1. isostasy subduction 2. deepest ocean depths fjord 3. drowned glaciated valley plate tectonics 4. theory of crustal structure trench 5. oceanic plate going down buoyancy

The diagrams of the arrangement of the electrons in calcium and magnesium have been shown in the image attached to this answer. There are two electrons in the valence shell of calcium.

We know that the electrons are the subatomic particles that we can be able to see in the shells of the atom. It is important that we ought to know that the electrons are the particles that are known to be responsible for the reactivity of the atom.

The number of the electrons that we can find in the atom would depend on the number of the protons that we have in the nucleus of the atom and this is because for the atom to be electrically neutral then we would have to have the same number of electrons and protons being in the atom as we know.

It is clear that calcium is a member of group two of the periodic table and that magnesium is also a member of group two of the periodic table.

The structures for calcium would have Ca and two dots while that of magnesium would have Mg and two dots.

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The  E0cell for the halfcell that we have in the question is 3.73 V.

We have to know that the cell potential as we know it has to do with the electrical potential that is involved when we have the oxidation or the reduction of a given specie. In the case of what we have here, we have the cells that are composed of magnesium and chlorine and we want to find the electrode potential of the cells.

We must note that the basis that we can be able to use to find the electrode potential of the cell is the standard hydrogen electrode which has been assigned the value of about 0.00 V and all of the other cell potentials that we have can now be measured against this standard that has been fixed.

We have;

Magnesium half cell= -2.37 V

Chlorine half cell = + 1.36 V

Then we have;

E0cell = + 1.36 - (-2.37)

= 3.73 V

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a. Acetylacetone(acacH) can form up to 4 bonds with a metal ion.

b. Dirthylenetriamine can form up to 4 bonds with a metal ion.

c. Salen can form up to 6 bonds with a metal ion.

d. Porphine can form up to 8 bonds with a metal ion.

The energy is produced due to the process of beak down in the chemical process or reaction.

That energy is stored in the bonds of the chemical compounds which include molecules and atoms. The point is released in the chemical reaction and the most power produces heat as a by-product, known as an exothermic reaction.

Energy may be released in a chemical reaction in the form of heat; that reaction is called exothermic. Reactions that require an input of heat to proceed may store some of that energy as chemical energy in newly formed bonds.

So we can conclude that  Energy defined as the capacity to supply heat or do work is known as energy.

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The balanced chemical equation is N₂ + 3 H₂[tex]\rightarrow[/tex] 2 NH₃ which gives the formation of ammonia.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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The amount of matter contained within an object is commonly referred to as mass. The most typical way to measure it is as inertial mass, which refers to an object's resistance to acceleration under the influence of a net force. 

Although the size of an object and its mass are frequently associated, larger objects do not always have more mass. For instance, an inflated balloon would have substantially less mass than a silver golf ball. Although there are numerous alternative units used to describe mass around the world, the kilogram is the accepted unit of mass according to the International System of Units (SI) (kg).

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Option B, Using an excess of aldehyde in the aldol-dehydration reaction is done primarily to ensure complete conversion of the reactants to the desired product.

An excess of aldehyde is used to ensure that there is a sufficient concentration of the aldehyde present in order to form the enolate anion, which is the reactive intermediate in the aldol-dehydration reaction. To achieve high yield: Using an excess of aldehyde allows for the formation of multiple enolate anions, which increases the chances of a double aldol-dehydration reaction taking place, resulting in the formation of the desired product. Using an excess of aldehyde helps aldol-dehydration to prevent this by reducing the exposure of the aldehyde to air.

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Propanol, because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Reason:

Therefore, propanol is more soluble in water than Ethane.

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When a sample of a substance was heated strongly in a crucible, the sample increased in mass. This is evidence that a chemical change has taken place.

In a closed system, when no heat or energy is applied, the mass of a substance will remain the same. But, when heated at high temperatures, the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance increase due to which the particles will move faster, and collide with each other and take up more space. There will be transfer of energy due to application of heat. As a result of this the mass of the sample also increases.

Hence, option D is correct

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Diatomic elements are important because they make up a significant portion of the Earth's atmosphere and are crucial for many biological and chemical processes.

Diatomic elements are elements that exist in nature as molecules made up of two atoms of the same element, such as H2, O2, N2, and F2.

A diatomic atom is one that cannot exist on its own. There are no single O atoms floating around in the sky. Because O atoms must exist in pairs, oxygen occurs as O2. These atoms are too unstable to live on their own.

This elements are different from other elemental substances because they are composed of multiple atoms of the same element, rather than a single atom or a mixture of different elements.

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Answer: K

Explanation: as we move down the group new shells are added and this increases the distance between the outermost electron and the nucleus.

0.5 moles of carbon weigh 6.0055 grams.

One of the chemical elements is carbon. The letter C stands for carbon, and the letter g stands for grams. As a result, 0.5 moles of carbon per gram is equivalent to 0.5 moles of carbon per gram, 0.5 moles of carbon per gram, and 0.5 moles of C per gram.

Carbon has a 12.011 atomic mass. Thus, one mole of carbon has a mass of 12.011 grams (12.011 g/mol). We multiply 0.5 moles of carbon by 12.011 to get grams, and vice versa.

no. of Grams = Moles of Carbon x 12.011

                     =0.5 × 12.011 = 6.0055

0.5 moles of carbon equal 6.0055 grams.

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The complete question is

How many grams is 0.5 moles of carbon

Answer: D

Explanation:

electrons have no mass

Part-1 The instantaneous rate at 0.000s is 1.8 ×10⁻⁷m/s.

Part-2 The instantaneous rate at 0.0s is 5.3×10⁻⁸m/s.

The concentration change over a chosen time period is the average rate. When you take the measurements makes a difference. The instantaneous rate is the rate that exists at a specific time. The solution is found at that point by determining the slope of the tangent to the concentration vs. time curve.

Given chemical reaction,
SO₃(g) + NO(g) --------> NO₂​(g) + O₂​(g)

t =  0. 000s

instantaneous rate = 1.38×10⁻⁸ - 2.0×10⁻⁸/0.011 - 0.000

instantaneous rate = 1.8 ×10⁻⁷m/s

Therefore the instantaneous rate at 0.000s is 1.8 ×10⁻⁷m/s.

for t = 0.052s,

instantaneous rate = 1.2×10⁻⁸ - 1.6×10⁻⁸/0.102 - 0.027

instantaneous rate = 5.3×10⁻⁸m/s.

Therefore the instantaneous rate at 0.0s is 5.3×10⁻⁸m/s.

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C14 have 8 neutrons, because C have 6 atomic number and it have 14 atomic mas , where atomic mass is total of proton and neutron so the neutron of C14 is 8.

It is commonly known that Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon. It is also known as a neutral atom. Additionally, the ratio of neutrons to protons varies among different isotopes.

The total number of protons that make up an atom's nucleus is represented by the atomic number of that atom, as is well known. We know that carbon has an atomic number of 6, a mass number of 14. It is common knowledge that mass is the product of protons and neutrons. There will thus be = 14 - 6 = 8 neutrons.

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to atom. Therefore, Bohr's model was abandoned since it lacked explanatory, descriptive, and predictive ability.

Atom is the smallest particle of any element, molecule or compound. Atom can not be further divided. Atoms contains nucleus in its center and electron that revolve around the atom in fixed orbit.

In the nucleus, proton and neutron are present. Electron has -1 charge while proton has +1 charge. Neutron is neutral that is it has no charge. Bohr's model was abandoned in favor of the quantum mechanical model since it lacked explanatory, descriptive, and predictive ability.

Therefore, Bohr's model was abandoned since it lacked explanatory, descriptive, and predictive ability.

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The type of bonding and the number of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by number of unpaired electrons.

The number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell because covalent bond is equal to a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule. When electrons are shared among atoms, they make a bond known as a covalent bond. Because atoms are sharing one pair of electrons, this covalent bond is known as a single bond. These atoms can do the equal aspect that the H atoms did; they proportion their unpaired electrons to make a covalent bond.

Thus, the number of unpaired electrons is useful in the type of bonding and the number of covalent bonds.

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The volume of nitrogen produced from the reaction of 6.8 L of carbon monoxide is 3.7 L

In order to determine the volume of nitrogen produced from the reaction of 6.8 L of carbon monoxide, we need to use the balanced equation for the reaction:

2CO(g) + 2NO(g) -> N2(g) + 2CO2(g)

From the equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of CO that react, 1 mole of N2 is produced. The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas present.

If the initial volume of CO is 6.8 L, we can assume that the number of moles of CO is

6.8 L / 24.45 L/mol = 0.278 mol.

Therefore, the number of moles of N2 produced would be

0.278 mol CO * (1 mol N2 / 2 mol CO) = 0.139 mol N2.

Finally, using the ideal gas law PV = nRT (where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature), we can calculate the volume of N2 produced:

V = nRT / P

V = 0.139 mol N2 * (8.314 J/mol*K) * (273 K) / (1 atm) = 3.7 L

So, the volume of nitrogen produced from the reaction of 6.8 L of carbon monoxide is 3.7 L.

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Given data

Mass of the piece of a solid carbon dioxide is m = 6.8 g

Volume of the solid carbon dioxide is V=4L

The temperature is T = 23°C = 296 K . The pressure of the air in the container is

740 Pho = 740 torr = atm 76

The temperature is T = 23 deg * C = 296K

The pressure of the air in the container is

Pho = 740 torr 740 760 atm

(a)The expression of ideal gas equation is given by,

PV = nRT

PV = (m/M) * RT

Where, P is the pressure in which the container after all the carbon dioxide is vaporizes.

M is the molar mass of the solid carbon dioxide (M = 44.01g / m * ol)

R is the universal gas constant R = (0.0832kJ / m * olK)

Substitute the all values in the above equation and calculate the value of pressure in which the container after all the carbon dioxide is vaporizes.

6.8 g 44.01 g/mol P(4L)= P= (0.0832 kJ/mol K) (296 K) (0.1545 mol) (0.0832 kJ/mol K) (296 K)

P = 0.951atm

(4L)Thus, the pressure in which the container after all the carbon dioxide is vaporizes is 0.951 atm.

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in the given following elements when the central atom could exhibit sp 3 d 2 hybridization , Sulphur(S)  can exhibit the asked configuration.

Z=16  for Sulphur

Electronic configuration [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{6} 3S^{2} 3P^{2} 3D^{0}4S^{0}[/tex]   here we can clearly see that the energy difference between the 3p and 3d shell is very so sulphur can exhibit the asked configuration.

Z=6 for Carbon C - [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{2}[/tex]

Z=7 for Nitrogen N- [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{3}[/tex]

Z=5 for Boron B- [tex]1S^{2} 2S^{2} 2P^{1}[/tex]

Here we can clearly see that the atom is very small d the shell is not present in the configuration above also the energy difference between the shells will be high as they are close to the nucleus hence the asked configuration can not be exhibited.

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Answer:

B.  Mg3N2

Explanation:

There are 20.0 grams total material (14.4g Mg and 5.6 g N).  We can convert grams into moles of each element by dividing by that element's molar mass (g/mole) to yield the number of moles of each element.  To find the empirical formula, we need to convert the moles of each to a whole number by using a fracor that provides a whole number for each element.  5 works well, and we get 0.6x5 = 3 Mg atoms and 0.4x5 = 2 N atoms.

Mass % g/mole grams moles       Factor of 5

Mg 72.00% 24.305 14.4         0.6             2.962 or 3

N 28.00% 14.007 5.6         0.4             1.999  or 2  

100.0%          20          1.0      

There are 3 Mg and 2 N atoms per molecule.  The empirical formula is Mg3N2.

The formula for the equilibrium constant is; [tex][HI]^{2} /[H_{2} ] [I_{2} ][/tex]

We know that when we talk about the equilibrium constant that we are looking at the kind of constant that shows the extent to which there has been the conversion of the reactants to the products.

We can be able to obtain the equilibrium constant of the system by the application of the law of mass action and this would give the correct6 form of the expression for the equilibrium constant. This is how we know which of the species would have the square.

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A ring stand is used to hold glassware devices during laboratory procedures.

Ring stands and accessories can make your lab experiments much easier if you are studying chemistry or physics.
        A ring stand and its accessories are versatile pieces of equipment that will improve your hands-on activities by allowing you to conveniently heat beakers, flasks, test tubes, and other glassware over an alcohol burner, as well as set up physics apparatus such as moveable pulleys and inclined planes.
        Each accessory is supported by a heavy base and an upright rod on the ring stand. To support additional equipment, a ring support is attached to the stand. Glassware is supported above an alcohol burner by wire gauze resting on the ring. To support funnels, crucibles, and evaporating dishes, the triangle rests on the ring. Burettes and test tubes are held in the burette clamp.

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The mass of 2.30 x 10²⁴ particles of water (H₂O) is 60.84 grams.

The amount of matter in a particle or object is represented by its mass, which is denoted by the symbol m. In the International System (SI), the kilograms serves as the default unit of mass (kg).

The formula N = n L describes the relationship between a substance's number of particles and number of moles.

n also defined using the equation n = m/M

N = n L

N = m/M L

Then substitute N and L values,

2.30×10²⁴ = m/M × 6.02×10²³

Molar mass of water = 18

2.30×10²⁴ = m/18  × 6.02×10²³

2.30×10²⁴/6.02×10²³ = m/18

3.38 = m/18

m = 3.38 × 18

m = 60.84grams.

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Endothermic reaction is taking place in the reaction; as ammonium chloride and water contact, less energy is generated by breaking the bonds between the two substances.

Than what is needed to create the new substance's connections. Endothermic  reactions are those in which the reactants take in heat energy from their environment to create products. These reactions produce a cooling effect by bringing the temperature of the space around them lower. Endothermic physical processes are also possible; for example, ice cubes can melt into liquid water by absorbing heat energy from their environment (no chemical bonds are broken or formed). With the chemical formula NH4Cl, ammonium chloride is an inorganic substance that is a white, crystalline salt that is very soluble in water.

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In the modern periodic table, reactivity increases when moving from left to right in the third period because metallic character decreases along a period.

The elements in the modern periodic table are arranged in  7 periods and 18 groups in a certain manner such that along a period , the metallic character of the element decreases and non-metallic character increases while on moving from top to bottom in a group, the metallic character increases and non-metallic character decreases.

The metallic character of elements depends upon its ability to lose electrons. Along a group, the size of atom increases and gradually the nuclear pull decreases so they can readily lose electrons but across a period, atomic size decreases and nuclear pull increases so they cannot lose electrons easily.

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The importance of the carbon dioxide, CO₂ and the oxygen O₂ in the water is they both are important for the aquatic animals and for the aquatic plant.

The CO₂ and O₂ are both important for the aquatic animals and also for the aquatic plants. the concentration of the oxygen in to the water is important for the aquatic animals that the dissolved oxygen for the respiration. the carbon dioxide will be more soluble in water than the oxygen in the water.

The carbon dioxide forms the carbonic acid in the water. the carbon dioxide is useful for the aquatic plants for the growth.

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k = -1/(slope of plot) is the correct answer to identify the rate constant k for the reaction based on the information in the plot of ln[H2O2] versus time (t).

Therefore, the rate constant can be determined by finding the slope of the plot and then using the formula k = -1/(slope of plot)

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