18-38 Name the following ketones and aldehydes. When possible, give both a common name and an IUPAC name.
(a) CH₃CO(CH₂) ₄CH₃
(b) CH₃(CH₂)₂CO(CH₂)₂CH₃
(c) CH₃(CH₂)CHO₅
(d) PhCOPh
(e) CH₃CH₂CH₂O
(f) CH₃COCH₃
(g) CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₂CH(CH₃)CHO
(h) Ph --- CH = CH ----CHO
(i) CH₃CH= CH---CH = CH --CHO

The states of matter and balanced equations are as follows:

Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed during chemical reactions, but atoms in the reactants do not disappear and new atoms do not form products. Chemical reactions do not create or destroy atoms. The same atoms that were present in the reactants are present in the products—they are just rearranged in different configurations. must exist in

The subscript is part of the formula and should not be changed once the reactant and product formulas have been determined. The coefficients indicate the number of each substance involved in the reaction and can be changed to balance the equation.

In the presence of heat Gold (ll) acetate decomposes:

Au(C₂H₃O₂)₂ (s) --> Au (s) + 2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (g)

Aluminum wire is added to the solution of nickel (ll) nitrate:

Al (s) + Ni(NO₃)₂ (aq) --> Al(NO₃)₃ (aq) + Ni (s)

A solution of sodium phosphate is added to the solution of ammonium chromate:

Na₃PO₄ (aq) + NH₄CrO₄ (aq) --> NaCrO₄ (aq) + NH₄PO₄ (aq)

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The global climate was colder than normal from 1650 to 1700. This conclusion is most likely correct. Therefore, option A is correct.

Global climate refers to how heat and precipitation are distributed over a lengthy period of time on Earth's surface. The average temperature of the planet is kept at roughly 60°F (16°C) by heat from the sun, which is within the range required for biological life and the preservation of the planet's liquid water reserves.

Global climate change is the collective term for all the Earth's average long-term changes. Along with changing precipitation patterns and higher temperatures, these also include the consequences of global warming, such as: rising sea levels alpine glaciers are thinning.

Thus, option A is correct.

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Your question is incomplete probably your question was

The graph below shows the averaged sunspots from 1610 to 2007. The graph shows sunspot number on the y axis and years 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1850, 1900, 1950, and 2000 on the x axis. The graph rises and falls in a cyclic order in gaps of approximately 10 years. The number of sunspots observed in 1610 was 40, in 1650 it was 5, in 1700 it was 10, in 1750 it was 90 and the number of sunspots in 1800 was 50. The number of sunspots observed in 1850 was 130 and the number of sunspots in 1900 was 10. The number of sunspots observed in 1950 was 150 and the number of sunspots observed in 2000 was 30. Based on the graph, which of these conclusions is correct? Some of the previously warm regions became colder from 1650 to 1700. Some of the previously cold regions became warmer from 1600 to 1700. Some of the previously warm regions became warmer from 1610 to 1700. Some of the previously cold regions became colder from 1900 to 1950.

it reflects back into the glass with a 45 degree angle of reflection.

The direction of the light changes as it passes through the air-water barrier. Refraction is the name for this phenomenon. Filling a glass with water and inserting a straw will make it simple to see. It will seem as though the straw is shattered.

Because light travels at a different speed in air and water, refraction takes place. The electromagnetic properties of a specific medium, which differ for air and water, determine the speed at which a light wave propagates in that medium. The speed of light in the air is very near to the vacuum's speed of light, which is 3*108 m/s. The speed of light is slower underwater. Consequently, The direction of the light changes as it passes through the air-water barrier. Refraction is the name for this phenomenon. Filling a glass with water and inserting a straw will make it simple to see. It will seem as though the straw is shattered.

A form of break occurs in the wavefront of propagating light when it encounters the air-water barrier, causing the ray of light to diverge from its original path. (Please go to the reference link for a more thorough explanation and instructions on how to calculate the light's refraction angle.)

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Answer:

12.5 L

Explanation:

Part 1 - Finding Number of moles

First thing we need to find out is number of moles of oxygen gas. We can achieve this using the formula: PV=nRT

Pressure (Pa) x Volume (cubic meters) = no. moles x gas constant (8.31 J/K*mol) x Temperature (K)

We can rearrange this formula to solve for no. moles:[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex] and plug in the values to solve.

1 atm = 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa, therefore 1.76atm = [tex]1.76*1.01325*10^{5} =178332Pa[/tex]

1 L = 1 x 10^-3 m^3, therefore 5L = [tex]5*1*10^{-3}=5*10^{-3}m^{3}[/tex]

Finally Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15, therefore 37.0C = [tex]37.0+273.15=310.15K[/tex]

Substituting this all back into the formula we get:

[tex]n=\frac{(178332)(5*10^{-3})}{(8.31)(310.15)}[/tex]

[tex]n=\frac{891.66}{2577.3465}[/tex]

[tex]n=0.346[/tex] moles (3.s.f)

Part 2 - Balancing Equation

The equation given is not balanced so we need to balance it to find the correct molar ratio. We can start by balancing the oxygens as there are less of them. We can see that there are 2 oxygen atoms on the left as denoted by 'O2' but only one on the right in 'H2O', therefore we can add a two in front of the H2O on the right side to balance the oxygen atoms:

[tex]H_{2(g)} +O_{2(g)} - > 2H_{2} O_{(g)}[/tex]

Now we have four hydrogens on the right side so we have a 2 in front of H2 on the left hand side to balance the hydrogens:

[tex]2H_{2(g)} +O_{2(g)} - > 2H_{2} O_{(g)}[/tex]

And voila! The equation is balanced and shows the correct molar ratio.

Part 3 - Calculating moles of water

As we can see from the molar ratio in the balanced equation, every mole of O2 will produce two moles of H2O- the ratio is 1:2. As we have an excess of hydrogen, we only need to worry about the amount of oxygen we have. Therefore to calculate the number of moles of water that can be made we simply need to multiple by the ratio:

[tex]0.346*2=0.692[/tex] moles of water

Part 4 - Converting to Liters

Finally, to convert our amount of moles into volume, we can use water's molecular mass to find the mass and then its density to find its volume. Water's molecular mass is 18.02gmol^-1 (2x1.01+16.00) and its density is 997kg/m^3.

m=nM (mass = no. moles x molecular mass): m=[tex]0.692*18.02=12.46984g[/tex]

rho = m/v (density = mass/volume): [tex]997=12.46984/v[/tex], therefore [tex]v=0.0125m^{3}[/tex]

Finally as mentioned above, 1 L = 1 x 10^-3 m^3, therefore the volume of water that can be made is 12.5 Liters.

Magnesium is a metal that reacts quickly. The reaction with hydrochloric acid will result in the production of magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

Molecules, pressure, and temperature were necessary to determine the gas's volume. We only need to determine the moles of hydrogen because temperature and pressure have already been provided. As a result, 16.8 L of hydrogen were created at STP by dissolving 13.5 g of aluminum in sulfuric acid.

The chemistry is described below. According to the aforementioned reaction, 1 mole of magnesium and 2 moles of HCl are involved. The HCl moles are therefore 20.50mol=1mol 2 0.50 m o.

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A synthetic ingredient is a substance that has been synthesized in a lab using different chemical procedures. Its goal is to mimic a natural chemical to duplicate its structure and, consequently, its fragrance.

In most cases, it refers to a naturally occurring substance, like hyaluronic acid, which was formerly extracted from animals and has now been molecularly copied in a laboratory to provide the same results. Not everything that is manufactured or chemical is inherently harmful to you. Although not all synthetic cosmetic components are the same, some have been proven to be toxic, accumulate in the body over time, and have been associated with cancer as well as irritations of the skin and mucous membranes.

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Answer:

The mass of ammonium sulfate would be 8.86 x 1024 grams.

Explanation:

Ammonium sulfate is composed of four atoms of oxygen (O) and two atoms of nitrogen (N). Therefore, 4.43 x 1024 oxygen atoms would require 8.86 x 1024 grams of ammonium sulfate.

Ammonium sulfate is an inorganic compound composed of two nitrogen atoms (N) and four oxygen atoms (O). The molecular formula for ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4.

This means that for every two nitrogen atoms, there are four oxygen atoms. Therefore, for 4.43 x 1024 oxygen atoms, there would be 8.86 x 1024 grams of ammonium sulfate required.

Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate and direction of an object's motion.

a) The velocity of the fluid:

V = 35 gpm / (π * (1.05 in)^2 / 4) = 7.09 ft/s

b) Reynolds number:

Re = (62.3 lbm/ft^3 * 7.09 ft/s * 1.05 in) / (1.2 cP) = 4,211.9

[2]- a) Expression to find pressure of methane gas at point B:

PB = PA + rgh

b) Pressure of methane gas at point B:

PB = 1,000 psig + (0.072 lbm/ft^3 * 32.2 ft * 0.0689 psia/ft) = 1,233.5 psig

c) Pressure of oil at point C:

PC = PB - 0.433 psia/ft * 32.2 ft = 1,093.3 psig

[3]- Expression to find pressure of inlet water Pw needed to displace oil:

Pw = PC + (σ / r) * (h2 - h1)

Pw = 1,093.3 psig + (σ / 0.072 lbm/ft^3) * (32.2 ft - 0 ft) = 1,093.3 psig + (σ / 0.072 lbm/ft^3) * 32.2 ft.

What is velocity?

Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate and direction of an object's motion. It is commonly represented by the symbol 'v' and is measured in meters per second (m/s). Velocity includes both the speed and the direction of the object. For example, if an object is moving north at 10 m/s, its velocity would be 10 m/s north. Velocity can also be determined by taking the derivative of the position function with respect to time.

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The lewis structure of NO₃⁻ is trigonal planar and the Lewis structure of ozone (O₃) has a resonance form.

Lewis structures which are also often referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.

NO₃⁻ has a trigonal planar Lewis structure. It has one nitrogen atom, three oxygen atoms, and covalent bonds holding the three oxygen atoms together. The sp² hybridization of the nitrogen atom gives NO₃⁻- its trigonal planar structure.

Three oxygen atoms make up the oxygen allotrope known as ozone (O₃). One double bond and one single bond make up the Lewis structure of ozone. Additionally, two oxygen atoms in the Lewis structure of O3 carry charges.

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Answer: B is correct.

Explanation:

Answer A is a chemical change because of intense changes of color and expansion.

Answer C is a chemical change, as hydrogen and water are chemically bonding together.

Answer D is a chemical change because oxidation involves loss of electrons during a chemical reaction.

On the other hand, melting is a physical change. Therefore, answer B is the correct answer.

Option C. Sodium metal is soft and malleable is an example of a physical property.

A physical property can be defined as any feature of a substance that can be really observed and also measured without changing its chemical composition such as for example, the color, density of a metal, boiling point, conductivity, etc.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that physical properties have a significant impact on the performance and use of a given chemical product and they are associated with intrinsic features of the chemical material that forms molecules.

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Quantum number of the 3p¹ electron in aluminum is n=3.

Quantum numbers in quantum physics and chemistry explain the values of conserved quantities in a quantum system's dynamics. Quantum numbers are quantities that can be precisely known at the same time as the system's energy and are related to the eigenvalues of operators that commute with the Hamiltonian and their corresponding eigenspaces. A base state of a quantum system is fully described by the specification of all of its quantum numbers, which can theoretically be measured collectively.

The quantization of numerous interesting observable quantities is a crucial component of quantum physics.

This specifically results in quantum numbers, though they may occasionally reach infinity, that take values in discrete sets of integers or half-integers. This sets quantum mechanics apart from conventional mechanics.

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Answer:

empirical formula of the compound is CH2O

Explanation:

In KClO3, the proportions of K, Cl, and O are 31.9%, 28.9%, and 39.1%, respectively.

There are three ways to define bases and acids. A strong base and a strong acid, respectively, called KOH K O H and HClO3 H C l O 3, react to form KClO3 K C l O 3, a salt.

A powerful oxidising agent with several applications is potassium chlorate (KClO3). It is or has formerly been a part of fireworks, explosives, safety matches, and disinfectants. The disproportionation of sodium hypochlorite results in the formation of sodium chloride and sodium chlorate initially.

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As the class is of 1 hour and  and each student uses for 6 minutes so in 1 hour 10 students will use the balance.

A scale or balance is a device used to measure weight or mass. These are also known as mass scales, weight scales, mass balances, and weight balances.

The traditional scale consists of two plates or bowls suspended at equal distances from a fulcrum. One plate holds an object of unknown mass (or weight), while known masses are added to the other plate until static equilibrium is achieved and the plates level off, which happens when the masses on the two plates are equal.

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The mass of an atom of element Z is 4 amu. This can be determined by subtracting the mass of an atom of carbon (12 amu) and an atom of oxygen (16 amu) from double the mass of an atom of oxygen (32 amu). 32 amu - 12 amu - 16 amu = 4 amu.

An atom of carbon is a basic building block of all organic materials. It is the 6th element in the periodic table and has an atomic number of 6. Carbon atoms have 6 protons and 6 neutrons, and have a valence of 4. This means that carbon atoms can form four bonds with other atoms. Carbon is the basis of all life on Earth, as it is essential for the formation of proteins, fatty acids, and other molecules necessary for life. Carbon atoms have the ability to form a wide variety of molecules with different properties, which makes them highly versatile and important in many different fields, such as medicine and engineering. Carbon is a non-metal, but can behave like a metal in certain circumstances. It is also the basis of the fossil fuels that power our society.

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Based on Van't Hoff's law, the osmotic pressure of 5% glucose solution with 0.2%, 0.9%, and 10% sodium chloride solutions is 0821 liter atm K1mol1).

Boyle, Van't Hoff The rule of solution: In a delute solution, the osmotic pressure () is directly proportional to the molar concentration (C) or inversely proportional to the volume (V) of the solution at constant temperature. Reason: C but C = Vn.

Pi=iMRT is the formula for osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure increases with a solution's concentration (M) or temperature (T).

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to ore and bauxite. Therefore, Bauxite is best used for making wires. The correct option is option B.

Aluminum's primary source of supply is bauxite. Due to its small weight and ease of molding into fine wire or sheets, aluminum is particularly useful.

All across the world, bauxite may be found. The greatest deposits of this ore are in Australia and Guinea, an African nation. Although bauxite was initially found in France, it may now be found all over the world, such as the Caribbean.

Therefore, Bauxite is best used for making wires. The correct option is option B.

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Answer:

B. Chlorine gas is yellow-green in color.

According to the question the new pressure of the gas is: 6.5512 kPa

What is pressure?

Pressure is the force applied to a surface divided by the area of the surface on which the force is applied. It is measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). Pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, such as the weight of air, the weight of a liquid, or the force of a gas. Pressure is an important concept in many fields, including physics, engineering, and chemistry.

The ideal gas law can be used to determine the gas's new pressure:

PV = nRT

where R is the universal gas constant, n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume, and T is the temperature.

We know that V = 10.0L, n = 1.00 mole, R = 8.314 J/molK, and T = 800K.

As a result, the gas's new pressure is:

P = (1.00 mol * 8.314 J/molK * 800K) / 10.0L = 6.5512 kPa

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For the given reaction, according to Le -Chatlier principle adding a catalyst will bring the reaction to the right. Removing the hydrogen gas shift  the equilibrium to the left and increasing pressure also shift to right.

According to this principle, when some a disorder is affecting the equilibrium of the system. The system balanced the factors which created the disorder and make  a new equilibrium.

A catalyst always helps to proceed the reaction in the forward direction. Thus adding a catalyst shift the equilibrium to the right.

If any  reactant or produced is removed from the system, the system shifts to the equilibrium to that direction in which they are producing. Removing hydrogen gas will then shift the reaction to the right to produce more hydrogen.

Increasing pressure shift the equilibrium to those direction in which the number of number of moles of gases decreases. Hence, the reaction shifts to the right here.

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8 acidic oxides, take your pick <3

Aluminium oxide.

Silicon dioxide.

Phosphorus oxides.

Sulfur oxides.

Chlorine oxides.

Iron oxides.

Chromium oxides.

Vanadium oxides

The answer of the following question of concentration are:

c) The law expression for this reaction is k[A].

d) The value of k including its units is  on the specific reaction.

e) The half-life of the reaction is T1/2 = 0.693/k.

What is concentration?
Concentration in chemistry is a measure of the amount of a substance that is present in a given volume. It is usually expressed in terms of mass, moles, or volume.

c) The law expression for this reaction is rate = k[A], where k is the rate constant. This is because in a first-order reaction, the rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reactant.

d) The value of k depends on the specific reaction, and can be determined by measuring the reaction rate at different concentrations of A and plotting a graph of rate versus concentration of A.

e) The half-life of a first-order reaction is given by T1/2 = 0.693/k, where T1/2 is the half-life and k is the rate constant. The units of the half-life are seconds.

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The amount, in grams, of carbon required to produce 14 moles of methane according to the reaction would be 168.0 grams.

From the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of the carbon that reacts and the methane produced is 1:1. In other words, 1 mole of carbon will produce 1 mole of methane.

Thus, for the production of 14 moles of methane:

1 mole methane = 1 mole carbon

14 moles methane = 14 x 1/1 = 14 moles carbon.

Recall that, mass = mole x molar mass.

The molar weight of carbon is given as 12 g/mol

Mass of 14 moles carbon = 14 x 12 = 168 grams

In other words, for the illustrated reaction, the amount of carbon required to produce 14 moles of methane would be 168.0 grams.

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All of the ions in groupings 16 and 17 of nonmetals have a charge of -1. Spontaneous non-metals include brittle both thermally & electrically insensitive compounds.

Non-metals are elements that frequently gain electrons during chemical processes to generate anions. These substances are electronegative ones. They lack luster, are fragile, and are poor heat- and electricity-conductors (except graphite). Non-metals come in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms.

Lithium, Beryllium, Sodium, Mg, Aluminum, Potassium, & Calcium are the minerals within the first twenty elements. Hydrocarbons, Helium, Carbo, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrochloric acid, Neon, Phosphorous, Sulphur, Chlorinated, and Argon now comprise the non-metals that comprise the first twenty elements.

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Answer: Ionization energy

Explanation:

Your welcome

The amount, in grams, of water that can be made when 12.1 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are consumed would be 72.54 grams.

From the balanced equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] to water is 3:1.

This means that for every 3 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex], 1 mole of water will be produced.

3 mole [tex]HNO_3[/tex] = 1 mole water

12.1 moles HNO3 = 12.1x1/3

                             = 4.03 mol

Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass

The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol

Thus, the mass of 4.03 mol of water = 4.03 x 18 = 72.54 grams

In other words, going by the equation of the reaction, the mass of water that can be made when 12.1 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] are consumed would be 72.54 grams.

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The mass of 65% and 20% nitric acid that must be mixed to produce 4.5 kg of 30% nitric acid are 1.306 kg and 3.189 kg respectively.

The volume of 4.5 kg of 30% nitric acid is determined using the formula below:

The density of 30% nitric acid is 1.18 g/mL

The mass of the  30% nitric acid is 4.5 kg or 4500 g

Hence, the volume will be:

The volume of 30% nitric acid = 4500 / 1.18

The volume of 30% nitric acid = 3813.56 mL

The volume of 65% and 20% nitric acid required is then determined.

Let the volume of the 65% and 20% nitric acid be x and y respectively;

x + y = 3813.56 ---(1)

amount of acid in 3813.56 ml solution = 30% * 3813.56

amount of acid in 3813.56 ml solution = 1144.07 mL

therefore;

60% * x + 20% * y = 1144.07 mL

0.6x + 0.2y = 1144.07 ----(2)

Solving for x and y in the two equations

From (1), x = 3813.56 - y

Substitute x = 3813.56 - y in (2)

0.6(3813.56 - y) + 0.2y = 1144.07

0.4y = 1144.07

y = 2860.18 mL
x = 3813.56 - 2860.18

x = 953.38 mL

The mass of the acids required is then determined as follows:

The density of 60% nitric acid is 1.37 g/mL

Mass of 60% nitric acid required = 953.38 mL * 1.37 g/mL

Mass of 60% nitric acid required = 1306 g or 1.306 kg

The density of 20% nitric acid is 1.115 g/mL

Mass of 20% nitric acid required = 2860.18 mL * 1.115 g/mL

Mass of 20% nitric acid required = 3189 g or 3.189 kg

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Answer:

Possible reasons why EA, or electronegativity, is a positive quantity for oxygen atom include:

Explanation:

Answer:

The ideal gas law is a formula that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. It can be expressed as:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Since the number of moles and the temperature are constant in this problem, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the pressure:

P = (nRT) / V

Plugging in the known values, we get:

P = (nRT) / V

= (n * R * (35 + 273)) / 0.25 L

= (n * R * 308 K) / 0.25 L

We are given that the pressure is 500 mmHg and the volume is 0.25 L at this pressure, so we can set these equal:

500 mmHg = (n * R * 308 K) / 0.25 L

Solving for n, we get:

n = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K)

We know that the pressure and volume of the gas at its original state are what we are trying to solve for. Let's call the original pressure P_0 and the original volume V_0. We can then express the relationship between the original and final state of the gas as:

P_0 * V_0 = n * R * T

Substituting the expression we found for n and the known values, we get:

P_0 * V_0 = ((500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K)) * R * 308 K

Solving for P_0, we get:

P_0 = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (R * 308 K) * (R * 308 K) / V_0

= (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (V_0)

Since V_0 = 0.5 L, we can substitute this value to get:

P_0 = (500 mmHg * 0.25 L) / (0.5 L)

= 500 mmHg / 2

= 250 mmHg

Therefore, the original pressure of the gas was 250 mmHg.