The termite gut environment is lacking a fresh supply of oxygen O2. However, it is rich with food due to the presence of bacteria that contain enzymes capable of breaking down cellulose and lignin, the macromolecules that make wood. Use this information to determine which of following protista groups is more likely to be found in a termite gut.
a. Diatoms
b. Radiolaria
c. Parabasilids
d. Rhodophyta
e. Foraminifera (Forams)
Answer:
c. Parabasilids
Explanation:
Termites are unable to digest cellulose and lignin by themselves. They need microorganisms living in their guts to provide the necessary enzymes to break down these molecules. This relationship turns to be mutualistic, in which both organisms are beneficiated. The microorganism is an endosymbiont.
Parabasilids are unicellular flagellated protists, most of them symbionts with animals. Flagella are characteristics of this group, arranging into one or more groups in the anterior region of the cell. Many species are commonly found in the digestive tube of termites. Parabasilids help their hosts to digest cellulose through enzymatic action. They are anaerobic organisms and lack mitochondria, making them capable of living in an environment with no fresh supply of oxygen O₂. Termites gut provide all the necessary conditions for endosymbiont´s growth, reproduction, and development.
The Protista group that is more likely to be found in a termite gut is Parabasilids (Option C).
Parabasilids are single-celled (unicellular) protists that live in symbiosis with different animals. Parabasilids are beneficial symbionts found in the digestive system of different species of termites. These protists have specific enzymes that help to digest cellulose and hemicellulose.In conclusion, the Protista group that is more likely to be found in a termite gut is Parabasilids (Option C).
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Are most mutations bad?
Answer:
Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious. In general, the more base pairs that are affected by a mutation, the larger the effect of the mutation, and the larger the mutation's probability of being deleterious.
Explanation:
Answer:
It depends, not all mutations are bad.
Explanation:
Some mutations don't affect anything and remain coding for the same gene so it ends up being the same even if it wasn't mutated in the first place.
I need help on this please and thank you!
Answer:
I think it's probably 2,3, and 4 :))
Answer:
renewable resources can be replenished.
most renewable resources are easily available in nature.
all renewable resources are cost effective.
The specific heat of a substance is a measure of how much energy is required to raise
the ______
one degree per one unit of mass.
Red rose color is produced by either of two genes, R/r and I/i. The dominant alleles of both these genes produce red pigment, and one of these genes is enough to produce a red flower. The recessive alleles are nonfunctional and produce no pigment (remember that no pigment = white.
Required:
What is the overall phenotypic ratio from the cross above?
Answer:
3:1
Explanation:
To find out the phenotypic ratio, we need to do a Punnet Square.
We know that R and I are the dominant alleles that produce red flowers, and r and i are the recessive traits.
║R ║ r
I ║RI║Ir
i ║Ri║ir
The genotype ratio would be 3 because the dominant traits are present three times (RI, Ir, and Ri) and 1 for the recessive trait since it only appears once in the Punnet Square (ir). In conclusion, the phenotypic ratio form the roses are 3:1
Complete question:
Red rose color is produced by either of two genes, R/r and I/i. The dominant alleles of both these genes produce red pigment, and one of these genes is enough to produce a red flower. The recessive alleles are nonfunctional and produce no pigment (remember that no pigment = white.
a. Given the allele combinations below, state the phenotype and expected ratio (as a fraction that would result from a cross of two dibybrid roses. (Ex: A B : Green 9/16)
R-I-
rrI-
R-ii
rrii
b. What is the overall phenotypic ratio from the cross above? (Ex black: 3 yellow : 1 green)
c. What type of epistasis is this? (Note there is a word bank below) Dominant epistasis, Dominant suppression, Duplicate gene action, Recessive epistasis, Complementary gene action No Epistasis
Answer:
9/16 R-I-, 3/16 R-ii, 3/16 rrI-, 1/16 rrii15:1Duplicate gene actionExplanation:
Available data:
Red rose color produced by two diallelic genesGene 1: Dominant allele RRecessive allele r
Gene2: Dominant allele IRecessive allele i
The dominant alleles of both these genes produce the red pigmentOne of these genes is enough to produce a red flowerThe recessive alleles produce no pigmenta. Given the allele combinations below, state the phenotype and expected ratio (as a fraction) that would result from a cross of two dibybrid roses.
R-I-
rrI-
R-ii
rrii
Cross: Two dihybrids
Parentals) Rr Ii x Rr Ii
Gametes) RI, Ri, rI, ri
RI, Ri, rI, ri
Punnett square) RI Ri rI ri
RI RRII RRIi RrII RrIi
Ri RRIi RRii RrIi Rrii
rI RrII RrIi rrII rrIi
ri RrIi Rrii rrIi rrii
F1) 9/16 individuals are expected to be red R-I-
3/16 individuals are expected to be red R-ii
3/16 individuals are expected to be red rrI-
1/16 individual is expected to be white rrii
b. What is the overall phenotypic ratio from the cross above? (Ex black: 3 yellow : 1 green)
Red individuals 15/16
White individual 1/16
Phenotypic ratio → 15:1
c. What type of epistasis is this? Dominant epistasis, Dominant suppression, Duplicate gene action, Recessive epistasis, Complementary gene action No Epistasis
Duplicate gene action. There are two genes involved in the expression of a phenotype, and the presence of at least one dominant allele is enough to produce the dominant phenotype (in this case, red color). The phenotypic ratio of this interaction is always 15:1. This is an example of dominant duplicate genes.
Question: Using your understanding of the 4 macromolecules explain how Earth’s early atmosphere and the 4 molecules taught could lead to the formation of life on Earth. Using your understanding of the 4 macromolecules justify the scientific theory of how life began on Earth. Include a timeline of which macromolecules formed first. Provide scientific evidence, chemical properties of the atoms found in the Earth’s early atmosphere, atoms found in the macromolecules, to support your timeline.
Answer:
Advanced forms of life existed on earth at least 3.55 billion years ago. In rocks of that age, fossilized imprints have been found of bacteria that look uncannily like cyanobacteria, the most highly evolved photosynthetic organisms present in the world today. Carbon deposits enriched in the lighter carbon-12 isotope over the heavier carbon-13 isotope-a sign of biological carbon assimilation-attest to an even older age. On the other hand, it is believed that our young planet, still in the throes of volcanic eruptions and battered by falling comets and asteroids, remained inhospitable to life for about half a billion years after its birth, together with the rest of the solar system, some 4.55 billion years ago. This leaves a window of perhaps 200-300 million years for the appearance of life on earth.
divine interventionThis duration was once considered too short for the emergence of something as complex as a living cell. Hence suggestions were made that germs of life may have come to earth from outer space with cometary dust or even, as proposed by Francis Crick of DNA double-helix fame, on a spaceship sent out by some distant civilization. No evidence in support of these proposals has yet been obtained. Meanwhile the reason for making them has largely disappeared. It is now generally agreed that if life arose spontaneously by natural processes-a necessary assumption if we wish to remain within the realm of science-it must have arisen fairly quickly, more in a matter of millennia or centuries, perhaps even less, than in millions of years. Even if life came from elsewhere, we would still have to account for its first development. Thus we might as well assume that life started on earth.
How this momentous event happened is still highly conjectural, though no longer purely speculative. The clues come from the earth, from outer space, from laboratory experiments, and, especially, from life itself. The history of life on earth is written in the cells and molecules of existing organisms. Thanks to the advances of cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, scientists are becoming increasingly adept at reading the text.
An important rule in this exercise is to reconstruct the earliest events in life's history without assuming they proceeded with the benefit of foresight. Every step must be accounted for in terms of antecedent and concomitant events. Each must stand on its own and cannot be viewed as a preparation for things to come. Any hint of teleology must be avoided.
All living things must take in and use energy to perform the functions associated with life which of the following functions are required for organisms to maintain a constant internal environment select all that apply.
Transforming energy
moving substances into an out of cells
photosynthesis
synthesizing complex molecules
Answer: synthesizing of complex molecules
Explanation:
During the synthesizing of complex substances (catabolism) energy is given off to the body to generate heat within the body
Skeletal muscle cells essentially engage in large shape changes to pull on bones to create movement. To do this shape change, skeletal muscle cells require a lot of energy and the production of a lot of protein used inside the cell to make the structures that change the shape. Name 3 organelles that would be important in this function (one for each function).
Answer:
Explanation:
1) The mitochondrion : is an organelle that makes energy available to the cell. They use energy from organic compounds (such as glucose) to make molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2) Ribosomes: are small structures where proteins are made. Both subunits consist of proteins and RNA. RNA from the nucleus carries the genetic code, copied from DNA, which remains in the nucleus. At the ribosome, the genetic code in RNA is used to assemble and join together amino acids to make proteins. Ribosomes can be found alone or in groups within the cytoplasm, as well as on the RER.
3) Cytoskeleton: is the “frame” of the cell, keeping structures in place, providing support, and giving the cell a definite shape.The cytoskeleton organizes the cell and keeps the cell’s organelles in place, but it also aids in the movement of organelles throughout the cell.
Which of the following is not a limitation of the biological species concept
Answer:
to be considered a species, a population must be reproductively isolated from other species
What do mammals like tigers and zebras need energy for?
Options:
A. Running
B. Breathing
C. Digesting food
D. All of above
Answer:
d. all of the above
Explanation:
tigers and zebras both have activities that they're limited to by each species. But both of them do all that was listed, and running, breathing and digesting all take the body's energy to do.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
they both need the energy to do that
What does the symbiotic relationship commensalism mean? (Question is from GradPoint.)
A. One organism captures and eats another
B. One organism benefits and the other is not affected
C. One organism feeds off of another organism
D. Both organisms benefit
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected.
Answer: B. One organism benefits and the other is not affected
Who was the first to classify living things
Answer:
Aristotle
Explanation:
Aristotle was the first
Answer:
Aristotle
Explanation:
Aristotle was the first to classify living things..
How does carbon dioxide travel in blood via dissolved form
Answer:
carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than oxygen and hence is mostly transported in the dissolved form in our blood.
Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system.
Goodluck
Arrange the biological terms from smallest to largest.
Ecosystem
Population
Cell
Tissue
Biosphere
Molecule
Organism
Atom
Answer:
atom - molecule- Cell -tissue - organism- population- ecosystem-biosphere
WRITE THE DEFINITIONS OF EACH ANIMAL ORGANELLE LISTED. (1) nucleolus (2) nucleus (3) ribosome (4) vesicle (5) rough endoplasmic reticulum (6) Golgi apparatus (7) cytoskeleton (8) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (9) mitochondria (10) vacuole (11) cytosol (12) lysosome (13) centriole
Answer: nucleolus: a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. nucleus: the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass. ribosome: a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. vesicle: a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body. rough endoplasmic: reticulum (RER), series of connected flattened sacs, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins. Golgi apparatus: a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Explanation:
In an oil spill, why does the oil not mix with the seawater?
Lipids are hydrophobic.
Lipids are hydrophilic.
Lipids are saturated.
Lipids are unsaturated.
Answer:
liquids are hydrophobic
A
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Where is the water table located?
a.10 ft below the surface
b. below the saturated zone
c. A at the top of the saturated zone
d. all of the above
Answer:
c. A at the top of the saturated zone.
Discuss the nature and merits of data response questions in Life/Natural Science
Data are fundamental in Life/Natural Science because they can help us to answer hypotheses.
What is a hypothesis?A hypothesis is a given explanation about a phenomenon observed from a question from the real world.
Data obtained from experimental and observational procedures helps to reject or confirm hypotheses.In conclusion, data are fundamental in Life/Natural Science because they can help us to answer hypotheses.
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What is Newton’s law of universal gravitation ?
Answer:
Every body on earth attracts every other body. with a force. which is directly proportional to product of their masses and inversely proportional to square of distance between them.
Ari drew a diagram to show organisms in an ecosystem.
A flowchart. Cycle 1: 1, Grass. 2, Grasshopper. 3, Shrew or Mouse. 4, Fox. Cycle 2: 1, Grass. 2, Mouse. 3, Fox or Snake. Cycle 3: 1, Grass. 2, Rabbit. 3, Fox.
What did Ari draw?
a food chain
a trophic chain
a food web
an energy web
Answer: Ari draw a food web.
Explanation:
A single ecosystem which contains all the food chains is called a food web.
In a food web each living thing present in a food web is a part of multiple food chains. Hence, food webs tend to represent the overlapping of food chains in that ecosystem.
The flow chart drawn by Ari represents that the living things present in cycle 1 are part of cycle 2 and cycle 3. Also, living things present in cycle 2 are part of cycle 1 and cycle 3.
A food chain is basically a single path where each organism is dependent of the other as a source of food without any overlapping.
Thus, we can conclude that Ari draw a food web.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP ME
Use what you have learned to match the parts of the sentences.
Answer:
I think that's it or u can research more on it
Why is a shark considered a carnivore?
Obecuase it eats seaweed
O because it eats dead animals
O because it eats sand
O because it eats other animals
Answer:
sharks cannot eat animals ..... shark can eat mamals and fishes
Explanation:
Which of the following are examples of direct contact that could lead to the spread of communicable diseases? Check all that apply.
.sneezing
.coughing
.kissing
.engaging in sexual activity
Read each description below and determine to which stage of sleep each pertains. Then, click and drag each box into the appropriate category below.Typlcally begins about 20 minutes after stage 1 Alpha waves dominate Sleep spindies occur Light sleep Vital signs are at their lowest levels Delta waves dominate Feeing a driting sensaton Beginning of dedline in respiration and blood pressure Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4
Answer:
- Typically begins about 20 minutes after stage 1: Stage 3
- Alpha waves dominate: Stage 1
- Sleep spindles occur: Stage 2
- Light sleep: Stage 2
- Vital signs are at their lowest levels: Stage 4
- Delta waves dominate: Stage 4
- Feeling a drifting sensation: Stage 1
- Beginning of decline in respiration and blood pressure: Stage 2
Explanation:
Sleep can be divided into two phases: 1-non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and 2-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In turn, NREM sleep is divided into four stages (1 to 4). Stages 1-2 are referred to as “light sleep”, while stages 3-4 are known as “deep sleep”. The first NREM stage (normal length: 5-10 minutes) is the transition between wakefulness and sleep. During this stage, the brain produces high amplitude theta waves. During the second NREM stage (light sleep, 10-25 minutes), the body temperature drops, muscles are in a more relaxed state, the breathing and heart rate also drop. The third NREM stage (20-40 minutes) involves the emergence of delta waves and muscles are entirely relaxed. This period (stage 3) is a period of deep sleep, which is referred to as slow-wave sleep (SWS). Finally, the fourth NREM stage (10-60 minutes) is characterized by high amplitude delta waves, while heart and respiration rates slow dramatically.
The carbon cycle ensures that carbon is not lost. which is another important benefit of the carbon cycle.
what is the function of the Galaxy
Answer:
The luminosity function
In astronomy, the luminosity function gives the number of stars or galaxies per luminosity interval. ... Luminosity functions are used to study the properties of large groups or classes of objects, such as the stars in clusters or the galaxies in the Local Group.
3. DNA and Protein similarities are often used for molecular evidence of evolution. What is being compared to show relatedness among species? Explain how this works.
Answer:
The sharing of common ancestors
DNA and RNA both use the same 4 types of nucleotides. Group of answer choices
True False
Answer:
Both deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are composed of nucleotides. A nucleotide is composed of three smaller molecules; a five-carbon, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
A DNA nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases; adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
RNA contains the five-carbon sugar ribose, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases; adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). Uracil takes the place of thymine (T).
Both thymine and uracil pair with adenine.
So DNA and RNA nucleotides differ according to which five-carbon sugar is present, and whether the nitrogenous base thymine or uracil is present. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. DNA contains the nitrogenous base thymine, while RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil.
Explanation:
how many homologous pairs of chromosomes are present in a haploid cell that has 8 chromosomes and is in anaphase II of meiosis ll? explain your answer
Answer:
In many ways, meiosis is a lot like mitosis. The cell goes through similar stages and uses similar strategies to organize and separate chromosomes. In meiosis, however, the cell has a more complex task. It still needs to separate sister chromatids (the two halves of a duplicated chromosome), as in mitosis. But it must also separate homologous chromosomes, the similar but nonidentical chromosome pairs an organism receives from its two parents.
These goals are accomplished in meiosis using a two-step division process. Homologue pairs separate during a first round of cell division, called meiosis I. Sister chromatids separate during a second round, called meiosis II.
Since cell division occurs twice during meiosis, one starting cell can produce four gametes (eggs or sperm). In each round of division, cells go through four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
how does the energy from the sun cause evaporation
Answer:
In the water cycle, evaporation occurs when sunlight warms the surface of the water. The heat from the sun makes the water molecules move faster and faster, until they move so fast they escape as a gas. ... When it is cool enough, the water vapor condenses and returns to liquid water.