The concept of a solute taking on properties of the solvent is referred to as solvation. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the solvent molecules surround and interact with the solute molecules. This interaction can alter the physical and chemical properties of the solute.
In part 1 of the experiment, this concept was exhibited when the solute was dissolved in the solvent and took on the properties of the solvent.
By examining the resulting solution, it was possible to observe the changes in the solute as it was influenced by the solvent. The physical appearance, as well as the chemical behavior, of the solute can change after being dissolved in the solvent.
The relationship between the solute and solvent is important in various fields including chemistry, biology, and pharmacology, as it helps to determine the solubility, stability, and reactivity of the solute in the solvent.
By understanding the properties of the solvent and how they impact the solute, researchers can optimize the conditions for various processes, including drug delivery and chemical reactions.
In conclusion, the concept of a solute taking on properties of the solvent was demonstrated in part 1 of the experiment. The solvation process, in which the solute is surrounded and interacts with the solvent, can greatly influence the physical and chemical properties of the solute.
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6.02 Phase changes
In order to go from solid to liquid heat must be added to the matter. This process is called melting. More energy must be added to transition from liquid to gas. This process is called boiling.
In order to go from a solid to a liquid, heat must be added to the matter. This process is called melting.
What is melting ?Melting is the process of changing from a solid state to a liquid state. This process occurs when the temperature of the material increases and it can no longer remain in its solid form. During this process, the molecular structure of the material is disrupted, allowing the molecules to move around and form a liquid. Melting can occur with a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and even some organic compounds. The temperature at which a particular material melts depends on its composition and structure, as well as the surrounding environment. In many cases, melting can be a beneficial process, allowing materials to be reshaped or combined into new forms.
Melting occurs when the kinetic energy of the particles in the solid increase to the point where they can move past each other, forming a liquid. To transition from a liquid to a gas, more energy must be added. This process is called boiling. Boiling occurs when the kinetic energy of the liquid particles increase to the point where they can escape the surface of the liquid, forming a gas.
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explain why the dipole moment of NH3 (1.46D) is more than that of NF3 (0.24D)?
Ammonia has a dipole moment (1.47D) that is greater than NF 3's dipole moment (0.24D). For both molecules, the molecular geometry is pyramidal. Each molecule has one lone pair on the N atom. F is more electronegative than H, and the link between them is more polar.
Thus, it is anticipated that NF 3 will have a substantially greater dipole moment than NH 3. However, the contrary is true because, in the case of ammonia, the bond pair and lone pair dipole moments have the same direction, whereas, in the case of NF 3, they have the opposite direction.
Individual dipole moment vectors add in the ammonia molecule but cancel in the NF 3 molecule.
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gaseous ethane reacts with gaseous oxygen gas to produce gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water . what is the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide formed from the reaction of of ethane and of oxygen gas? round your answer to significant figures.
Therefore, 96.768 grams of carbon dioxide is the theoretical yield.
Stoichiometry is largely used in chemistry to balance chemical reactions. The relationship between the physical alterations of two or more chemical elements during a chemical reaction is also determined using this method.
Given data
Mass of the ethane = 20.2 g
Mass of oxygen gas is m。 = 125 g
The molar mass of the ethane is Me = 30.07 g/mol
The molar mass of the oxygen is M = 16 g/mol
The number of moles of ethane is calculated as,
nm = me/Me
= (20.2g)/(30.07g / m * ol) = 0.672mol
The necessary chemical process is illustrated below.
2C2H6 + 702 → 4CO2 + 6H2O
Two moles of ethane and seven moles of oxygen are reacting in the reaction shown above to produce four moles of oxygen and six moles of water. Because there are fewer moles of ethane than there are of oxygen in this chemical reaction, it acts as the limiting reagent. Therefore, the amount of ethane is exactly equal to the amount of carbon dioxide in moles.
Consequently, the theoretical carbon dioxide yield is determined as follows:
Yield equals = ne(4 Mc + 6 Mo).
= (96.768 g) (0.672 mol) (4 12 g/mol + 6 16 g)
=96.768 grams
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Gaseous ethane (CH3CH3) reacts with gaseous. oxygen gas (O2) to produce gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and gaseous water (H2O). What is the theoretical yield of cartoon dioxide formed from the reaction of 20.2 g of ethane and 125 g of oxygen gas? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits in it.
__________ electrons are the most important electrons to an atom.
Responses
A InnerInner
B OuterOuter
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B. The outer outer electron (valence electrons)... It is more important to an atom's chemical properties.
Which compound has the lowest boiling point?(a) CH3CH2OH(b) CH3CH2CH3(c) CH3OH.
The compound has the lowest boiling point is the correct option is (a) CH₃CH₂CH₃ compound.
The boiling point depends on the intermolecular force of the attraction. The stronger the intermolecular force of the attraction , the higher will be the boiling point of the compound. The intermolecular force present in the methanol and the ethanol present is the hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen increases the boiling point of the compound.
The hydrogen bonding is absent in the CH₃CH₂CH₃ that is propane, therefore this compound has the lowest boiling point. The ethanol has the higher boiling point.
Thus , propane has the lowest boiling point among the other compounds.
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What is the boiling point of CH4?
The boiling point of CH4 is −162 °C
What is boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it is known as the boiling point of the liquid. The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals one atmosphere is known as the typical boiling point of that substance.
At the same concentration, ionic solutes raise the boiling point more than nonionic solutes do. One of the collective properties is boiling point elevation. Only the quantity of particles in the solution is relevant. Because the intermolecular forces of attraction between methane molecules are so minimal, it has a low boiling point.
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how many oxygen atoms are in 20 molecules of dinitrogen tetroxide, n₂o₄?
There are 80 oxygen atoms present in 20 molecules of dinitrogen tetroxide, N₂O₄.
Steps to be followed to calculate the number of atoms.
For calculating the number of atoms first step is to calculate the number of moles.If the mass of an element or a compound is given then divide the given mass by the molar mass of the element or the compound to find the number of moles.In 1 mole of a substance, the number of atoms denoted as N which equals to 6.023 × 10²³ atoms.Multiply the given moles with N to find the total number of atoms.In one molecule of N₂O₄, 4 oxygen atoms are present.
In 20 molecules of N₂O₄, there are 20 x 4 = 80 oxygen atoms
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Which of the following statements correctly describe different types of mixtures? Select all that apply.
- A heterogeneous mixture contains two or more different phases.
-The composition of any mixture is variable.
-Differences in particle size account for the main differences between solutions and colloids.
First and second statements are correct regarding different types of mixtures. A heterogeneous mixture contains two or more different phases, and the composition of any mixture is variable.
The first statement, "A heterogeneous mixture contains two or more different phases" is true because heterogeneous mixtures consist of two or more different phases, such as solids, liquids, and gases. Each phase has its own distinct properties, such as viscosity, density, and boiling point, which are determined by the components that make up each phase.
The second statement, "The composition of any mixture is variable" is also true. Mixtures can consist of any combination of the various components that make up the mixture, and the proportions of each component can vary. The different components of a mixture can be combined in a variety of ways, and the proportions of each component can be adjusted to obtain the desired properties of the mixture.
Differences in particle size do not account for the main differences between solutions and colloids, as solutions contain particles that are small enough to be completely dissolved, while colloids contain particles that are larger and remain suspended in the mixture. The main difference is that solutions are homogeneous mixtures, while colloids are heterogeneous mixtures. Solutions are composed of molecules that are small enough to be evenly distributed throughout the mixture, while colloids contain particles large enough to remain suspended in the mixture, creating a heterogeneous mixture.
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Which compounds do not have the same empirical formula?
a) C2H2, C6H6
b) CO, CO2
c) C2H4, C3H6
d) C2H4O2, C6H12O6
e) C2H5COOCH3, CH3CHO
CO, CO₂ compounds do not have the same empirical formula among the followings.
Option B is correct.
What exactly are empirical formulas?The chemical formula of a compound known as an empirical formula only reveals the ratios (proportions) of the elements that are contained within the compound and not the actual number or arrangement of atoms. This would be the element in the compound with the lowest whole number ratio.
The empirical formula, which is defined as the ratio of subscripts to the smallest possible whole number of the elements in the formula, is the simplest formula for a compound.
Why does empirical formula exist?Most of the time, the empirical formula is used to just show what elements are in a molecule. When someone wants to quickly see what they're dealing with, this is helpful. When determining the number of elemental atoms in a compound, the molecular formula is most useful.
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what type of water has higher concentration of solutes compared to inside the cell
In comparison to the solute concentration inside cells, a hypotonic has a larger solute concentration. Red blood cells should never be placed in hypertonic solutions.
What do blood cells do?The major job of the red blood cell is to transport oxygen from our lungs and distribute it all throughout our body. Additionally, red blood cells carry wastes like atmospheric co2 back to the lungs for exhalation. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that allows them to transport oxygen.
What kind of blood cells are crucial?From our lungs, red blood cells transport oxygen to the rest of their systems. The carbon dioxide is then transported back to our lungs, where it is expelled.
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how many molecular orbitals would be obtained by combining three atomic p orbitals? provide a specific neutral compound where this is relevant. (hint: it will have 3 contiguous sp2 atoms).
4 hybrid sp3 orbitals
Four sp3 hybrid orbitals emerge from the hybridization of a s orbital with each of the three p orbitals (px, py, and pz).
The binding angle between the sp3 hybrid orbitals is 109.5 degrees. Tetrahedral molecular structure can be explained via sp3 hybridization. It produces four sp3 orbitals, each of which is made up of 75% p character and 25% s character, by the hybridization of the two 2s orbitals and all three of the two 2p orbitals. We shall use carbon as an example because of how important it is to organic chemistry. The three 2p orbitals and the two 2s orbitals of carbon combine to generate four sp3 orbitals. Following an sp3-s orbital overlap, these orbitals join with four hydrogen atoms to form methane. The outcome shape is tetrahedral, since that minimizes electron repulsion.
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sand and other granular materials, definitely flow; that is, they can be poured from a contrainer or a hopper. is sand a fluid
No, sand is not a fluid.
Fluids are materials that can flow and take the shape of their container. They have a definite volume but not a definite shape. On the other hand, solids have a definite shape and volume. Sand and other granular materials have both the characteristics of solids and fluids. This is why they are often referred to as "granular solids".
When granular solids are poured from a container, they tend to flow like a fluid due to the interparticle forces acting between the grains. However, when the grains come to rest, they will form a solid pile with a definite shape. So, while sand and other granular materials can behave like fluids, they are still considered solids.
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What is the name of this element? (spell out the element name, no symbol) Please Help!!!
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
This element has 8 protons (it doesn't matter if x or y are the protons, they both still have 8 of them), which means that the element is 8, otherwise known as Oxygen.
in a dilution problem, if you are solving for a final concentration (), it should be ____________ than the initial concentration ()
lower than. The moles per unit volume represent the concentration. Less moles exist in the same volume of the solution when it is diluted, resulting in a lower concentration.
Dilutions. The concentration of an aqueous solution falls when more water is added to it. This is due to the fact that while the total volume of the solution grows, the number of moles of the solute does not.
Dilution is the process in question. The following equation, M1V1 = M2V2, can be used to compare the concentrations and volumes before and after a dilution:
M1 and V1 stand for the molarity and volume of the initial concentrated solution, while M2 and V2 stand for the molarity and volume of the final diluted solution.
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According to the VSEPR theory, which one of the following species is linear?
A) H2S B) HCN C) BF3 D) H2CO E) SO2
(B) HCN. According to the VSEPR theory, HCN species is linear. It features a triple bond between the C and N atoms and a bond angle of 180 degrees. It is a linear molecule.
What is VSEPR theory and how does it work?According to the theory, electron pairs organize themselves to reduce their magnetic attraction to one another. Lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair are the electron pair repulsions in decreasing order. Examples of molecules that follow the VSEPR model include 1.
What are the VSEPR theory's three underlying presumptions?Because they are negatively charged, electron pairs will go as far apart as they can. Space is taken up by lone pairs rather than bonded electron pairs. Compared to single bonds, double bonds take up more room.
What are the VSEPR's restrictions?Because it ignores the relative sizes of the substituents and stereochemically inactive lone pairs, the VSEPR model also fails to predict the structure of some compounds. The d-block elements tend to contain electron pairs that are stereochemically inactive and have relatively high atomic masses.
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Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons are called _____.
Isotopes.
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons are called Isotopes.
How much 350 mM Tris is needed to make 2 liters of a 0.1 M solution? How much water?
Tris=121g/mol
The 350 mM Tris is needed to make the 2 liters of the 0.1 M solution, The volume of the water is 0.571 L.
The initial molarity , M1 = 350 mM = 0.350 M
The final molarity , M2 = 0.1 M
The final volume , V2 = 2 L
The initial volume , V1 = ?
The expression is :
M1 V1 = M2 V2
Where ,
M1 = 0.350 M
M2 = 0.1 M
V1 = ?
V2 = 2 L
V1 = M2 V2 / M1
V1 = ( 0.1 × 2 ) / 0.350
V1 = 0.571 L
Thus, the volume of the Tris is 0.571 L.
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if such an isotope existed, which one would be best to use for establishing the age of an archeological site that is about 50,000 years old?
Researchers frequently employ radiocarbon dating to establish an archaeological site's age.
The basis for this technique is the radioactive decay of carbon-14 (14C) into nitrogen-14 (14N). The best results from radiocarbon dating come from materials that are older than 50,000 years.
If an isotope with a half-life longer than carbon-14 were to exist, it would probably be based on the decay of a radioactive isotope that was suitable for dating materials older than 50,000 years. For this reason, isotopes like aluminum-26 and beryllium-10 are being researched. These isotopes haven't been employed for dating in a lot of places, though.
In conclusion, there isn't a single "optimal" isotope for dating archaeological sites that are 50,000 years or older. The most popular technique for this is radiocarbon dating, however other approaches are being researched for use in dating ancient materials.
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What is the molar mass
of the element
magnesium, Mg?
[?]
g
/
mol
The molar mass of magnesium is 24g/mol. The mass with one mole of a chemical in grams is known as its molar mass.
What is molar mass?The mass with one mole of a chemical in grams is known as its molar mass and molecular mass. The term can also mean "mass per mole." The total mass of the atoms in one mole of a material is its molar mass.
Grams/mol is the measurement of molar mass. A mole of any material (atoms, molecules, etc.) has a standard value of 6.023 1023 units, which is the unit used as a reference in chemistry. It is sometimes referred to as Avogadro's number and is denoted by the symbol NA. A key formula inside the mole notion is molar mass. The molar mass of magnesium is 24g/mol.
Therefore, the molar mass of magnesium is 24g/mol.
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Which of the following statements are true of chemical reactions?
a. In a synthesis reaction, bonds are formed.
b. The body's chemical reactions take place in water.
c. Synthesis reactions are directly necessary for energy release from food.
d. In a decomposition reaction, bonds are broken.
e. Digestion of food involves decomposition reactions.
f. The ionization of a molecule of sodium chloride is a synthesis reaction.
Answer: the answers are A, B, D, E, and F
Of the following factors, which will affect the rate of reaction?a)Eab)Keqc)ΔSd)ΔGe)Temperaturef)ΔH
a) Ea, e) Temperature, f) ΔH will affect the rate of reaction.
The rate of reaction is influenced by the temperature, enthalpy change, and activation energy (Ea). With a larger activation energy, the reaction will continue more slowly because it requires more energy to do it. As the temperature rises, the kinetic energy of the species that are reacting will rise as well, increasing the likelihood that they will collide and produce enough energy to overcome the activation energy and cause a reaction. A more exothermic reaction (with a larger negative H) will be more favourable and happen more quickly because the enthalpy change (H) is connected to the energy involved in breaking and creating bonds throughout the reaction.
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in a solution ______ (select all that apply) -the solvent is usually the substance present in the greatest quantity
-the solvent generally reacts with the solutes
-one or more solutes may be present
-the solvent is always water
-ions are always present
A) In a solution, the solvent is often the component that is present in the highest concentration.
What substance is present in the largest amount?The remover The substance(s) present in the greatest amount in any solution, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, are the solvent(s), and the substance(s) present in the lower amount(s) are the solute(s) (s).
What part does a solvent play?Term in this set (6) A liquid that dissolves things is called a solvent. Solvable substances are those that can dissolve in a certain solvent. A substance is said to be insoluble if it cannot dissolve in a specific solvent.
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melanie needs to mix a 10% acid solution with a 60% acid solution to create 100 milliliters of a 45% solution. how many milliliters of each solution must melanie use?
70 ml of 10% of fungicide solution to be mixed with,30 ml of 60% of fungicide solution to get 100 ml,of 25% of fungicide solution.
A fungicide solution is what?Pesticides known as fungicides work to eradicate or stop the development of fungi & their spores.They are effective against rusts, mildews, and other plant-damaging fungi.They could also be applied elsewhere to manage mold and mildew.
What fungicide is the most effective?According to Mueller, the most popular class of fungicides worldwide is the triazole family.These locally systemically fungicides are not absorbed by the leaf but rather travel up and down the plant.Triazole pesticides (Folicur, Domark) block an enzyme involved in the formation of fungal sterol.
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when does the kinetic molecular theoyr break
One of the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory that fails at low temperatures is the assertion that there are no attractive or repulsive forces between the gas particles.
For beginners, what is kinetic molecular theory?According to the kinetic molecular theory, collisions between gas particles occur in perfect elastic motion and are always in motion. Boyle's and Charles's laws can both be explained by the kinetic molecular theory. Only absolute temperature directly affects a group of gas particle's average kinetic energy.
What are KMT's two fallacious presumptions?A gas's molecules do not interact with one another in an attractive or repelling manner. The volume of a gas's molecules is quite little in comparison to the void that exists between them.
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the compound cacl2 is made up of which ions?
The compound CaCl₂ is made up of the ions : the cation is Ca²⁺ and the anion is 2Cl⁻.
The dissociation of the compound , calcium chloride ( CaCl₂) :
CaCl₂ ------> Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
The ions present in the compound , calcium chloride is :
The cation is Ca²⁺
The anion is 2Cl⁻
The calcium chloride is an ionic compound. The ionic compound is the compound is formed between the positively charged species cation and the negatively charged species called as anion. The ionic compound is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from the one atom to the other atom.
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Referring to the figure, select whether each statement below is true or false. ((Given))
1) Resting potential is generated mainly by the outward movement of K+ ions from inside the cell.
2) The voltage changes shown in the figure are measured just across the plasma membrane
3) The changes in voltage seen at #2 and #4 in the figure are caused by similar movements, in the same direction, of the same types of ions across the membranes.
4) The trace in the figure is following the voltage change as it moves down the axon.
5) The voltage change shown in the figure is an all-or-nothing response.
1) Resting potential is generated mainly by the outward movement of K+ ions from inside the cell. (True)
2) The voltage changes shown in the figure are measured just across the plasma membrane (True)
3) The changes in voltage seen at #2 and #4 in the figure are caused by similar movements, in the same direction, of the same types of ions across the membranes.(false)
4) The trace in the figure is following the voltage change as it moves down the axon. (false)
5) The voltage change shown in the figure is an all-or-nothing response. (True)
Definition of Electric VoltageElectric Voltage is the amount of energy needed to move a unit of electric charge from one place to another. The electric voltage expressed in volts is also often referred to as the electric potential difference because basically the electric voltage is a measure of the potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
An object is said to have a higher electric potential than other objects because the object has a greater amount of positive charge than the number of positive charges on other objects. While what is meant by electric potential itself is the amount of charge contained in an object.
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brass is the solution in which a solid is dissolved in a(n)
Brass is the solution in which a solid is dissolved in a solid
What is solution?If we talk about a solution we know that something have been dissolved in another. This is the key conscept when we talk of a solution. We often think of teh dissolution of a solid olr a gas in a liquid when the word solution does pop up.
Has it ever occured to you that a solid can also be dissolved ion a solid? Oh yes! This is what we call the alloys. There is an alloy when there is the solution of a solid in a solid such as brass.
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Brass is the solution in which a solid is dissolved in a solid and is therefore denoted as option D.
What is a Solid?
This is one of the four fundamental states of matter and the molecules are usually closely packed together and contain the least amount of kinetic energy.
Brass is a solution of zinc in copper. Brass is proposed by mixing molten zinc with molten copper and cooling their mixture which brings about them being homogenous.
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The full question:
brass is the solution in which a solid is dissolved in a(n)Select one:
a. gas
b. liquid
c. water
d. solid
where does desalinated water originally come from?
how does the citric acid cycle produce most of the energy used by the cell. explain how this is possible.
The cycle begins with the conversion of the molecule acetyl-CoA into citrate molecules.
After this, a series of eight enzyme-catalyzed reactions occur, which result in the production of two molecules of carbon dioxide, one molecule of NADH and FADH2, one molecule of ATP, and one molecule of the intermediate compound oxaloacetate. The NADH and FADH2 molecules are then used in the electron transport chain, which produces a large amount of ATP. This ATP is used to power a variety of cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, cell growth, and transport of molecules across the cell membrane.
The cycle continues by reconverting the oxaloacetate back into acetyl-CoA so that the cycle can begin again. This cycle is able to produce large amounts of energy due to the multiple electron carriers and the efficient use of energy in each step of the cycle.
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calculate the molarity of 2.00 l of solution that contains 200.0 g of naoh
The molarity of the solution that contains 200.0 g of naoh is 5.00 mol / 2.00 L = 2.50 M.
The molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters. To find the number of moles of NaOH, we first need to find its molar mass:
NaOH = Na (23 g/mol) + O (16 g/mol) + H (1 g/mol) = 40 g/mol
So, 200.0 g of NaOH is equal to 200.0 g / 40 g/mol = 5.00 mol of NaOH
And the molarity of the solution is 5.00 mol / 2.00 L = 2.50 M.
The molarity of a solution is the number of moles of solute present in 1 liter of the solution. To calculate the molarity of a solution, divide the number of grams of solute by the molar mass of the solute and then divide that by the volume of the solution in liters. In this case, divide 200.0 g of NaOH by its molar mass, divide the result by 2.00 L to find the molarity.
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