19. When using a flexible budget, what will happen to fixed costs as the activity level increases within the relevant range

The historic common law principle that enables employers to hire or fire employees without prior notice or cause is known as termination a term employee is fired for cause during the term specified.

The employer may do so without being held responsible for any damages. An employee is deemed to have been fired at the conclusion of such a contract until a new Contract is supplied or the provisions of the existing contract are altered. As in the majority of other countries, employees in India who are fired by their employers frequently given one month's notice or payment in lieu of notice. Either party may end a contract with the other's approval or agreement, or both parties may do so. There are numerous ways for a contract to be formed.

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The historic common law principle that enables employers to hire or fire employees without prior notice or cause is known as ?

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Thus, the times-interest-earned ratio for Burnaby Mountain Trading Company in 2017 is 3. This means that the company's earnings were three times greater than its interest expense, indicating that it has a comfortable buffer to cover its debt obligations.

The times-interest-earned ratio is a metric that measures a company's ability to meet its interest obligations on outstanding debt.

Therefore, the times-interest-earned ratio for 2017 is calculated as follows:

Times-interest-earned ratio = EBIT / Interest expense
Times-interest-earned ratio = $18,000 / $6,000
Times-interest-earned ratio = 3

So, the times-interest-earned ratio for Burnaby Mountain Trading Company in 2017 is 3. This means that the company's earnings were three times greater than its interest expense, indicating that it has a comfortable buffer to cover its debt obligations.

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The customers attending the matinees typically have more flexible schedules and may have more free time during the day. This is because matinee showings are usually scheduled earlier in the day.

A matinee is a term used to refer to a daytime showing of a movie, play, or other theatrical or musical performance. Typically, matinees are scheduled in the afternoon, before the evening performance. Overall, matinees provide a convenient option for people to enjoy entertainment during the day, and are often a great choice for families or those looking for a more affordable option to enjoy a show or event.

Matinees are popular among those who prefer to see shows during the day or who may not be able to attend an evening performance due to other commitments. Matinee tickets may also be priced lower than evening tickets, making them more affordable for families or those on a budget. In addition to movies and live performances, matinees may also refer to daytime showings of other events such as sporting events or museum exhibits.

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Overall, the choice to buy computer equipment would have the most immediate impact on the growth of the economy, while saving the money in a bank could have a more long-term impact. Keeping the money in a closet would have no impact on economic growth.

Each of these actions would have a different effect on the growth of the economy: Saving the $500 in a bank: This would not have an immediate impact on the economy. The bank would use the money to make loans or investments, which could help stimulate economic growth in the future.

Buying computer equipment: This would stimulate economic growth in the short term, as it would create demand for the equipment and potentially lead to job creation in the manufacturing and distribution of the equipment. Keeping it in your closet: This would have no impact on the growth of the economy, as the money would not be circulating in the economy to create demand for goods and services.

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However, assuming that the question is referring to strategic decisions, the addition of a new production line with newer technology would be consistent with strategic decisions.

It involves evaluating long-term goals and objectives, assessing potential risks and benefits, and making decisions that will impact the overall direction and success of the company. This type of decision-making process often involves gathering and analyzing a significant amount of data and information, considering multiple alternatives, and carefully weighing the pros and cons before making a final decision. Therefore, a long answer to this question would likely involve a discussion of the strategic decision-making process and how the addition of a new production line fits into that process.
Brushes and Co.'s consideration of adding a new production line with newer technology is consistent with "capital budgeting" decisions because these decisions involve the evaluation and selection of long-term investment projects that will generate cash flows and contribute to the growth and profitability of the company. In capital budgeting, businesses assess the potential returns and risks of investment projects to determine which ones are worth pursuing. In this case, Brushes and Co. are analyzing whether investing in a new production line will provide a favorable return on investment and align with the company's long-term goals.

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The term that measures how optimistic or pessimistic people are about the future health of the economy and how they will fair in the future is consumer confidence.

Consumer confidence is a main indicator of the overall health of the economy and is often used by economists to predict future spending patterns and economic growth. It is a measure of how confident consumers are in their current financial situation and their expectations for the future. A high level of consumer confidence indicates that people are more likely to spend money, while a low level of consumer confidence suggests that people may be more likely to save or hold onto their money.

Consumer confidence is a measure of how optimistic or pessimistic people are about the future health of the economy and their own financial situation. It is an important indicator because it can influence consumer spending, which plays a major role in overall economic growth. When people have high consumer confidence, they are more likely to spend money, which can stimulate economic growth. Conversely, when consumer confidence is low, people are more likely to save money, leading to decreased spending and potentially slower economic growth.

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The concept that best illustrates Sarah's optimism as a contributor to and product of her successful career accomplishments is the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy. This is the idea that a person's beliefs and expectations about themselves can influence their behavior and ultimately lead to outcomes that confirm those beliefs and expectations.

In Sarah's case, her optimistic outlook on life and her career likely led her to approach challenges with a positive attitude, persist in the face of setbacks, and take advantage of opportunities when they arose. This behavior likely led to her success in her career, which in turn reinforced her optimistic beliefs about herself and her abilities. This cycle of positive beliefs and behaviors leading to positive outcomes is the essence of the self-fulfilling prophecy.

It is important to note, however, that this cycle can also work in the opposite direction. Negative beliefs and expectations can lead to negative behaviors and outcomes, which can reinforce those negative beliefs and expectations. Therefore, it is crucial to cultivate positive beliefs and expectations about oneself in order to achieve success and fulfillment in life.

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The interest rate is a crucial concept in finance and economics, as it represents the cost of borrowing money or the return on invested funds.

Some of the different names for interest rate include the nominal rate, effective rate, annual percentage rate (APR), annual percentage yield (APY), discount rate, and yield to maturity (YTM). Each of these terms refers to a slightly different calculation or application of the interest rate, but all are used to measure the value of money over time and to make informed financial decisions.

Interest rate is the amount charged over and above the principal amount by the lender from the borrower. In terms of the receiver, a person who deposits money to any bank or financial institution also earns additional income considering the time value of money, termed as interest received by the depositor.

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Amanda buys a ruby for $330 for which she was willing to pay $340. The minimum acceptable price to the seller, Tony, was $140. So the transaction was beneficial for both parties.

Amanda's reservation price was $340, while Tony's minimum acceptable price was $140. The actual price they agreed upon was $330. This transaction resulted in a surplus for Amanda (consumer surplus) of $10 ($340 - $330), and a surplus for Tony (producer surplus) of $190 ($330 - $140). Overall, the transaction was beneficial for both parties.

Both Amanda and Tony benefit from this transaction as Amanda pays less than her maximum willingness and Tony receives more than his minimum acceptable price, as they were able to exchange the ruby at a price that was mutually beneficial.

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When a customer enters a day order to buy a certain number of shares at a certain price, the order is only valid for that day. However, if the customer decides to change the order to Good-Til-Canceled (GTC).

In this case, the registered representative should promptly update the customer's order from a day order to a GTC order. This is important because it ensures that the order remains open until the customer's desired price is reached or the order is canceled.

Failure to update the order could result in missed opportunities for the customer, and potentially, loss of business for the broker. Therefore, it is important for registered representatives to ensure that they promptly execute any customer requests to change the order type.

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The excess of VIE's total business fair value over the collective fair values of its net assets is recognized as goodwill.

In consolidating a Variable Interest Entity (VIE), the process involves combining the financial statements of the VIE and the primary beneficiary. When the VIE's total business fair value (the price that would be received in selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability) exceeds the collective fair values of its net assets (assets minus liabilities), the difference is recognized as goodwill. Goodwill is an intangible asset that represents the non-physical factors that contribute to a business's value, such as strong brand recognition, customer relationships, and intellectual property. In the context of consolidating a VIE, goodwill reflects the perceived value of the VIE's business beyond its identifiable net assets.

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The total initial cost of the machine is $10,245,000. Using straight-line depreciation over five years with no salvage value, the annual depreciation expense is $2,049,000 ($10,245,000 / 5 years) of Daily Enterprises.

The machine will generate incremental revenues of $4.3 million per year and incur incremental costs of $1.1 million per year. Therefore, the incremental operating profit before tax is $3.2 million ($4.3 million - $1.1 million). With a marginal tax rate of 35%, the taxes associated with the new machine are $1,120,000 (35% of $3.2 million).

To find the incremental free cash flows associated with the new machine, we need to account for depreciation, as it is a non-cash expense. The incremental operating profit after tax is $2,080,000 ($3.2 million - $1,120,000). Adding back the depreciation expense of $2,049,000, the incremental free cash flow for each year (1 to 5) is $4,129,000 ($2,080,000 + $2,049,000).

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A decrease in tax rates leads to an increase in disposable income, which means that individuals and businesses have more money to spend. This increase in spending creates a positive demand shock, which means that the demand for goods and services increases.

However, if the supply of goods and services is not able to keep up with the increased demand, then the result can be inflation. Inflation occurs when the overall level of prices for goods and services in an economy rises, which can erode the purchasing power of money.

A dramatic decrease in tax rates for all Americans over a period of several years leads to a massive, positive demand shock. Before the market has time to adjust, the result of this positive demand shock is a temporary increase in aggregate demand, which may cause higher output and price levels in the short run.

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The total accounting profit for the dry cleaning store can be calculated by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenues. In this case, the expenses include salaries ($35,000), supplies ($10,000), rent ($8,000), utilities ($2,000), and interest on a bank loan ($5,000). The total expenses amount to $60,000 ($35,000 + $10,000 + $8,000 + $2,000 + $5,000). The revenues for the first year of operation are $100,000.

To calculate the total accounting profit, subtract the total expenses from the total revenues:

Total accounting profit = Total revenues - Total expenses
Total accounting profit = $100,000 - $60,000
Total accounting profit = $40,000

So, the total accounting profit for the first year of operation is $40,000. It's important to note that this calculation does not take into account the owner's previous salary of $30,000 per year, which would be considered an implicit cost. Accounting profit focuses on explicit costs, such as those listed above, and does not include implicit costs, which are the opportunity costs of using resources that are not directly paid out by the business.

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Reminder advertising is most appropriate when the product has achieved a well-recognized position.

Reminder advertising is a form of advertising that reinforces the brand and reminds consumers of the product's existence and the benefits it offers. This type of advertising is particularly effective for products that have already gained widespread recognition and a solid customer base. At this stage, the primary goal is to maintain customer loyalty and keep the product top-of-mind for consumers.

Reminder advertising is less effective in the introduction stage of the product life cycle since the primary objective is to build brand awareness and stimulate demand. It is also less useful in highly competitive markets where the emphasis is on differentiation and brand building. In summary, reminder advertising is most appropriate for mature products in a stable market environment.

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Government spending conducted for the purpose of achieving full employment or price stability is an example of fiscal policy.

Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. When the government spends money to create jobs or stimulate economic activity, it is engaging in expansionary fiscal policy. Conversely, when the government reduces spending or increases taxes to slow down the economy and control inflation, it is engaging in contractionary fiscal policy.

The goal of fiscal policy is often to achieve full employment and price stability. Full employment is a state where everyone who wants a job can find one, while price stability refers to a situation where inflation is low and stable. By using fiscal policy tools, the government can try to influence the economy to achieve these goals.

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The final answer is O'Connor Company's most recent accounts receivable turnover is 23.08. This means that the company collected its average accounts receivable balance 23.08 times during the year.

To calculate the accounts receivable turnover, we need to divide net credit sales by the average accounts receivable balance. Since we only have the ending balances for Year 1 and Year 2, we'll need to estimate the average accounts receivable balance:

Average accounts receivable = (Beginning accounts receivable + Ending accounts receivable) / 2

For Year 2, the ending accounts receivable balance is $7,500. We don't have the beginning accounts receivable balance, but we can assume that it was similar to the Year 1 beginning balance of $5,500.

Therefore: Average accounts receivable = ($5,500 + $7,500) / 2 = $6,500

Now we can calculate the accounts receivable turnover:

Accounts receivable turnover = Net credit sales / Average accounts receivable= Accounts receivable turnover = $150,000 / $6,500 = 23.08

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One of the major factors that led to the savings and loan crisis in the late 1980s and early 1990s was the relaxed regulations on the savings and loan industry.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the government loosened restrictions on the types of investments that savings and loan institutions could make. This led to many savings and loan institutions investing in risky ventures such as real estate development projects, which ultimately proved to be unsuccessful. When these investments failed, many savings and loan institutions became insolvent and had to be bailed out by the government, resulting in a financial crisis.

In the case of the Savings and Loan Crisis, deregulation allowed savings and loan institutions to engage in riskier lending practices and investments, leading to a higher rate of loan defaults and financial instability. This ultimately contributed to the collapse of many savings and loan institutions and the need for a government bailout.

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The beta of the second stock in the portfolio must be approximately 1.274 in order for the portfolio to be equally as risky as the market, given that the beta of the first stock is 1.29.

Let's use the following variables to represent the portfolio weights and betas:

- w: weight of the risky assets in the portfolio (i.e., the combined weight of the two stocks)

- β1: beta of the first stock

- β2: beta of the second stock

Since the portfolio is equally invested in the risk-free asset and the two stocks, we know that the weight of each stock is w/2.

Since the portfolio is equally as risky as the market, we can use the following equation to solve for w:

1 = w/2 x β1 + w/2 x β2 + (1 - w) x 0

The first two terms represent the systematic risk of the two stocks, while the third term represents the risk-free asset with a beta of 0.

Simplifying the equation, we get:

1 = w/2 x (β1 + β2)

Rearranging, we get:

w = 2 / (β1 + β2)

We also know that the beta of the portfolio is the weighted average of the betas of the individual assets:

1.00 = w/2 x 0 + w/2 x 1.29 + (1 - w) x 0

1.00 = w/2 x 1.29

w = 0.78

Substituting w = 0.78 into the equation we derived earlier, we can solve for β2:

0.78 = 2 / (β1 + β2)

β1 + β2 = 2 / 0.78

β1 + β2 = 2.564

Since we know that β1 = 1.29, we can solve for β2:

β2 = 2.564 - 1.29

β2 = 1.274

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IRS agents and state and federal bank examiners are examples of external auditors.

An auditor is an individual or a corporation that a company hires to carry out an audit. A person must be certified by the organization that oversees accounting and auditing, as well as meet other requirements, to function as an auditor.

The financial accounts of businesses are examined by auditors to make sure they are accurate and legal. Auditors examine the financial records of businesses as well as other organizations to make sure they are accurate and compliant with the law.

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a. Debit Mixing Department Direct Labor and Shaping Department Direct Labor for $105,000 and $95,000 respectively; credit Factory Wages Payable for $200,000.
b. Debit Manufacturing Overhead for $25,000; credit Factory Wages Payable for $25,000.

To record the direct labor incurred in both the Mixing and Shaping departments, you need to make the following journal entries:
a. Mixing Department Direct Labor (Debit) - $105,000
  Shaping Department Direct Labor (Debit) - $95,000
  Factory Wages Payable (Credit) - $200,000
These entries show that $105,000 of direct labor was incurred in the Mixing department and $95,000 in the Shaping department, and both amounts are credited to Factory Wages Payable, totaling $200,000.
For the indirect labor incurred:
b. Manufacturing Overhead (Debit) - $25,000
  Factory Wages Payable (Credit) - $25,000
This entry shows that $25,000 of indirect labor was incurred and charged to Manufacturing Overhead, with a credit to Factory Wages Payable.

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This price is determined by a variety of factors, including the seller's average cost and marginal cost of producing the item, as well as the current market price.

A seller's reservation price is the minimum price they are willing to accept for their product or service.

In some cases, the seller's reservation price may be equal to the buyer's reservation price, indicating that both parties are willing to agree on the same price for the transaction.

However, this is not always the case, as the seller's costs and market demand can influence their reservation price. Ultimately, the seller's reservation price is a critical factor in determining the success of a sale and must be carefully considered in any negotiation.

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If consumer purchases of a good are not very sensitive to the price of the good, this is illustrated by a inelastic demand.

When an item or service's price changes, its static quantity is said to be inelastic. Consumers' buying habits essentially remain unchanged regardless of whether a good or service's price goes up or down. The same is true if the price of the good or service decreases.

The demand for an item or service that is totally inelastic would not fluctuate regardless of price; nevertheless, no such product or service currently exists. Inelastic is the opposite of elastic, which experiences significant variations in demand anytime the price changes.

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Compound interest is earned at a fixed rate, while the average based on an investment's past performance is known as the "rate of return."

Rate of return term refers to the profit or loss that an investment generates over a certain period of time. Unlike compound interest, the rate of return is not fixed and can vary depending on market conditions and other factors that affect the investment's performance. Investors often use the rate of return as a way to evaluate the success of their investment strategies and to compare different investment opportunities. It is important to note that the rate of return does not guarantee future performance and is only a measure of past results.

Compound interest is earned at a fixed rate, while the "historical return" is an average based on an investment's past performance. Compound interest refers to the interest earned on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods, while historical return helps investors analyze and predict the potential future performance of an investment by considering its past performance. Both concepts are essential in understanding how investments grow over time, but they differ in terms of how they are calculated and used in financial planning.

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Kelsey's signed listing agreement with Tom Smith Realty, with Ivy as her agent, is a legally binding contract that outlines the terms and conditions of their agreement. The agreement sets out the duration of the listing, the commission rate, and the conditions for termination.

Several events could terminate the listing agreement, such as mutual agreement, completion of the sale, or breach of contract. However, some events may not necessarily terminate the listing agreement.  One such event that would not terminate the listing agreement is if Tom Smith Realty goes out of business or is acquired by another company. In this situation, the listing agreement remains in effect, and Ivy continues to represent Kelsey until the end of the listing period.

It's important to note that the terms of the listing agreement should be carefully reviewed to determine the events that could terminate the agreement. If there is any uncertainty or confusion about the terms, it's recommended that you seek legal advice to avoid any potential disputes or misunderstandings.

In summary, while several events could terminate a listing agreement, the termination clause should be examined carefully to determine which events could and could not terminate the agreement. The answer to your question is that Tom Smith Realty going out of business or being acquired by another company would not terminate the listing agreement.

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Without government regulation, natural monopolies never earn zero profit in the long run.  False

Without government regulation, natural monopolies can still earn zero profit in the long run if there is sufficient competition from potential entrants or if there is a threat of entry. Natural monopolies are characterized by economies of scale, which means that their average costs decrease as they produce more output. However, this does not necessarily mean that they will earn excessive profits in the long run if there is competition or the threat of entry from other firms.

In the absence of regulation, potential competitors may enter the market if they can achieve similar economies of scale or if they can offer a differentiated product that is more attractive to consumers. As a result, the natural monopoly may face competitive pressures that limit its ability to earn excessive profits.

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The standard quantity of material used to manufacture each helmet is 1.69 pounds.

To determine the standard quantity of material used to manufacture each helmet for DOT Safety Systems, we need to subtract the waste and rejected material from the total material required per helmet.

Total material required per helmet = Material required + Waste + Rejected material

Total material required per helmet = 1.20 + 0.16 + 0.33

Total material required per helmet = 1.69 pounds

Therefore, the standard quantity of material used to manufacture each helmet is 1.69 pounds.

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If the United States central bank sells government bonds on the open market, it will decrease the supply of dollars in the market, leading to an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar on the foreign exchange market.

This is because there will be fewer dollars available in the market, making the remaining dollars more valuable relative to other currencies. An increase in the value of the U.S. dollar, in turn, will make U.S. exports more expensive for foreign buyers, potentially reducing the demand for U.S. goods and services. This is because foreign buyers will need to pay more in their own currency to purchase U.S. goods, which can make them less attractive and competitive compared to similar goods produced in other countries.

Therefore, if the United States central bank sells government bonds on the open market, it may have the effect of increasing the value of the U.S. dollar on the foreign exchange market and potentially reducing U.S. exports. However, it is important to note that the relationship between exchange rates and exports is complex and depends on a variety of factors, including the nature of the goods being exported and the overall state of the global economy.

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The correct answer to the multiple choice question is "the Internet; retail stores." One advantage of using the Internet to shop compared to retail stores is that it is much easier to comparison shop for the best price.

The Internet provides shoppers with a vast array of options to choose from, allowing them to compare prices and products from various retailers all in one place. This means that shoppers can quickly and easily find the best deal without having to physically visit multiple retail stores. Additionally, many online retailers offer special promotions, discounts, and deals that are not available in stores, providing an added advantage to shopping online.

Catalogs, on the other hand, are a more traditional form of shopping that can be used in conjunction with either retail stores or the Internet. Catalogs offer a convenient way for shoppers to browse through products and make purchases from the comfort of their own home. However, catalogs do not offer the same level of comparison shopping as the Internet, as shoppers are typically limited to the products and prices offered by the specific catalog they are using.

Overall, the Internet provides a significant advantage to shoppers when it comes to comparison shopping for the best price. Its vast array of options and ease of use make it an ideal platform for finding the best deals and discounts, making it a popular choice for many modern consumers. So, the correct answer to the multiple choice question is "the Internet; retail stores."

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