a solution, the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound gets reduced due to :
common ion effectreverse reaction to the ionization processLearn More :
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Will the addition of NaC2H3O2 to a CH3COOH solution cause the pH to increase or decrease? Explain.
Answer:
pH will be increased.
Explanation:
When you mixed sodium acetate and acetic acid, pH will be maintained and will have slight changes. This constitutes what is known as a buffer solution.
But if you analize the reactions:
First of all, you have a weak acid, acetic:
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺ Ka
And the salt can be dissociated as:
NaCH₃COO → CH₃COO⁻ + Na⁺
As you are adding acetate, this is the conjugate strong base from the weak acid and as every base, it brings hydroxides to medium, so the pH will be increased. Protons from the acid will be neutralized, thouhgh.
CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O ⇄ CH₃COOH + OH⁻ Kb
The internal energy of 10 moles of helium (a monatomic gas) is 15 kJ. What is the rms speed of the molecules? (The molar mass of helium is 4.00 g/mole.)
Answer:
[tex]v_{rms}=866.32m/s[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the rms speed of the molecules is computed by:
[tex]v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M} }[/tex]
Whereas the absolute temperature is computed from the internal energy (by using the Cp of helium (3.1156 J/g*K) as shown below:
[tex]U=nCvT\\\\T=\frac{U}{nCv}=\frac{15kJ*\frac{1000J}{1kJ} }{10mol*\frac{4.00g}{1mol} *3.1156\frac{J}{g*K} } \\\\T=120.36K[/tex]
Thereby, the rms speed results:
[tex]v_{rms}=\sqrt{\frac{3*8.314\frac{kg*m^2}{s^2*mol*K}*120.36K}{4.00\frac{g}{mol}*\frac{1kg}{1000} } } \\\\v_{rms}=866.32m/s[/tex]
Regards.
Balance this reaction ch3oh+02 c02 h20
Answer:
2CH3OH + 3O2 --> 2CO2 + 4H2O
This is called Combustion of Methanol
Explanation:
Count the numbers of atoms on each sides and try to get the same amount of quantity on each sides, so you'll eventually get "balanced".
or
Watch this video: "How to Balance CH3OH + O2 = CO2+ H2O (Combustion of Methanol)"
Good luck with future work! Keep studying chemistry!
- D
What is a Spontaneous charge
This means a release of free energy from the system corresponds to a negative change in free energy, but to a positive change for the surroundings.
The tosylate of (2S,3S)-3-phenylbutan-2-ol undergoes an E2 elimination on treatment with sodium ethoxide. Draw the structure of the alkene that is produced
Answer:
Please find the attachment to this question:
Explanation:
By eliminating the agent produced in the reaction, it will give a structure of the alkene. please find the given attachment.
Calculate the [Cu2') remaining in 425 mL of a solution that was originally 0.366 M CuSO4 after passage of 2.68 A for 282 s and the deposition of Cu at the cathode.
Answer:
[tex][Cu]^{remaining}=0.357 M[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we may use the following equation in order to compute the moles of copper that are processed, considering it goes from Cu⁰ to Cu²⁺, so two electrons are transferred:
[tex]n_{Cu}=\frac{2.68C/s*282s}{96500C/mol*2} =3.9x10^{-3}mol[/tex]
After that, we compute the initial moles of copper in the solution, considering that the concentration of copper (II) equals the concentration of copper:
[tex]n_{Cu,0}=0.366mol/L*0.425L=0.156mol[/tex]
In such a way, we can subtract the process moles to the initial moles to compute the remaining moles of copper:
[tex]n_{Cu}^{remaining}=0.156mol-0.0039mol=0.152mol[/tex]
Finally, the concentration is:
[tex][Cu]^{remaining}=0.152mol/0.425L[/tex]
[tex][Cu]^{remaining}=0.357 M[/tex]
Regards.
what is point group of allene?
Allene (1,2-propadiene) has point group D2d, itself is achiral because it has two planes of symmetry. ... An allene with substituents on one terminal carbon atom are unlike and substituent on other terminal carbon atoms are same, allene will be achiral. It will have one symmetry plane.
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Calculate the molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) in a solution that is 0.250 M in NaF. For magnesium fluoride, Ksp = 5.16 * 10 - 11.
Answer:
Molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) = 8.26 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
Explanation:
Given:
Ksp = 5.16 × 10⁻¹¹
NaF = 0.250
Find:
Molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2)
Computation:
Molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) = Ksp / NaF²
Molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) = 5.16 × 10⁻¹¹ / (0.250)²
Molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) = 8.26 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
The molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is 8.26 × 10⁻¹⁰ M.
Calculation of the molar solubility:Since
Ksp = 5.16 × 10⁻¹¹
NaF = 0.250
Now we know that
Molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) = Ksp / NaF²
= 5.16 × 10⁻¹¹ / (0.250)²
= 8.26 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
hence, The molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is 8.26 × 10⁻¹⁰ M.
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Which of the following should have the highest conductivity? a. 3.0 M NaCl b. 2.1 M Na3PO4 c. 2.4 M CaCl2 d. 3.2 M NH4NO3
Answer:
The correct answer is option b, that is, 2.1 M Na₃PO₄.
Explanation:
The solution with the largest concentration of ions will possess the highest conductivity.
a) 3.0 M NaCl
NaCl ⇔ Na⁺ + Cl⁻
Here the total number of ions is 2, therefore, the concentration of ions is 3.0 × 2 = 6.0 M
b) 2.1 M Na₃PO₄
Na₃PO₄ ⇔ 3 Na⁺ + PO₄³⁻
Here the total number of ions i 4. Therefore, the concentration of ions is
2.1 × 4 = 8.4 M.
c) 2.4 M CaCl₂
CaCl₂ ⇔ Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
The total number of ions is 3. Therefore, the concentration of ions is
2.4 × 3 = 7.2 M
d) 3.2 M NH₄NO₃
NH₄NO₃ ⇔ NH₄⁺ + NO₃⁻
The total number of ions is 2. The concentration of ions will be,
3.2 × 2 = 6.4 M
Hence, the highest conductivity will be of 2.1 M Na₃PO₄.
A5 gram ball has a volume of 2.5 milliliters. What is the density of the ball?
(Mass is measure in grams, volume is measured in milliliters and density is measured in
grams/milliliter.)
Answer:
2 g/mL
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
Mass (m) = 5 g
Volume (V) = 2.5 mL
Density (D) =.?
Density is simply defined as the mass of substance per unit volume of the substance. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
Density (D) = mass (m) /volume (V)
D = m/V
With the above formula, we can obtain the density of the ball as follow:
Mass (m) = 5 g
Volume (V) = 2.5 mL
Density (D) =.?
D = m/V
D = 5/2.5
D = 2 g/mL
Therefore, the density of the ball is 2 g/mL.
Find the pH of a 0.350 M aqueous benzoic acid solution. For benzoic add. Ka = 6.5 x 10^-5.
a) 4.64
b) 4.19
c) 2.32
d) 11.68
Answer:
correct option is (a)
The solution would be using this: C6H5COOH = H+ + C6H5COO Ka = 6.5 x 10^-5 = (H+)(C6H5COO-) over
(C6H5COOH)
Let X = moles per liter (H+) and also = moles per liter (C6H5COO-)
Ka = 6.5 x 10^-5 = (X)(X) over .350 molar = acid solution 6.5 x 10^-5 = X^2 over .350
X^2 = 6.5 x 10^-5 times .350 which = 2.275 x 10^-5
x = V2.275 x 10^-5
X = 1.5083 x 10^-5 moles per liter H+
pH = -log(H+) = -log 1.5083 x 10^-5 which
= 4.6215
The pH of a 0.350 M aqueous benzoic acid solution is 4.64. The correct option is a).
What is pH?In chemistry, the pH scale is used to define the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Historically, pH stood for "potential of hydrogen."
The solution would be using this: C₆H₅COOH = H+ + C₆H₅COO Ka = 6.5 x 10⁻⁵ = (H+)(C₆H₅COO-) over
(C₆H₅COOH)
Let X = moles per liter (H+) and also = moles per liter (C6H5COO-)
Ka = 6.5 x 10⁻⁵ = (X)(X) over .350 molar = acid solution 6.5 x 10⁻⁵= X² over .350
X² = 6.5 x 10⁻⁵ times .350 which = 2.275 x 10⁻⁵
x = V2.275 x 10⁻⁵
X = 1.5083 x 10⁻⁵ moles per liter H+
pH = -log(H+) = -log 1.5083 x 10⁻⁵ = 4.6215
Therefore, the pH is 4.6215. The correct option is a). round to 4.64.
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The cylinder of aluminum in class was approximately 13mm in circumference and 42mm in length. What would be it's approximate mass?
Answer:
Mass, m = 1.51 grams
Explanation:
It is given that,
The circumference of Aluminium cylinder, C = 13 mm = 1.3 cm
Length of the cylinder, h = 4.2 cm
We know that the density of the Aluminium is 2.7 g/cm³
Circumference, C = 2πr
[tex]r=\dfrac{C}{2\pi}\\\\r=\dfrac{1.3}{2\pi}\\\\r=0.206\ cm[/tex]
Density is equal to mass per unit volume.
[tex]d=\dfrac{m}{V}[/tex]
m is mass of the cylinder
V is the volume of the cylinder
[tex]V=\pi r^2h\\\\V=\dfrac{22}{7}\times0.206^2\times 4.2\\\\V=0.5601\ cm^3[/tex]
So,
[tex]m=d\times V\\\\m=2.7\times 0.5601\\\\m=1.51\ g[/tex]
So, the mass of the cylinder is 1.51 grams.
What is the pH of a solution made by mixing 30.00 mL 0.10 M HCl with 40.00 mL of 0.10 M KOH? Assume that the volumes of the solutions are additive.
Answer:
pH = 12.15
Explanation:
To determine the pH of the HCl and KOH mixture, we need to know that the reaction is a neutralization type.
HCl + KOH → H₂O + KCl
We need to determine the moles of each compound
M = mmol / V (mL) → 30 mL . 0.10 M = 3 mmoles of HCl
M = mmol / V (mL) → 40 mL . 0.10 M = 4 mmoles of KOH
The base is in excess, so the HCl will completely react and we would produce the same mmoles of KCl
HCl + KOH → H₂O + KCl
3 m 4 m -
1 m 3 m
As the KCl is a neutral salt, it does not have any effect on the pH, so the pH will be affected, by the strong base.
1 mmol of KOH has 1 mmol of OH⁻, so the [OH⁻] will be 1 mmol / Tot volume
[OH⁻] 1 mmol / 70 mL = 0.014285 M
- log [OH⁻] = 1.85 → pH = 14 - pOH → 14 - 1.85 = 12.15
The pH of the solution is 12.15.
Calculation of the pH of the solution:The following equation should be
HCl + KOH → H₂O + KCl
Here we have to measured the moles of each compound i.e.
M = mmol / V (mL) → 30 mL . 0.10 M = 3 mmoles of HCl
M = mmol / V (mL) → 40 mL . 0.10 M = 4 mmoles of KOH
So, it be like
3 m 4 m -
1 m 3 m
Now the pH should be like
= [OH⁻] 1 mmol / 70 mL
= 0.014285 M
Now
= - log [OH⁻] = 1.85
pH = 14 - pOH
= 14 - 1.85
= 12.15
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In cell notation, all species appearing to the left of the double vertical line represent:________.
a. the anode.
b. the cathode.
c. the salt bridge.
d. a phase boundary.
Answer:
a. the anode.
Explanation:
An anode is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized electrical device. This contrasts with a cathode, an electrode through which conventional current leaves an electrical device
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Answer: the cathode, by convention the components of the cathode are always listed last
Which one of the following would produce 2-ethoxypropane in high yield?
a. t-butyl chloride + sodium methoxide
b. t-butanol + methanol in presence of H2SO4 at 140 C
c. t-butyl bromide + bromomethane in presence of NaOH
d. sodium t-butoxide + bromomethane
Answer:
d. sodium t-butoxide + bromomethane
Explanation:
Sodium t-butoxide is a strong base with the chemical formula (CH3)3CONa and it is a non-nucleophilic base while bromomethane with the chemical formula CH3Br.
They both together gives 2-ethoxypropane (C5H12O).
(CH3)3CONa + CH3Br => C5H12O + NaBr
Hence, the correct option is "d".
A 24.0 gram object has a volume of 6.0 mL. What is the density of the object?
Answer:
4 g/mL
Explanation:
The density of a object can be found using the following formula.
[tex]d=\frac{m}{v}[/tex]
where m is the mass and v is the volume.
We know that the mass of the object is 24.0 grams and the volume is 6.0 milliliters.
[tex]m= 24 g\\v=6 mL[/tex]
Substitute the values into the formula.
[tex]d= \frac{24g}{6mL}[/tex]
Divide 24 g by 6 mL.
[tex]d= 4 g/mL[/tex]
The density of the object is 4 grams per milliliter.
Answer:
4 g/mL
Explanation:
density = mass/volume
therefore, density = 24/6
ρ = 4 g/mL
LiAlH4 reacts with acid chlorides to yield secondary alcohols after hydrolysis.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
In this reaction, we will have a hydride transfer to the carbon of the carbonyl group, moving the electrons of the double bond towards the oxygen producing a negative charge. The double bond is then regenerated by removing the chlorine atom from the molecule, producing an aldehyde.
Then, another molecule the LiAlH4 transfers another hydride to the carbon of the carbonyl group, again producing a negative charge on the oxygen. Finally, the hydrogen is protonated producing a primary alcohol.
See figure 1
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Given: There are 39.95 grams of Argon (39.95 g/1 mole) and one mole has a volume of 22.4 Liters (1 mole/22.4 L). What is the volume, in Liters, of 34.3 grams of Argon?
Answer:
[tex]V_2=19.23L[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, by using the Avogadro's law which allows us to understand the volume-moles behavior as a directly proportional relationship:
[tex]\frac{V_2}{n_2} =\frac{V_1}{n_1}[/tex]
We can compute the volume of 34.3 g of argon by representing it in mole as shown below:
[tex]n_1=1 mol\\\\n_2=34.3g*\frac{1mol}{39.95g} =0.859mol[/tex]
Thus, we find:
[tex]V_2=\frac{V_1*n_2}{n_1}=\frac{22.4L*0.859mol}{1mol} \\\\V_2=19.23L[/tex]
Best regards.
A certain solution has a molarity of M = 3.14 mol/L and has a volume of V = 0.760 L . What is the value of n? Express your answer numerically in moles.
Answer:
Thinking...
o-O
(ﾉ◕ヮ◕)ﾉ*:･ﾟ✧
In a concentration cell, the reaction is driven by: Select the correct answer below:
a. K
b. Q
c. E*cell
d. all of above
Answer:
b. Q
Explanation:
Equilibrium constant K is a measure of the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products of a reaction to the equilibrium concentration of the reactants with each concentration raised to the power corresponding to the coefficient in the balanced equation of the reaction.
On the other hand , the [tex]E^\theta_{cell}[/tex] is the standard electrode potential of the right-hand electrode minus the standard electrode potential of the left hand electrode, Thus, [tex]E^\theta_{cell}[/tex] will be zero if concentration cell in the two electrodes appears to be the same.
The Nernst equation correlates the cell E.M.F to a standard value E and the activities of the species that takes places in the cell reaction. Thus in a concentration cell, the reaction is driven by Q
Calculate the solubility of BaCO3 (a) in pure water and (b) in a solution in which [CO32-] = 0.289 M. Solubility in pure water = M Solubility in 0.289 M CO32- = M
Answer:
(a). The solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in pure water is [tex]4.4\times10^{-5}\ M[/tex]
(b). The solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in solution is [tex]6.92\times10^{-9}\ M[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
(a). The solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in pure water
(b). The solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in a solution
Solubility of [tex]CO_{3}^{-2}[/tex] is 0.289 M
We know that,
The solubility product constant of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] is [tex]2\times10^{-9}[/tex]
Let the solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] is s.
We need to calculate the solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in pure water
Using formula of solubility
[tex]ksp=s\times s[/tex]
[tex]ksp=s^2[/tex]
[tex]s=\sqrt{ksp}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]s=\sqrt{2\times10^{-9}}[/tex]
[tex]s=4.4\times10^{-5}\ M[/tex]
(b). We need to calculate the solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in solution
Using formula of solubility
[tex]ksp=s\times s[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]2\times10^{-9}=s\times 0.289[/tex]
[tex]s=\dfrac{2\times10^{-9}}{0.289}[/tex]
[tex]s=6.92\times10^{-9}\ M[/tex]
Hence, (a). The solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in pure water is [tex]4.4\times10^{-5}\ M[/tex]
(b). The solubility of [tex]BaCO_{3}[/tex] in solution is [tex]6.92\times10^{-9}\ M[/tex]
Draw a Lewis structure for BCl3 and answer the following questions based on your drawing.
1. For the central boron atom:
A. The number of lone pairs = ___
B. The number of single bonds = ___
C. The number of double bonds = ___
2. The central boron atom __
A. Obeys the octet rule
B. Has an incomplete octet.
C. Has an expanded octet.
Answer:
1. For the central boron atom:
A. The number of lone pairs = 0.
B. The number of single bonds = 3.
C. The number of double bonds = 0.
2. The central boron atom B. Has an incomplete octet.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, as shown on the attached picture containing the required Lewis structure of boron chloride, we can see that:
1. For the central boron atom:
A. The number of lone pairs = 0 since all the three valance electrons are bonded with the chlorine atoms.
B. The number of single bonds = 3 as each chlorine atom needs only one bond to obey the octet.
C. The number of double bonds = 0 considering the previous explanation.
2. The central boron atom B. Has an incomplete octet since it reaches six electrons only from its initial three and other three provided by the three chlorine atoms.
Regards.
Which of the following is considered a form of technology?
Select one:
a. A line of thought used to explain logically what happened in an experiment.
b. A beaker used in an experiment.
C. A series of procedures followed in an experiment.
d. The ethical practice of considering human and animal rights in research studies.
Answer:
B. a beaker used in an experiment
Explanation:
Which number has four significant figures? 0.05730 meters 40.007 meter 0.00073 meter 8765 meter
Answer:
All non-zero digits are significant
Explanation:
Nonmetallic elements form ions by _______ valence electrons to complete their outer shell. The ______ valence electrons an element has in its outer shell, the easier it is to complete. The _______ electron shells an element has, the easier it is to fill its outermost shell. Reactivity in nonmetals _______ as you go from left to right in a group, and ______ as you go from top to bottom.
Answer:
Nonmetallic elements form ions by gaining valence electrons to complete their outer shell.
The more valence electrons an element has in its outer shell, the easier it is to complete.
The fewer electron shells an element has, the easier it is to fill its outermost shell.
Reactivity in nonmetals increases as you go from left to right in a group, and
decreases as you go from top to bottom.
Explanation:
Nonmetallic elements form ions by gaining valence electrons to complete
their outer shell.
The more valence electrons an element has in its outer shell, the easier it is to complete.
The fewer electron shells an element has, the easier it is to fill its outermost shell.
Reactivity in nonmetals increases as you go from left to right in a group, and decreases as you go from top to bottom.
When there are more valence electrons then it makes it easy for the element
to complete its outermost shell as against if it was less as it would be harder
due to a bigger number of electrons needed.
Non metals are elements which accepts valence electrons to complete its
outermost shell and becomes negatively charged when this happens.
When an element has fewer electron shells then filling the outermost shell
will be easier as the electron shells require a lesser number of electrons and
increases as the number of shells increases.
This is because the tendency to accept electrons increases from left to right
and decreases down the group.
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