11. A chemist burns 346 liters of a fuel (C3H8) at a constant temperature and pressure. What
volume of carbon dioxide are made?
C3H8 (g) +5O2 (g) -> 3CO₂ (g) + 4H₂O (g)

Answers

Answer 1

The volume of carbon dioxide that is made when a chemist burns 346 liters of fuel (C₃H₈) at a constant temperature and pressure is 1038 Liters.

What is the mole ratio of the reaction of the combustion of the fuel?

The mole ratio of the reaction of the combustion of the fuel is obtained from the equation of the reaction as follows:

C₃H₈ (g) + 5 O₂ (g) ----> 3 CO₂ (g) + 4H₂O (g)

The mole ratio of the fuel and the carbon dioxide produced is 1 : 3

Molar volume of a gas = 22.4 L

Moles of the fuel, C₃H₈, used = 346/22.4 moles

The volume of carbon dioxide produced = 346/22.4 moles * 3 * 22.4

The volume of carbon dioxide produced = 1038 Liters.

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Related Questions

how many oxygen atoms in cr(no3)3

Answers

Number of oxygen atoms in Cr(NO₃)₃ will be 9.

In Cr(NO₃)₃ the number of Cr atoms will be 1 and N atom will be 3. However, oxygen atoms will be 9.

Oxygen is the chemical element having symbol O and its atomic number will be 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that can readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, the two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless as well as odorless diatomic gas having formula O₂.

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Cl2 + Na2S + 2NaCl + S

The percent yield of sulfur when 71. 0 g of Cl2 is reacted in

excess Na2S solution is 73. 0 %.

What is the actual mass of sulfur yielded by this reaction?

Answers

The actual mass of sulfur yielded by this reaction is 23.4 g

The quantity of moles of a product created in relation to the amount of reactant consumed during a chemical reaction is measured in chemistry as yield, also known as reaction yield. The actual yield is calculated as the theoretical yield multiplied by 100 to get the percent yield.

To find the yield percent we use the equation: percent yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

The theoretical yield for S is as follows:

71. g Cl2 x 1 mol Cl 2  x 1 mol x 32.1 g = 32.1 g S

                     71 g Cl     1           mol S

Percent yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

Actual yield = theoretical yield x percent yield

Actual yield = 32.1 X 73 % = 23.4 g S

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A 5.0 liter container at 20.0oC has 4 gases pumped in. The total pressure of the gases is 4.09 atm. If the pressure of the first gas is 1.00 atm, and the pressure of the second gas is 0.940 atm, the pressure of the third gas is 0.870 atm, what is the pressure of the fourth gas in atmospheres?

Answers

The pressure of the fourth gas in atmospheres is1.28 atm.

What does a gas's pressure mean in physics?

The force created when gas particles collide with the wall of their container is known as gas pressure. Force is applied to a region to create pressure. The force that a gas applies to a particular area is known as gas pressure. The amount of force applied to a certain region is referred to as pressure. Gases produce pressure, or force per unit of area. In addition to torr, atmosphere, and bar, the pressure of a gas can also be stated in many additional SI units, such as pascal or kilopascal.

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what is the anion in koch2ch3?

Answers

The anion present in the compound , KOCH₂CH₃ is CH₃CH₂O⁻ .

The ions means that if the atom or the element carry the positive charge means it looses the electrons and form the cation and  If the element or the compound carry the negative charge means that it gains the electrons and make the anion.

The compound is : KOCH₂CH₃

The cation present = K⁺

The anion cation = CH₃CH₂O⁻

The ionic compound is formed between the negatively charge anion and the positively charged cation. The ionic compound is formed by the complete transfer of the electrons.

Thus , the anion CH₃CH₂O⁻ is present in the compound KOCH₂CH₃.

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When measuring the volume of a clear aqueous liquid (in a graduated cylinder or glass / plastic pipette), you take the reading at the: a. Upper Meniscus. b. Lower Meniscus. c. Between the upper and lower Meniscus. d. None of the above, the water level is flat.

Answers

Answer:

Lower Miniscus

Explanation:

You just do.

What is reactivity series of metals explain?

Answers

The reactivity series of metals is a series of metals, in order of reactivity from highest to lowest. It is used to determine the reactivity of a metal and the feasibility of replacing one metal with another in a chemical reaction. Metals that are higher in the series are more reactive and will displace those lower in the series. The most reactive metals, such as potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium, are found at the top of the series. Metals such as lead, copper, and iron are found at the bottom and are the least reactive.

What is metals?

Metals are chemical elements that are characterized by their shiny appearance, malleability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and ductility. Metals are found in the Earth's crust and are abundant in the Earth's core. Commonly used metals include aluminum, copper, iron, tin, silver, gold, lead, and zinc.

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What is the ideal barometric pressure for humans?

Answers

According to Vanos, barometric pressure of 30 inches of mercury is the most comfortable for people (inHg). The risk of a heart attack increases as it climbs to 30.3 inHg or higher or falls to 29.7 inHg or lower.

High or low barometric pressure—which is worse?

Inferring calm weather from higher pressure, whereas bad weather from low barometric pressure. Barometric pressure variations are used by meteorologists and sailors to forecast weather conditions.

What barometric pressure level qualifies as low?

High pressure is often characterized by a barometer measurement of over 30.20 inHg and is linked to calm, clear skies. Low pressure is commonly defined as a barometer value of less than 29.80 inHg, and low pressure is linked to warm air and thunderstorms.

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what are some occasions that require you to measure the pressure of a gas

Answers

The some occasions that are require us to measure the pressure of a gas is   checking the air in car tires and bicycle tires, blowing up  balloon need to check the pressure of gas, to find out the complete work done.

The ideal gas equation is as follows :

P V = n R T

where,

P is the pressure of the gas

V is the volume of the gas

n = number of moles

R is the gas constant

T is the temperature

To find the complete work done we need to measure the pressure and the expression is as :

W = PΔV

The force exerted per unit the area by the gas particles as they strike the surfaces around is known as pressure.

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calculate the number of moles of zinc that must react with an excess of nitric acid to form 29.1 moles of ammonium nitrate​

Answers

Zinc interacts with nitric to produce hydrogen and zinc nitrate solution: Zn(NO3)2 * H2 = Zn*2 HNO3.

Why is nitrate of ammonium used as an explosive?

Ammonium nitrate by itself is not explosive. It is, nevertheless, one of the components used in the creation of explosives. According to the UN category for dangerous goods, it is categorized as an oxidizer (5.1). It needs other components, such as fuel, etc., in order to become explosive.

What percentage of zinc's molecules are there?

(Zn's atomic mass is 65 u) A link between the quantity of particles (atoms) or their mass is provided by the mole concept. As a result, it is feasible to determine how many particles make up a particular mass. Hence 10g/65g Equals 0.15 moles is the number of moles.

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balance the following equation by inserting coefficients as needed al4c3 hcl

Answers

4 Al4C3 + 27 HCl = 4 AlCl3 + 3 CH4. This chemical equation represents a balanced reaction between aluminum carbide (Al4C3) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) to produce aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and methane (CH4).

To balance the equation, coefficients are inserted in front of the reactants and products. In this case, a coefficient of 4 was placed in front of Al4C3 and AlCl3, and a coefficient of 27 was placed in front of HCl. This makes sure that there is an equal number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. The balanced equation demonstrates that for every 4 molecules of Al4C3, 27 molecules of HCl, 4 molecules of AlCl3, and 3 molecules of CH4 are produced in this reaction. Balancing chemical equations is important to correctly predict the amount of reactants and products involved in a reaction and to accurately describe the behavior of chemicals in a reaction.

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Complete question here:

Balance the equation by inserting coefficients as needed Al4C3+HCl = AlCl3+CH4

if we increase the temperature of the vessel to 450 k at constant volume, what would the pressure inside the vessel be?

Answers

If we increase the temperature of the vessel to 450 k at constant volume, 15 atm would be the pressure inside the vessel. Therefore, the correct option is option D.

In chemistry, pressure is the force that a gas or liquid applies to the container's walls. It happens as a result of molecules of a gas or liquid slamming into the surface of the container. One of the gas laws that explains the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas at constant volume is Gay-Lussac's Law, sometimes referred to as the pressure-temperature law. It has the name of Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, a French chemist who developed the law at the beginning of the 19th century.

P1/T1 = P2/T2

P2 = (P1 × T2)/T1

P2 = (10 atm ×450 K) / 300 K

P2 = 15 atm

Therefore, the correct option is option D.

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Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was,                

We are studying the properties of a 10 L vessel of an ideal gas at 300 K and 10 atm of pressure inside. We can fix the volume or the pressure of the vessel as we like. If we increase the temperature of the vessel to 450 K at constant volume, what would the pressure inside the vessel be?

Group of answer choices

10 atm

5 atm

20 atm

15 atm

What is the formal charge on the oxygen atom in the structure below?
a. −
1
.
b. 0
.
c. +
1
.
d. +
2
.

Answers

The difference between the number of valence electrons an isolated atom of that element would have and the number of electrons it actually has in the molecule is defined as the formal charge on that atom in the molecule.

The formal charge is computed as follows:

Formal Charge = (Number of lone pair electrons + Number of bonding electrons / 2) Valence Electrons

The oxygen atom has six valence electrons in the structure you provided, four of which are bonding electrons and two of which are lone pair electrons. The formal charge on the oxygen atom is calculated as follows:

Formal Charge = 6 minus (2 + 4 / 2) = 6 minus (2 + 2) = 6 minus 4 = 2 minus 4 = -2

As a result, the oxygen atom in the structure has a formal charge of -2

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what is a triglyceride? multiple choice question. a molecule consisting of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol a three-carbon alcohol molecule a waxy lipid found in all body cells a fatty acid molecule containing three carbon-carbon double bonds

Answers

Option A – A triglyceride is a molecule consisting of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol.

A triglyceride is a type of fat molecule made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules. Triglycerides are the most common type of fat found in food and are also stored in the body as a source of energy. When we eat foods high in fat, the body breaks down the triglycerides into their component fatty acids and glycerol and uses them as fuel. If we eat more fat than we can burn, the body stores the excess as body fat, which can contribute to obesity and other health problems if it accumulates in large amounts. Triglycerides play a role in the development of heart disease and other health problems, and their levels can be measured through a blood test. A high triglyceride level, combined with low levels of "good" cholesterol (HDL), can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. Maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and managing stress can help to keep triglyceride levels in check.

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- oxygen gas a. compound - table sugar b. element - gasoline c. heterogeneous mixture - a fried egg d. homogeneous mixture

Answers

Oxygen gas is option b. element.

Pure oxygen gas is made up of molecules, but since each molecule only contains one type of element, pure oxygen gas is still regarded as an element rather than a compound.

Because the composition (or qualities) of the hydrocarbons in gasoline are consistent (the same) throughout the combination, gasoline is a homogenous mixture. This implies that it is a homogenous mixture because it is present in a single liquid phase. Numerous distinct compounds containing hydrogen and carbon make up gasoline (hydrocarbons). About 150 distinct hydrocarbons, including butane, pentane, isopentane, and the BTEX chemicals, are often included in a normal gasoline combination (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes).

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imagine that you work for grey goose and need to separate the ethanol in vodka from the other main ingredient, water. you load a sample of vodka into the still and let it run. which substance will boil off first? will this substance have been chemically changed when it is collected?

Answers

Imagine that you work for grey goose and need to separate the ethanol in vodka from the other main ingredient, water. you load a sample of vodka into the still and let it run.

The most popular technique involves heating the combined liquid. Alcohol will quickly turn to steam since it has a lower boiling point than water. Then, it can be compressed into a different container. Distillation may easily separate water and alcohol due of the disparity in their boiling points. We employ a procedure called fractional distillation to separate a mixture of ethanol and water. This method is based on the fact that the mixture's constituent chemicals have various boiling points.

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An endothermic reaction that is spontaneous, respectively , in the forward direction is one that has a value and a I

Answers

CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 .An endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings.

What is energy ?

Energy is the ability to do work. It is a fundamental quantity of nature and is found in many forms, such as kinetic energy, gravitational energy, electrical energy, and thermal energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and is found in moving objects. Gravitational energy is the energy associated with the gravitational force and is found in objects that are close to each other. Electrical energy is the energy of electric fields and is found in charged particles. Thermal energy is the energy associated with temperature and is found in hot objects.

A spontaneous reaction is one that occurs without an outside energy source. A spontaneous reaction in the forward direction is one that proceeds in the direction, as written, without the need for an input of energy.

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a solution is made using 250.0 ml of phenol (mw: 94.11 g/mol, density 1.070 g/ml) and 400.0 ml of water (density 1.000 g/ml). what is the molality of phenol in water?

Answers

The molality of phenol in water is 0.669 m.

The molality of a solution can be calculated using the following equation:

molality (m) = (mass of solute) / (mass of solvent)

To find the mass of solute, first find the mass of phenol used in the solution:

mass of phenol = 250.0 ml * (1.070 g/ml) = 267.75 g

To find the mass of solvent, first find the mass of water used in the solution:

mass of water = 400.0 ml * (1.000 g/ml) = 400.0 g

Now, the molality of phenol in water can be calculated as:

molality = (267.75 g) / (400.0 g) = 0.669 m

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why is hcl used instead of plain deionized water in p-phenetidine in amide synthesis of acetophenetidin?

Answers

HCl is used instead of plain deionized water in p-phenetidine in amide synthesis of acetophenetidin because HCl's polarity contributes to a reaction driven to the right, it is used for the acid-base reaction rather than water. It protonates the amine group, allowing it to dissolve easily.

What is acid-base reaction ?

An acid-base neutralization reaction is represented as a double-replacement reaction in this traditional representation. For example, the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions yields a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) and a few extra water molecules.

When acid and base react, they produce salt and water. Water and salt are both neutral, which means that when acid and base react, they neutralize each other. As a result, it is known as a neutralization reaction.

Thus,  HCl's polarity contributes to a reaction driven to the right.

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The electronic configuration of calcium is 2,8,8,2. So why we can't write it as 2,8,9,1?

Answers

It is due of this order of atomic orbital filling that calcium has an electrical configuration of 2, 8, 8, 2, rather than  Your knowledge of atomic structure will increase.

What is an atom's atomic number?

An atomic number of an atom is determined by counting all the protons in its nucleus. It is symbolized by the letter "Z." A specific element's atoms each possess the same atoms since all of its protons are the same. Atomic numbers vary among atoms belonging to various elements.

How can you determine an element's atomic weight?

Discovering Relevant Information the atomic weight, please. Usually, the molecular weight is printed.

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a compound with the molecular formula c5h10o2 has the following 1h nmr spectrum: a proton nmr spectrum shows 3 peaks and their integration values. the quintet at 5.0 ppm has an integration value of 6.33. the singlet at 2.0 ppm has an integration value of 19.4. the doublet at 1.3 ppm has an integration value of 37.9. determine the number of proton(s) giving rise to the signal at 1.3 ppm.

Answers

5 protons giving rise to the signal at 1.3 ppm.

The study of spectroscopy involves measuring and analysing the electromagnetic spectra that emerge from the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter as a function of the radiation's wavelength or frequency. Other types of radiative energy include matter waves, acoustic waves, and gravitational waves, which have recently been linked to a spectral signature in the context of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory.

Spectroscopy, to put it simply, is the scientific study of colour, applied to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, starting with visible light. Historically, the study of the wavelength dependence of visible light dispersed by a prism's absorption by gas phase materials gave rise to spectroscopy.

A fundamental exploratory tool in the fields of astronomy, chemistry, materials science, and physics, spectroscopy primarily in the electromagnetic spectrum allows the investigation of the composition, physical structure, and electronic structure of matter at the atomic, molecular, and macro scales as well as over astronomical distances. Biomedical spectroscopy is used in the fields of tissue analysis and medical imaging, among other crucial applications.

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A neutralization reaction between an acid and sodium hydroxide formed water and the salt named sodium sulfate. What was the formula of the acid that was neutralized?
A ) HCl
B ) Na2SO4
C ) H2SO4
D ) H2S
E ) none of the above

Answers

A neutralization reaction between an acid and sodium hydroxide formed water and the salt named sodium sulfate. H2SO4  was the formula of the acid that was neutralized. so, option (c) is correct.

What is reaction ?

A chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals, known as reactants, into one or more new compounds, known as products. The change in concentration of any of the reactants or products per unit of time can be used to determine the rate or speed of a reaction. It is determined by the equation rate=time + concentration.

What is neutralization ?

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base interact to produce water and salt. Water is produced by the interaction of H+ and OH- ions. The pH of a strong acid and strong base neutralized has a value of 7.

Therefore, neutralization reaction between an acid and sodium hydroxide formed water and the salt named sodium sulfate. H2SO4  was the formula of the acid that was neutralized. so, option (c) is correct.

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______ is the spacing between character pairs.
answer choicesO Tracking
O Kerning
O Serif

Answers

Kerning is the spacing between individual letters or characters.

The distance between individual letters or characters is known as kerneling. In contrast to tracking, which modifies the spacing between each letter of a word in equal increments, kerning is concerned with the aesthetics of type, producing legible writing that is appealing to the eye.

Character spacing and kerning differ significantly in that character spacing is utilized between specific pairs of characters as specified in the typeface, and letter spacing is independent of the text it spaces.

Kerning is the process of manually adjusting the distance between two particular glyphs. A kerning pair is the same adjustment, but the type designer chooses it; the instructions are included in the font file itself.

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Which one of the following can be classified as a nonelectrolyte? A) LilO3 B) Cl2 C) Nal D) KIO E) HI

Answers

The option that can be classified as a non-electrolyte is Cl2. Electrolytes refer to the chemical solutions that can conduct electricity, while non-electrolytes are chemicals that do not conduct electricity.

Therefore, Cl2 is the only option out of the five listed that can be classified as a non-electrolyte.

Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They are in your blood, urine, tissues, and other body fluids. When dissolved in water, electrolytes separate into positive and negative ions. These ions help to regulate the amount of water in the body and maintain the proper balance of acids and bases in the cells.

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How do you find the permanent dipole moment of a molecule?

Answers

The permanent dipole moment of a molecule can be calculated using the following steps:

Determine the bond dipolesDetermine the molecular geometryCalculate the net dipole moment

What are dipoles?

A dipole is an electrically charged object with a positive and a negative pole, such that the positive and negative charges are separated by some distance. A molecule with a net separation of positive and negative charges is referred to as a polar molecule or a molecular dipole.

Determine the bond dipoles: Identify the polar covalent bonds in the molecule and calculate the bond dipole moment for each bond by multiplying the bond order (number of shared electrons) by the electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.

Determine the molecular geometry: The molecular geometry determines the orientation of the bond dipoles and the arrangement of the atoms in the molecule. This information is needed to calculate the net dipole moment of the molecule.

Calculate the net dipole moment: Using the bond dipoles and molecular geometry, calculate the net dipole moment of the molecule by adding the bond dipole moments vectorially. The magnitude of the net dipole moment is the permanent dipole moment of the molecule.

Note: The permanent dipole moment is a measure of the net separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, and it can be expressed in Debye units (D). It is a fundamental property of a molecule that determines its ability to interact with electric or magnetic fields.

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when a high energy electron impacts molecule m in the ionization chamber, what type of species is initially produced?

Answers

A radical cation is initially produced when a high energy electron impacts molecule M in the ionisation chamber.

When a high energy electron collides with molecule "m" in an ionisation chamber, it can produce a number of species, including electrons, ions, and neutral species. The most common species, however, is an ion pair, which consists of a positively charged ion (cation) and a negatively charged electron (anion). This is because the impacting electron has a high energy and can knock an electron out of the molecule, leaving a positively charged ion (cation) behind. The produced ion pair is then detected and used to calculate the energy and intensity of the electron beam in the ionisation chamber. Ionisation chambers are devices that detect and measure ionising radiation. It generates charged particles, typically ion pairs, inside the chamber by using ionising radiation. The energy and intensity of the ionising radiation can then be calculated using these charged particles.

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KHP is more basic than citric acid. Since you had to go to the trouble of standardizing the NaOH solution against KHP anyways, why can’t the lemon juice be titrated with KHP solution in the first place?

Answers

Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of a solution by slowly adding a solution of known concentration to the unknown solution until a reaction is complete. In acid-base titration, a common example of which is titrating lemon juice with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, the endpoint of the reaction is usually indicated by a color change or by the measurement of the solution's pH.

In the case of titrating lemon juice with a sodium hydroxide solution, a primary standard like potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) is often used to standardize the NaOH solution. This is because KHP is a highly pure, crystalline solid that is easy to dissolve and has a known molar mass, making it an ideal substance for accurately determining the concentration of the NaOH solution.

While it is possible to titrate lemon juice directly with KHP, it is not ideal for several reasons. Firstly, lemon juice is not a pure substance and contains other components such as sugars, enzymes, and organic acids that can interfere with the accuracy of the titration. Secondly, the reaction between KHP and lemon juice is complex, involving multiple steps that can make it difficult to determine the endpoint of the reaction.

In contrast, the reaction between NaOH and lemon juice is relatively simple and straightforward, producing a clear endpoint that is easily detected. By standardizing the NaOH solution against KHP first, scientists can ensure that the concentration of the NaOH solution is accurately known, making it possible to obtain more precise and reliable results when titrating lemon juice.

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How do you calculate heating and cooling curve?

Answers

The equations q = mcT, whereby m is the test mass, c is the absolute temperature, and T is the change in temperature, may be used to quantify the amount of hot air received or dissipated by a test (q).

The mass simple answer is what?

A thing's mass is just how much matter it has. Something will weigh more the more matter it includes. For illustrate, an elephant pounds more than a mouse because it has more stuff.

In physics, what do mass and mass mean?

A measurement of an object's kinetic attribute, or how much matter it contains, is the entity's mass. The force of gravity falling on an item is measured by its weight.

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hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon are the elements that most readily form strong multiple bonds.

Answers

Orbitals of a molecule as the total of their atomic orbitals. The advantage is that electrons can be distributed widely across a molecule. Consider a molecule with resonance as an example.

What elements most readily form strong multiple bonds?

Multiple bonds will form between nearby atoms. When two atoms share two electron pairs to create two covalent connections, they create a double bond; when they share three electron pairs to create three covalent bonds, they create a triple bond.

We understand more intuitively, instead. The delocalized electrons are distributed uniformly over the entire molecule. The ionization energies and emission and absorption spectra of a molecule are now better understood.

Therefore, Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon are the elements that most readily form multiple strong bonds.

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The above question is incomplete. The complete question is given below:

For each of the following false statements, change the statement to make it true.

Hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon are the elements that can most readily form strong multiple bonds.

Orbitals of a molecule as the total of their atomic orbitals. The advantage is that electrons can be distributed widely across a molecule. Consider a molecule with resonance as an example.

What elements most readily form strong multiple bonds?

Multiple bonds will form between nearby atoms. When two atoms share two electron pairs to create two covalent connections, they create a double bond; when they share three electron pairs to create three covalent bonds, they create a triple bond.

We understand more intuitively, instead. The delocalized electrons are distributed uniformly over the entire molecule. The ionization energies and emission and absorption spectra of a molecule are now better understood.

Therefore, Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon are the elements that most readily form multiple strong bonds.

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The above question is incomplete. The complete question is given below:

For each of the following false statements, change the statement to make it true.

Hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon are the elements that can most readily form strong multiple bonds.

What does the sign of δg tells you about a system?

Answers

The sign of δg (change in Gibbs free energy) indicates the direction and feasibility of a chemical reaction.

If δg is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed as written, releasing energy in the form of heat and light. A negative δg indicates that the products have a lower free energy than the reactants and that the system is moving towards a state of lower energy and greater stability. Conversely, if δg is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous and energy must be added to the system in order to make it occur. A positive δg indicates that the products have a higher free energy than the reactants and that the system is moving away from a state of lower energy and greater stability. Therefore, the sign of δg provides information on the direction and energetics of a chemical reaction.

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Explain why a molecule can have bond dipoles but not have a molecular dipole.

Answers

The presence of polar bonds in a molecule does not imply the presence of a molecular dipole. Carbon dioxide and carbon tetrachloride, for example, have polar bonds but no net molecular dipole.

What is the difference between bond dipoles and molecular dipoles?

Bond polarity is related to the individual polarity of the bond in a molecule, whereas molecular polarity is the sum of all the bond polarities in the molecule.

If a molecule is completely symmetric, the dipole moment vectors on each molecule cancel each other out, resulting in a nonpolar molecule.

Thus, a molecule can have bond dipoles but not have a molecular dipole.

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